Browsing by Autor "Blas Apaza-Huanca"

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Application of artificial intelligence in the field of legal and forensic medicine: advances and future challenges
(2025) Themis Karim Ocampo Gamboa; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; E Fernández; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Jose Luis Diaz-Guerrero; Ruben Marco Antonio Soliz-Mendoza
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a profoundly transformative tool in numerous fields of knowledge, and its application in legal and forensic medicine is opening a new chapter in forensic science. The development of the “JL-IDIF” system by the Forensic Research Institute (IDIF) has been recognized as an innovative step, setting precedents for the use of advanced technology for the recording and analysis of forensic data. AI represents an unprecedented opportunity to transform legal and forensic medicine, making these processes faster, more efficient, and more accurate. Methodology. An information search was conducted from January to May 2025. Information was collected from scientific articles, books, technical reports, and publications in specialized media, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and websites of forensic and government institutions. This approach allowed for a comprehensive and well-founded synthesis of the available information. Conclusions. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed multiple areas of medicine, and its incursion into forensic and legal medicine marks the beginning of a new era in forensic practice. This review has shown that, while technological advances have demonstrated great potential, significant limitations remain related to data quality, the need for external validation, and the availability of adequate technological infrastructure. In Bolivia, initiatives such as the JL-IDIF project or the experimental implementation of generative AI models demonstrate the interest and initial capacity to explore these emerging technologies. AI should not be viewed as a substitute for human judgment, but rather as a powerful tool that enhances the work of experts, allowing them to focus on critical interpretation and decision-making.
Artificial Intelligence in the Intensive Care Unit: Present and Future
(2025) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Ariel Sosa Remón; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Ismael Vargas Gallego; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly transforming critical medicine and intensive care. Its ability to process large volumes of data and generate accurate predictions has improved medical decision-making, optimizing diagnosis, treatment, and reducing the workload of healthcare personnel. Methodology: A literature review was conducted between November 2024 and February 2025, consulting databases such as SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-MedLine, Google Scholar, and ClinicalKeys. Original articles, case reports, and open-access systematic reviews from the last 5 years were selected, using descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and Boolean operators for the search. Development: Current applications of AI in the ICU include: Monitoring and early detection of adverse events using sensors and machine learning algorithms; diagnosis and prognosis through deep neural networks for medical image interpretation; treatment optimization, including adjustments in mechanical ventilation and pharmacogenomics; efficient management of hospital resources. The future of AI in critical care is oriented towards more explanatory and transparent systems, personalized precision medicine, integration with emerging technologies and automation of clinical processes. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining care in intensive care units, improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatments, improving clinical decision-making and thus allowing more efficient hospital management. However, as advanced as it is, it will never replace the empathy and clinical judgment of healthcare professionals. By integrating AI responsibly, we not only save more lives, but we also humanize critical patient care, always remembering that, at the heart of intensive medicine, there is compassion and commitment to each patient.
