Browsing by Autor "Alberto Gianella"

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21-Hydroxylase gene mutant allele CYP21A2∗15 strongly linked to the resistant HLA haplotype B∗14:02-DRB1∗01:02 in chronic Chagas disease
(Elsevier BV, 2013) Florencia del Puerto; Mihoko Kikuchi; Juan Eiki Nishizawa; Yelin Roca; Cinthia Avila; Alberto Gianella; Javier Lora; Freddy Udalrico Gutierrez Velarde; Kenji Hirayama
Arboviral Etiologies of Acute Febrile Illnesses in Western South America, 2000–2007
(Public Library of Science, 2010) Brett M. Forshey; Carolina Guevara; V. Alberto Laguna-Torres; Manuel Céspedes; Jorge Vargas; Alberto Gianella; Efraín Vallejo; César Madrid; Nicolás Aguayo; Eduardo Gotuzzo
Our data provide a better understanding of the geographic range of arboviruses in South America and highlight the diversity of pathogens in circulation. These arboviruses are currently significant causes of human illness in endemic regions but also have potential for further expansion. Our data provide a basis for analyzing changes in their ecology and epidemiology.
Brote epidémico de denguevirus 2, genotipo Jamaica, en Bolivia
(Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 1998) Alberto Gianella; Marianne Pirard; Anaí Holzman; Marleen Boelaert; Frank Fernández-Ortiz; Carlos Peredo; J L Pelegrino; Patrick Van der Stuyft
Objetivo. Confirmar la presencia de brote de dengue en la ciudad de Santa Cruz, Bolivia, así como identificar el denguevirus causal, estimar la tasa de ataque y determinar la proporción de infecciones sintomáticas. Material y métodos. En marzo de 1997 se realizó una encuesta seroepidemiológica con muestreo aleatorio en un distrito céntrico de la ciudad. Se obtuvo información sobre episodios de enfermedad aguda, antecedentes de cuadro febril reciente y muestras de sangre venosa. Se determinó la presencia de IgM antidengue con el método MAC ELISA y se procedió a la tipificación del virus con tecnología de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Resultados. Se detectaron anticuerpos IgM en 6.5% de los adultos (IC95% 3.4-9.6) y 5.1% de los niños (IC 95% 2.0-8.2). El virus circulante fue identificado como dengue serotipo 2, genotipo Jamaica. Menos de la mitad de los niños infectados tuvieron una infección sintomática, contra casi 90% de los adultos. Conclusiones. La tasa de ataque estimada es compatible con una epidemia de dengue en Santa Cruz. La introducción del serotipo 2 - Jamaica en el país aumenta el riesgo de dengue hemorrágico.
Chagas' infection in university students of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. A serologic-electrocardiographic study
(University of São Paulo, 1994) Alberto Gianella; Barbara Poser; Pablo Conesa‐Zamora
In order to learn the prevalence of Chagas' infection among students from Santa Cruz de la Sierra's universities, a random sample of 372 new students was drawn. All participants have had electrocardiograms (EKG) and serologic analysis (IHAT). 64/372 (17.2%) had serologic evidence of Chagas' infection, and from those, 10/64 (15.6%) had some EKG alterations. Among students presenting negative serologic test, 31/308 (10.1%) had EKG alterations. There was no statistical association between Chagas' infection and EKG alterations (X2 = 1.67, p = 0.2). There was a positive association between Chagas' infection and intraventricular conduction defects and this association was higher among the students of 19 years of age or less (O.R. 10.4, p < 0.05).
