Browsing by Autor "A. Stemmer"

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Characterization of the genetic resource of Criollo goats and their socio-economic role in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
(2004) A. Stemmer; T. Altug; Anne Valle-Zárate; Rodri Ergueta
The present study is based on data registered between January 1999 and March 2000 in the province of Mizque, Cochabamba department, Bolivia. A series of traits were studied in a total of 1078 Criollo goats on 16 farms. The socio-economical setting was investigated applying participant observation, group conversations, and informal as well as structured interviews in 46 households of goat keepers. Criollo goats gave birth throughout the year with peaks in June and March. Average weight at parturition was 26.9 kg, number of kids per litter was 1.2, and mortality rate of kids up to 3 months old was 11.2 %. Weights at birth and at 120 days of age were 2.2 and 9.2 kg, respectively. During the dry and rainy seasons, milk production amounted to 235 g/d and 444 ml/d on average, respectively. The majority of farms (16 out of 42) cultivated 1 to 2 ha with potato, maize, and other crops. Animal husbandry formed an integral part of the farming systems. Various species of animals were kept with goats and sheep being the most numerous. The interviewed families stated that the main reasons for keeping goats were the production of dung, milk and meat as well as the traditional functions of goats in their culture. The main problems indicated were: shortage of forrage; diseases; and predators.
Contributions to diversity rather than basic measures of genetic diversity characterise the spreading of donkey throughout the American continent
(Elsevier BV, 2017) J. Jordana; F. Goyache; Alejandro Ferrando; I. Fernández; Jordi Miró; A. Loarca; Roberto Martínez; José L Canelón; A. Stemmer; Edgar Lenin Aguirre Riofrío
Design of a village breeding programme for a llama population in the High Andes of Bolivia
(Wiley, 2008) María Wurzinger; A. Willam; Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo; M. Nürnberg; A. Valle Zárate; A. Stemmer; Giorgia D. Ugarte; Johann Sölkner
No national breeding programme for llamas is in place in Bolivia. Initiatives for genetic improvement are rarely found and are usually carried out by NGOs working in rural development or improvement of livestock production or research stations. Farmers in the Province of Ayopaya in the District of Cochabamba have formed a breeders' organization with the aim of improving fibre production. In this study, a detailed outline of a breeding programme with a focus on organizational and technical details is described. Facing constraints like illiteracy of farmers, bad infrastructure and lack of finances, a simple breeding programme is set up. The breeding goal is a higher fleece weight while keeping the fleece quality at the current high level. Greasy fleece weight and fibre diameter are identified as main selection criteria. Mass selection of males is carried out. Selected males are either exchanged between farmers and used in the herds or are kept during the mating season in a central mating station owned by the breeders' organization. Model calculations were carried out with the program zplan, which is based on a deterministic approach. zplan evaluates the genetic and economic efficiency of breeding strategies considering one cycle of selection. Scenarios with only intra-herd use, using only the central mating station or combinations of those were compared in terms of expected genetic gain and expected increase of inbreeding. Fastest genetic progress is achieved when the males are kept in a central mating station as the selection intensity is on a high level. Rates of inbreeding vary between 0.08 and 0.32% per generation.
DEVELOPMENT AND WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ANGLO NUBIAN GOAT
(2009) A. Stemmer; Marianna Siegmund‐Schultze; C. Gall; Anne Valle Zárate
"The present study describes the formation of the Anglo Nubian breed in Britain and follows up the original transfer of the founder breeds to Britain in the 19th century. An overview on the worldwide spread of the Anglo Nubian from Britain to the USA and Canada, later to Africa and Asia as well as Latin America is given. Information was compiled through project reports, literature, statistical records where available and accessible and interviews with experts. It is concluded that the Anglo Nubian is an example of a breed developed by combining genetic resources from different parts of the world joining performance and adaptation to tropical conditions. The breed spread to all continents. Apart from being kept as purebreds, it is more often used in crossbreeding programmes in different regions of the world. The value of this genetic resource has been recognized a long time ago, but there seem to be no efforts to counteract the danger of loosing it by excessive use in uncontrolled crossbreeding."
Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing fibre quality of Bolivian llamas
(Elsevier BV, 2005) María Wurzinger; Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo; M. Nürnberg; A. Valle Zárate; A. Stemmer; Giorgia D. Ugarte; Johann Sölkner
Growth curves and genetic parameters for growth traits in Bolivian llamas
(Elsevier BV, 2005) María Wurzinger; Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo; M. Nürnberg; A. Valle Zárate; A. Stemmer; Giorgia D. Ugarte; Johann Sölkner
Organization and Management of Conservation Programs and Research in Domestic Animal Genetic Resources
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019) Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo; Amparo Martínez; Guadalupe Rodríguez Galván; A. Stemmer; Francisco Javier Navas González; María Esperanza Camacho Vallejo
Creating national committees for domestic animal genetic resources within genetic resource national commissions is recommended to organize in situ and ex situ conservation initiatives. In situ conservation is a high priority because it retains traditional zootechnical contexts and locations to ensure the long-term survival of breeds. In situ actions can be based on subsidies, technical support, structure creation, or trademark definition. Provisional or permanent relocation of breeds may prevent immediate extinction when catastrophes, epizootics, or social conflicts compromise in situ conservation. Ex situ in vivo (animal preservation in rescue or quarantine centers) and in vitro methods (germplasm, tissues/cells, DNA/genes storage) are also potential options. Alert systems must detect emergencies and summon the national committee to implement appropriate procedures. Ex situ coordinated centers must be prepared to permanently or provisionally receive extremely endangered collections. National germplasm banks must maintain sufficient samples of national breeds (duplicated) in their collections to restore extinct populations at levels that guarantee the survival of biodiversity. A conservation management survey, describing national and international governmental and non-governmental structures, was developed. Conservation research initiatives for international domestic animal genetic resources from consortia centralize the efforts of studies on molecular, genomic or geo-evolutionary breed characterization, breed distinction, and functional gene identification. Several consortia also consider ex situ conservation relying on socioeconomic or cultural aspects. The CONBIAND network (Conservation for the Biodiversity of Local Domestic Animals for Sustainable Rural Development) exemplifies conservation efficiency maximization in a low-funding setting, integrating several Latin American consortia with international cooperation where limited human, material, and economic resources are available.
SISTEMA DE PRODUCCION DE RUMIANTES MENORES EN COCHABAMBA - BOLIVIA PRODUCTION SYSTEM OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN COCHABAMBA - BOLIVIA
(2012) Marlene Menacho; A. Stemmer; Rodri Ergueta
The objective of the present study was to characterize the production system of sheep and goats in three communities in the south of the department of Cochabamba. Thirteen families were visited every two months from March 2010 to February 2011. Methods of direct observations and semi structured interviews were applied, collecting data about livestock numbers, use of products of small ruminants, infrastructure for livestock, management, animal nutrition, gender aspects in decision taking, uses and importance of sheep and goats. An analysis of variance was carried out about the effect of communities on livestock numbers. The families of the study own higher numbers of small ruminants in comparison with other species. Management is mainly the task of women with the help of their children. It's equally the women who take most decisions about activities related to small ruminants; men decide only about the acquisition of external inputs. Manure is the most important product; the abilities most appreciated are the use for saving and the resilience of animals. It is concluded that small ruminants play a very important role for smallholders.
Stated preferences of llama keeping functions in Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2009) André Markemann; A. Stemmer; Marianna Siegmund‐Schultze; Hans‐Peter Piepho; A. Valle Zárate