Bibliographic review on the application of biomaterials in neurological disorders
(2025) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; José Alejandro Carías Díaz; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Ariel Sosa Remón; Adalid Rimer Condo-Gutierrez; Laura Pamela Mamani Manzaneda; Luis Mariano Tecuatl Gómez; Isaura Oberson Santander; Nayra Condori-Villca
Introduction: the process of endogenous neurogenesis is not capable of replenishing lost cells after an injury that can result in massive cell loss. Biomaterials are being developed to mimic the brain’s extracellular matrix, providing scaffolds that promote tissue repair and regeneration. The objective was to characterize the application of biomaterials in neurological affections.Methods: a literature review was conducted, where 20 articles in English and Spanish were selected, published in the last five years on the subject, in databases such as: Scopus, PubMed, Springer.Results: biomaterials play an essential role in the human body by serving as artificial substitutes or implants that interact with living tissues, organs, and bodily fluids. Emerging approaches, including stem cell therapy, biomaterials, immune cell therapy, and exosome-based treatments, show promise in modulating the inflammatory response while avoiding broad suppression of immune function. With that in mind, researchers are exploring how these materials could help repair nerve damage once thought to be permanent, boost brain function, and play a key role in fields like neuro-oncology and neuro-rehabilitation. Conclusions: biomaterials enable safe contact with living tissue and offer promise in neuroscience. Research is still needed to address ethics and ensure safe use.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Worldwide Scholarly Output on Artificial Intelligence in Scopus
(Grupo de Investigación “Nodo Educativo” / Red Universitaria de Tecnología Educativa (RUTE), 2023) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; José Alejandro Carías Díaz; Óscar Vedia; Sara Milca Robles-Nina; Carlos Sánchez Escalante; Blas Apaza-Huanca
Introduction: the use of bibliometric analyses is useful to gain insight into the development, trends, and impact of scholarly output on artificial intelligence (AI) in several fields. Objective: to characterize the worldwide scholarly output on AI in Scopus in the period 2013-2022. Method: a descriptive observational bibliometric study was carried out. The study population consisted of the 776,961 documents identified using SciVal. The following variables were studied: number of documents (Ndoc), year of publication, annual variation rate (AVR) of the scholarly output, type of document, source, number of citations (Ncit), field-weighted citation impact (FWCI), author(s), author-level h-index, institution, country, type of collaboration, and keyphrases. Results: the scholarly output showed a steady quantitative increase during the period studied, with a positive AVR. Conference papers (68,5 %) and articles (26,5 %) were the main types of documents. Neurocomputing led the list of sources in both Ndoc (12,989) and Ncit (351,837). The highest FWCI (3.02) corresponded to Proceedings – IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. China, the United States and India were the countries with the highest Ndoc by year of publication. Institutional collaboration was the most common (46,7 %) type of collaboration. The most prominent keyphrases were: Robot, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network and Robotics. Conclusions: the scholarly production analyzed is characterized by its constant quantitative growth and is mostly represented by conference papers. Productivity and impact indicators based on citations show remarkable results. The science produced was led by China, and scientific collaboration played a relevant role.
Bilateral Subdural Empyema, secondary to odontogenic infectious process. Case Report
(2024) Edwin Cruz Choquetopa; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Yenifer Zelaya-Espinoza; Maribel Zambrana-Mejia; F Salazar; Osman Arteaga Iriarte
Introduction: Subdural empyema (ESD) is a collection of pus between the dura mater and arachnoid, and constitutes a medical emergency due to its rapid progression and high mortality rate. Although ENT infections are the main causes, odontogenic infections can also lead to ESD. Early diagnosis, intravenous antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention are essential to reduce mortality.Clinical case: A 32-year-old male patient presented with a month-long picture of swelling and pain on the left side of the face, recently aggravated by fever, headache, vomiting and generalised tonic-clonic convulsions. He had a history of alcoholism and recurrent dental infections. Imaging revealed a bilateral subdural empyema with left-sided predominance. Urgent antibiotic treatment was initiated, followed by bilateral craniotomy and drainage of purulent material. In addition, a brain abscess and a subgaleal haematoma were managed. Cultures identified Streptococcus viridans and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, with good response to targeted therapy. The patient progressed favourably and was discharged in good condition.Conclusions: In regions like Bolivia, the prevalence of odontogenic infections due to cultural and economic factors increases the risk of severe complications such as SDE. A multidisciplinary approach, including early diagnosis, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and surgical intervention, is essential to improve outcomes and reduce mortality in these patients
Bioprocess Engineering: Advances in Cell Culture Systems, Reactor Design, Scale-up Strategies, and Intensification Processes for the Production of Biological and Bioactive Compounds
(2025) Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Jose Luis Diaz-Guerrero; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Blas Apaza-Huanca; E Fernández; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Themis Karim Ocampo Gamboa; Rodolfo R. Rosales; Luis Mariano Tecuatl Gómez; Pablo Carías
Bioprocess engineering is undergoing an unprecedented transformation, driven by the growing demand for complex and bioactive biological products across diverse industries, from pharmaceuticals to food and energy. Recent advances have redefined the efficiency, scalability, and sustainability of biomanufacturing. Key elements of this evolution include the widespread adoption of single-use systems, the integration of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) for precise control and predictive optimization, and the fundamental shift toward continuous bioprocessing. These innovations not only reduce costs and production times but also improve product quality and consistency, enabling the manufacturing of personalized therapies and high-value compounds. Scaling strategies have diversified to include both scale-up and parallel expansion (scale-out), tailored to specific product needs. Together, these developments are laying the foundation for more agile, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible biomanufacturing, preparing the industry to address global challenges in health and sustainability.