Detection and identification of dengue-2 virus from Santa Cruz-Bolivia by a single tube RT-PCR method
(University of São Paulo, 1999) Carlos Peredo; Tania Garron; J L Pelegrino; Eva Harris; Alberto Gianella
Dengue virus type 1 was introduced to Brazil in 1986 where it produced outbreaks in several states. In August of 1987 it made its first appearance in Santa Cruz-Bolivia where the infestation rate by Aedes aegypti was over 20%. In that first Bolivian Dengue outbreak, the only serotype isolated in C6/36 mosquito cells by the CDC was Dengue virus type 1, bearing the same genotype as the one isolated in Brazil. No cases of DHF nor fatalities were officially reported in Bolivia. Although only 6841 cases were clinically reported, due to the lack of diagnostic capabilities in Bolivia, the WHO estimated that the real number of people infected by the virus was over 200,000 (50% of the population in Santa Cruz in that time).
[Epidemic outbreak of dengue virus 2/Jamaica genotype in Bolivia].
(National Institutes of Health, 1999) Alberto Gianella; M Pirard; Anaí Holzman; Marleen Boelaert; Frank Fernández-Ortiz; Carlos Peredo; Pelegrino Jl; Van der Stuyft P
The estimated attack rates are compatible with a Dengue epidemic outbreak in Santa Cruz. The introduction of the serotype 2/ subgroup Jamaica virus into the country increases the risk of hemorrhagic Dengue.
Epidemiological analysis of the influenza A(H1N1)v outbreak in Bolivia, May-August 2009
(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2009) Alberto Gianella; Azibadighi Walter; Roberto Jimmy Revollo; Roxana Loayza; Jorge Vargas; Yelin Roca
The outbreak of pandemic influenza (H1N1) began in Bolivia on 25 May 2009. Between May and August, the National Center of Tropical Disease (CENETROP) analysed by RT-PCR 7,060 samples of which 12.7% were positive. A preliminary analysis of the 895 confirmed cases identified between May and August 2009 describes epidemiological and clinical characteristics. After the first imported cases from the United States and Peru, the locally acquired infections predominated (90%). The number of cases was highest in the age group of 10 to 29 year-olds, and 89.6% of cases were observed in people under the age of 40 years. Fever, cough, nasal discharge and headache remained the main symptoms.
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Santa Cruz, Bolivia: Outbreak Investigation and Antibody Prevalence Study
(Public Library of Science, 2012) Joel M. Montgomery; Patrick J. Blair; Darin S. Carroll; James N. Mills; Alberto Gianella; Naomi Iihoshi; Ana M. Briggiler; Vidal Felices; Milagros Salazar; James G. Olson
We report the results of an investigation of a small outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in 2002 in the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, where the disease had not previously been reported. Two cases were initially reported. The first case was a physician infected with Laguna Negra virus during a weekend visit to his ranch. Four other persons living on the ranch were IgM antibody-positive, two of whom were symptomatic for mild hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. The second case was a migrant sugarcane worker. Although no sample remained to determine the specific infecting hantavirus, a virus 90% homologous with Río Mamoré virus was previously found in small-eared pygmy rice rats (Oligoryzomys microtis) trapped in the area. An antibody prevalence study conducted in the region as part of the outbreak investigation showed 45 (9.1%) of 494 persons to be IgG positive, illustrating that hantavirus infection is common in Santa Cruz Department. Precipitation in the months preceding the outbreak was particularly heavy in comparison to other years, suggesting a possible climatic or ecological influence on rodent populations and risk of hantavirus transmission to humans. Hantavirus infection appears to be common in the Santa Cruz Department, but more comprehensive surveillance and field studies are needed to fully understand the epidemiology and risk to humans.
Andes Virus and First Case Report of Bermejo Virus Causing Fatal Pulmonary Syndrome
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002) Paula Padula; Marcelo González Della Valle; María García-Alai; Pedro Cortada; Mario Villagra; Alberto Gianella
Two suspected hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases from Bolivia occurred in May and July 2000 and were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-ANDES using N-Andes recombinant antigen serology. Clot RNAs from the two patients were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. We describe two characterized cases of HPS. One was caused by infection with Bermejo virus and the other with Andes Nort viral lineage, both previously obtained from Oligoryzomys species. This is the first report of molecular identification of a human hantavirus associated with Bermejo virus.
