Browsing by Autor "Arias-Uriona, Ana M"

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[Intersectionality as a theoretical-analytical tool to study health inequalities in the AmericasA interseccionalidade como ferramenta teórico-analítica para estudo das desigualdades em saúde nas Américas].
(2023) Arias-Uriona, Ana M; Losantos, Marcela; Bedoya, Paola
OBJECTIVE: Analyze inequalities in self-perceived health among population groups located at the intersections of gender identity, ethnicity, and education level in countries of the Americas, classified by income level. METHODS: Panel data from the World Values Survey were used for the period 1990-2022. The study sample included 58 790 people between 16 and 65 years of age from 14 countries in the Americas. The dependent variable was poor self-perceived health, and the independent variables were gender, education level, and ethnicity. A multi-categorical variable with 12 strata was created for the intercategorical intersectionality analysis. An analysis of individual heterogeneity and diagnostic accuracy was performed using five logistic regression models, adjusted by age and by survey wave. RESULTS: A clear and persistent intersectional gradient for poor self-perceived health was observed in all country disaggregations by income. Compared to the category with the most advantage (men of majority ethnicity and higher education), the other groups had increased risk of poor health, with the highest risk among women of minority ethnicity and in Indigenous peoples with less than secondary education (three to four times higher). In addition, women had a higher risk of poor health than men in each pair of intersectional strata. CONCLUSIONS: The intersectional analysis demonstrated a persistent social gradient of self-perceived ill health in the Americas.
La interseccionalidad como herramienta teórico-analítica para estudiar las desigualdades en salud en las Américas
(IICC - Linea Determinantes Sociales y equidad en salud, 2023) Arias-Uriona, Ana M; Losantos, Marcela; Bedoya, Paola
Objetivo. Analizar las desigualdades en la salud autopercibida entre grupos de población situados en las intersecciones de identidad de género, grupo étnico y nivel de educación en países de las Américas, clasificados según su nivel de ingreso. Métodos. Se utilizaron datos en panel de la Encuesta Mundial de Valores en el período comprendido entre los años 1990 y 2022. La muestra de este estudio incluyó 58 790 personas entre 16 y 65 años, provenientes de 14 países del continente americano. La variable dependiente fue la mala salud autopercibida, las variables independientes fueron el género, el nivel de educación y el grupo étnico. Para el análisis interseccional intercategórico se creó una variable multicategórica de 12 estratos. Se realizó un análisis de heterogeneidad individual y precisión diagnóstica mediante cinco modelos de regresión logística ajustados por edad y ola de encuesta. Resultados. Se observó un claro y persistente gradiente interseccional para la mala salud autopercibida en todas las desagregaciones de países por su ingreso. Comparados con la categoría más aventajada (hombres de etnia mayoritaria y educación superior), los demás grupos incrementaron el riesgo de mala salud, con el mayor riesgo en las mujeres de etnia minoritaria o pueblos indígenas con nivel de educación inferior a secundaria (tres a cuatro veces mayor). Además, las mujeres tuvieron mayor riesgo de mala salud respecto a los hombres en cada uno de los pares de estratos interseccionales. Conclusiones. El análisis interseccional demostró la persistencia de un gradiente social de la mala salud autopercibida en el continente americano.
[Social determinants associated with self-reporting of symptoms and access to COVID-19 testing and diagnosis in the Plurinational State of BoliviaDeterminantes sociais associados ao autorrelato de sintomas, acesso a testagem e diagnóstico de COVID-19 no Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia].
(2022) Arias-Uriona, Ana M; Pérez, Esdenka; Llanos, Javier; Cuellar, Rafael; Galarza, Pamela Y
OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of self-reporting of symptoms and access to testing and diagnosis of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19), as well as its association with social determinants of health (SDH). METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 11 728 men and 12 612 women over the age of 17, based on the National Household Survey 2020. The dependent variables were the self-reporting of symptoms, access to testing, and a positive COVID-19 test. The independent variables were age, educational level, area of residence and geographic area, ethnicity, type of household, income per capita, occupation, and health insurance. Prevalences, bivariate associations, and binomial logistical regression models (odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI95%) were calculated. RESULTS: Of the total individuals included, 16% reported symptoms, 10% a test, and 4.2% a positive COVID-19 test. Inequalities were observed in the reporting of COVID-19 symptoms, with a higher probability in women whose income had fallen (OR: 1.7; CI95%: 1.2-2.4) and unemployed persons (OR: 1.2; CI95%: 1.1-1.4 for men and OR: 1.3; CI95%: 1.5-1.5 for women). In contrast, with respect to access to diagnostic tests, the highest probability was observed in people with higher education (OR: 2.4; CI95%: 1.9-2.9 for men and OR: 2.7; CI95%: 2.2-3.4 for women), whose income was maintained (OR: 1.5; CI95%: 1.3-1.9 for men and OR: 1.7; CI95%: 1.4-2.0 for women) and those in the highest quartile of per capita household income (OR: 2.0; CI95%: 1.6-2.5 for men and OR: 1.6; CI95%: 1.3-2.0 for women). The probability of reporting symptoms and getting tested, and being diagnosed with COVID-19 increased with age for people with health insurance and those living in the llanos region; however, it decreased for residents of rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: There are inequalities in access to testing and the reporting of COVID-19 symptoms.