Cardiac tamponade in a patient with chagas disease and pericardiocentesis. Case report
(2024) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Tania Lino-Padilla; Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas; José Bernardo Antezana-Muñoz; Victor Hugo Mamani Huarachi
Introduction: Cardiac tamponade is considered a medical emergency, which is characterized by the accumulation of fluid, pus, blood or clots in the pericardial space. Chagas disease is considered one of the potential causes of cardiac tamponade due to the myocarditis and pericarditis it can produce.Clinical case: 58-year-old male patient who went to the emergency department, with a condition characterized by: dizziness, fatigue, productive cough with whitish expectoration, moderate dyspnea, general and mild chest discomfort. With a history of Chronic Chagas, smoker. A P-A chest x-ray, electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiogram were performed, confirming the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade. Discussion: Although Beck's triad can guide the diagnosis, it occurs in a small percentage of cases. In our case, after diagnosis, ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis was performed and allowed the evacuation of blood content, improving the hemodynamic condition after performing the procedure and stable vital parameters. Conclusions: Chronic Chagas and some associated risk factors triggered the development of plugging. The pericardiocentesis was successful, allowing the evacuation of blood content, improving the hemodynamic condition and avoiding complications. Atypical presentation requires multidisciplinary management, early diagnosis related to clinical and ultrasound findings are essential for management, these will be determining factors in the evolution and prognosis of our patients
Challenges in the epidemiological surveillance of maternal mortality in Bolivia: a retrospective analysis
(2023) Blas Apaza-Huanca; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; José José Corini-Mamani; Amira Guisel Lopez-Quispe; Yenifer Zelaya-Espinoza; Olvis Scharbel Valdivia-Tola; M Sanchez
Objective: To address the challenges in epidemiological surveillance of maternal mortality in Bolivia, highlighting the importance of improving this process and highlighting the lack of updated data. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study using data from the National Health Information and Epidemiological Surveillance System (SNIS-VE) of the Bolivian Ministry of Health and Sports. Two periods were examined: 2001-2014 and 2015-2022, with an emphasis on changes introduced in the SNIS-VE, such as the categorisation of reported and confirmed maternal deaths. Results: A deterioration in epidemiological surveillance was observed in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The situation varied between departments and levels of care, highlighting regional differences and differences in the quality of registration systems. These findings underline the complexity of epidemiological surveillance of maternal mortality in Bolivia. Conclusions: This study highlights the urgent need to improve the epidemiological surveillance of maternal mortality in Bolivia, improve the registration by the statistics department to avoid under-registration and strengthen the organization and operation of the Technical Committees for Maternal Mortality Surveillance, to in order to improve the Epidemiological Surveillance process in its different stages. These efforts are essential to move towards safer and more effective maternal care in Bolivia.