Immigration Status and HIV-risk Related Behaviors among Female Sex Workers in South America
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2007) Christian T. Bautista; Carlos Mosquera; Margarita Serra; Alberto Gianella; María Mercedes Ávila; V. Alberto Laguna-Torres; Jean K. Carr; Silvia M. Montano; José Luis Sánchez‐Ramos
Incidence of Surgical-Site Infections and the Validity of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System Risk Index in a General Surgical Ward in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
(Cambridge University Press, 2003) Lorena Soleto; Marianne Pirard; Marleen Boelaert; Remberto Peredo; Reinerio Vargas; Alberto Gianella; Patrick Van der Stuyft
SSIs cause considerable morbidity in Santa Cruz. Appropriate nosocomial infection surveillance and control should be introduced. The NNIS System risk index did not discriminate between patients at low and high risk for SSI in this hospital setting, but a risk score based on local cutoff points performed substantially better.
Lineage Analysis of Circulating Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites and Their Association with Clinical Forms of Chagas Disease in Bolivia
(Public Library of Science, 2010) Florencia del Puerto; Juan Eiki Nishizawa; Mihoko Kikuchi; Naomi Iihoshi; Yelin Roca; Cinthia Avilas; Alberto Gianella; Javier Lora; Freddy Udalrico Gutierrez Velarde; Luis Alberto Renjel
None of the identified lineages or sublineages was significantly associated with any particular clinical manifestations in the chronic Chagas patients in Bolivia.
Morphometrics of domestic Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus in Bolivia
(Maney Publishing, 1998) JP Dujardin; G. Forgues; M. Torrez; E. Martínez; C. Cordoba; Alberto Gianella
The trend to domesticity in Triatominae may represent a transitionary phase towards increasing vectorial importance in the transmission of Chagas disease to humans, and requires sustained entomological surveillance. Although generally considered a sylvatic species, Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus has been recently captured inside human dwellings in the provinces of Nor Yungas and Muñecas in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia, providing evidence of this species' ability to colonise domestic habitats. The results of previous research on domestic and sylvatic specimens of other species of Triatominae indicate that morphometries could be used to monitor this adaptive process. The most likely cause of differences seen in the size and shape of bugs from domestic colonies of P. rufotuberculatus from two neighbouring villages in Bolivia is probably genetic drift rather than environmental influences. Comparison with allopatric sylvatic specimens, including the holotype of P. rufotuberculatus, showed a general reduction in size from sylvatic to domestic specimens.
Protective Human Leucocyte Antigen Haplotype, HLA-DRB1*01-B*14, against Chronic Chagas Disease in Bolivia
(Public Library of Science, 2012) Florencia del Puerto; Juan Eiki Nishizawa; Mihoko Kikuchi; Yelin Roca; Cinthia Avilas; Alberto Gianella; Javier Lora; Freddy Udalrico Gutierrez Velarde; Sachio Miura; Norihiro Komiya
This is the first report of HLA haplotype association with resistance to chronic Chagas disease.
Urbanisation of yellow fever in Santa Cr uz, Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 1999) Patrick Van der Stuyft; Alberto Gianella; M Pirard; Juan Manuel Sánchez Céspedes; Jacyr Lora; Carlos Peredo; Pelegrino Jl; V. Vorndam; Marleen Boelaert
Yellow Fever Virus Infectivity for BolivianAedes aegyptiMosquitoes
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004) John-Paul Mutebi; Alberto Gianella; Amélia Travassos da Rosa; Robert B. Tesh; Alan D.T. Barrett; Stephen Higgs
The absence of urban yellow fever virus (YFV) in Bolivian cities has been attributed to the lack of competent urban mosquito vectors. Experiments with Aedes aegypti from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, demonstrated infection (100%), dissemination (20%), and transmission of a Bolivian YFV strain (CENETROP-322).