Browsing by Autor "Óscar Bernal"

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3.8 Are We Really Measuring Resilience? Analysis of a Colombian High-Risk Adolescent Sample
(Elsevier BV, 2017) Daniel E. Suárez; Andrés Camilo Cardozo Alarcón; Elena María Trujillo Maza; Lorena A. Bejarano; Óscar Bernal; Anna E. Ordóñez
Análisis de las necesidades y uso de servicios de atención en salud mental en Colombia
(National University of Córdoba, 2019) Diana Carolina Zamora-Rondón; Daniel E. Suárez; Óscar Bernal
Most people with mental disorders in Colombia do not receive mental health care from the healthcare system.
Analytical reference framework to analyze non-COVID-19 events
(BioMed Central, 2023) María del Pilar Villamil; Nubia Velasco; David Barrera; Andrés Segura-Tinoco; Óscar Bernal; José Tiberio Hernández
Disponibilidad de datos y perfil de morbilidad en Colombia
(Pan American Health Organization, 2012) Óscar Bernal; Juan Camilo Forero; María del Pilar Villamil; Rafael Vega Pino
Although diagnoses of noncommunicable diseases have increased in Colombia, infections continue to have an important presence in all age groups and health services delivery settings. This situation requires a review of health policies, not only to orient them toward improving the health of the population, but also toward bridging the services gap that exists among the country's different regions. Furthermore, although RIPS are a valuable source of health data, they need to be strengthened with a view to achieving information coverage for all or at least the vast majority of Colombians.
Health and Peacebuilding in Colombia: challenges and opportunities of a community training process for the post-accord
(2022) Catalina González-Uribe; Melissa Arena Simbaqueba; Sebastián León-Giraldo; Luis Fernando Arias; David Alejandro Rodríguez; Ginna Esmeralda Hernández-Neuta; Rodrigo Moreno‐Serra; Óscar Bernal
<title>Abstract</title> Following the peace agreement process in Colombia and to guarantee the right to health, a national educational program to train community leaders in technical education in public health was designed and implemented. Using qualitative methodologies, we sought reflections about the impact of the training process on the 'participant's life projects, collecting information from previous and current experiences and expectations after the program. Participants (n = 44) included peasants, afro-Colombian and indigenous communities, displaced people, victims of the armed conflict, and ex-combatants of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - Army of the People (FARC-EP). Data collection through ethnographic observation, focus groups, and individual semi-structured interviews took place between October and November 2018. Results indicate that the participants saw the program as an opportunity to meet their goals and have better opportunities for their lives; change their way of thinking, and be reflective and open to discussion. Historical governmental and institutional abandonment was identified as a barrier for trust in the program and uncertainty on its potential benefits. Daily life co-existence during the training was a challenge between participants given their diverse backgrounds in the context of conflict in Colombia. It is important to create friendly and explanatory strategies to generate trust with and among participants accompanied with psychological support, ease successful interaction, and generate wellbeing through the program's implementation.
Health and Peacebuilding in Colombia: challenges and opportunities of a community training process for the post-accord
(2022) Catalina González-Uribe; Melissa Arena Simbaqueba; Sebastián León-Giraldo; Luis Fernando Arias; David Alejandro Rodríguez; Ginna Esmeralda Hernández-Neuta; Rodrigo Moreno‐Serra; Óscar Bernal
<title>Abstract</title> Following the peace agreement process in Colombia and to guarantee the right to health, a national educational program to train community leaders in technical education in public health was designed and implemented. Using qualitative methodologies, we sought reflections about the impact of the training process on the 'participant's life projects, collecting information from previous and current experiences and expectations after the program. Participants (n = 44) included peasants, afro-Colombian and indigenous communities, displaced people, victims of the armed conflict, and ex-combatants of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - Army of the People (FARC-EP). Data collection through ethnographic observation, focus groups, and individual semi-structured interviews took place between October and November 2018. Results indicate that the participants saw the program as an opportunity to meet their goals and have better opportunities for their lives; change their way of thinking, and be reflective and open to discussion. Historical governmental and institutional abandonment was identified as a barrier for trust in the program and uncertainty on its potential benefits. Daily life co-existence during the training was a challenge between participants given their diverse backgrounds in the context of conflict in Colombia. It is important to create friendly and explanatory strategies to generate trust with and among participants accompanied with psychological support, ease successful interaction, and generate wellbeing through the program's implementation.
Impact of The Armed Conflict in Colombia: Consequences in The Health System, Response and Challenges
(Research Square (United States), 2022) Óscar Bernal; Tatiana Garcia-Betancourt; Sebastián León-Giraldo; Lina Rodríguez; Catalina González-Uribe
Abstract Introduction In Colombia, health and conflict research has focused on mental health, psychosocial care, displacement, morbidity and mortality. Few scientific studies have assessed health system functioning during armed conflict. In the context of a new period characterized by the implementation of the peace agreement with the FARC armed group, understanding the effects of armed conflict in the health system, the functions and institutions shaped by the conflict is an opportunity for understating pathways and the scope post-conflict health policy reforms. Therefore, this study was conceived to assess the effects of armed conflict on the health system, the response and mechanisms developed to protect medical mission during the armed conflict in Colombia. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion. The qualitative guide collected information in four sections: 1) conflict and health system; effects and barriers in health service provision, 2) actions and coordination to cope with those barriers 3) health policies and armed conflict 4) post accord and current situation. A total of 22 people participated in the interviews, including 8 Policymakers at national level and 7 at local level – 2 NGO´s – 5 Members of international organizations. An academic project event in December 2019 and four focus group were developed (Coffee World technique), to discuss with national and local stakeholder, the effects of armed conflict in health system and an analytical framework to analyze its consequences Results The conflict affected the health-seeking behavior of the population, limited access to healthcare provision, affected health professionals, and was associated with inadequate medical supplies in conflict areas. The health system implemented mechanisms to protect the medical mission, regulate healthcare provision in conflict areas and committed to healthcare provision (mental and physical health services) for the population displaced by the conflict. Conclusion Presence, trust and legitimacy of the state has been truncated during recent years, but its recovery is essential and must be based on the real presence of the state and health services in the territories and dispersed rural areas.
Inequalities in Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Conflict-Affected Areas and the Colombian Peace Agreement: An Oaxaca Blinder Change Decomposition Analysis
(2021) Sebastián León-Giraldo; Juan Sebastián Cuervo-Sanchez; Germán Casas; Catalina González-Uribe; Noémi Kreif; Óscar Bernal; Rodrigo Moreno‐Serra
<title>Abstract</title> BackgroundThe present study analyzes inequalities in catastrophic health expenditures in conflict-affected regions of Meta, Colombia and socioeconomic factors contributing to the existence and changes in catastrophic expenditures before and after the sign of Colombian Peace Agreement with FARC-EP guerilla group in 2016.MethodsThe study uses the results of the survey Conflicto, Paz y Salud (CONPAS) conducted in 1309 households of Meta, Colombia, a territory historically impacted by armed conflict, for the years 2014 and 2018. We define catastrophic expenditures as health expenditures above 20% of the capacity to pay of a household. We disaggregate the changes in inequalities in catastrophic expenditures through the Oaxaca-Blinder change decomposition method.ResultsThe incidence of catastrophic expenditures slightly increased between 2014 to 2018, from 29.3–30.7%. Inequalities in catastrophic expenditures, measured through concentration indexes (CI), also increased from 2014 (CI: -0.152) to 2018 (CI: -0.232). Results show that differences in catastrophic expenditures between socioeconomic groups are mostly attributed to an increased influence of specific sociodemographic variables such as living in rural zones, being a middle-aged person, living in conflict-affected territories, or presenting any type of mental and physical disability.ConclusionsConflict-deescalation and the peace agreement may have facilitated lower-income groups to have access to health services, especially in territories highly impacted by conflict. This, consequently, may have led to higher levels of out-of-pocket expenditures and, therefore, to higher chances of experiencing catastrophic expenditures for lower-income groups in comparison to higher-income groups. Therefore, results indicate the importance of designing policies that guarantee access to health services for people in conflict -affected regions but also, that minimize health care inequalities in out-of-pocket payments that may arouse between people at different socioeconomic groups.