Choledochal cyst in a pediatric patient with Down syndrome, a diagnostic challenge
(2024) Henrry Temis Quisbert Vasquez; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Gabriela Moscoso Zurita; Liliana Heydi Suarez Laime; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Giovanni Callizaya Macedo
Introduction. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal alteration. Mortality during the first year of life in this group is high. Newborns with this condition have a higher risk of developing cholestasis. Infants with DS can develop cysts. of common bile duct secondary to cholestasis, in pediatric patients common bile duct cysts are a rare pathology. Clinical Case. 9-month-old infant with a history of DS. On general physical examination, the skin and mucous membranes were generally moist and jaundiced, isochoric and photoreactive pupils, icteric sclerae, with hepatomegaly 3 cm below the costal margin and splenomegaly 2 cm from the rib cage, abdominal perimeter 49 cm. Laboratory and imaging studies, including cholangioresonance, are performed to confirm the diagnosis of Todani IVa choledochal cyst.Conclusions. In patients with Down syndrome who present a clinical picture of vomiting, abdominal pain and jaundice, the diagnosis of choledochal cyst should be considered. Cholangioresonance is the study that confirms the presence of a choledochal cyst. Our clinical case was evaluated by the surgery service and a surgical procedure was scheduled for resection of the cyst
Current perspectives in the diagnosis and management of bacterial meningitis. Literature review and update
(2025) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Blas Apaza-Huanca; C. Roman; P. Ussetti Gil; José Bernardo Antezana-Muñoz; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; Eloy Paycho Anagua
Introduction: Bacterial meningitis is a serious and potentially fatal disease that has represented a significant challenge to medicine since its identification in the 19th century. Despite advances in antimicrobial treatment, it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review aims to update current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of bacterial meningitis, focusing on its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies. Methods: A search for information was carried out in the period August-December 2024 in the SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-MedLine databases, the Google Scholar search engine, as well as in the ClinicalKeys services. For the recovery of information, an advanced search strategy was used and the terms “meningitis or bacterial meningitis” were used, as well as their translations into the English language. To combine the terms, Boolean operators were used, with search formulas according to the syntax requested by each database. Furthermore, in order to achieve a review based on the best possible evidence, only studies of the type case series, original articles or systematic reviews were selected. Results and discussion: Bacterial meningitis develops when pathogens overcome the host's defense mechanisms, colonizing mucous membranes, invading the bloodstream and penetrating the subarachnoid space. The main pathogens include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae. The most common clinical manifestations are fever, headache, stiff neck and altered mental status. Diagnosis is based on analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which shows pleocytosis, increased protein and decreased glucose. Empirical treatment includes antibiotics such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and vancomycin, together with dexamethasone as adjuvant therapy to reduce inflammation. Conclusions: Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of the central nervous system, a medical emergency whose mortality and sequelae can be reduced with timely diagnosis and treatment. The key is to start treatment immediately and without delay. Prevention is the cornerstone of its control. Only through multidisciplinary management, which could include an expert infectious disease specialist, an intensive care physician, a specialized nurse and adequate laboratory equipment, can the impact of this devastating disease be mitigated.
Detection and evaluation of vascular calcifications using Duplex Doppler ultrasound, in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at the Centro Integral Hemodialisis y Trasplantes S.R.L. in Tarija Bolivia
(2024) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Jose Luis Diaz-Guerrero; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Elier Carrera González; Jorge Márquez-Molina; R. Sarmiento; Edwin Cruz Choquetopa
Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease represents a systemic pathology with important consequences on patient survival, mainly through the development of vascular calcifications. Early detection of these calcifications is crucial for the assessment of cardiovascular risk and timely therapeutic management. The present study aims to evaluate the usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the detection and evaluation of vascular calcifications in patients with CKD.Methods: Study design. Descriptive observational, which was carried out at the Centro Integral Hemodialisis y Trasplantes S.R.L. in Tarija, Bolivia. The research universe was 60 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, who undergo hemodialysis at the Center, the sample was 32 patients, selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Exclusion Criteria: Any patient who does not meet the inclusion criteria. Inclusion Criteria: Patients with CKD who undergo Hemodialysis at Centro Integral Hemodialisis y Trasplantes S.R.L.Results: Table 1 shows that, of 32 patients, the predominant age group is 61 to 70 years. The presence of chronic diseases is evident in patients with CKD, with arterial hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus being the most frequent. Table 3 shows that of the total number of patients in the study population, 75% had a mild vascular calcification score (0-25 points), 21.87% had a moderate vascular calcification score (26-39 points), and only 3.12% had a severe score (40-63 points).Conclusions: Duplex Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive, safe and effective technique for the evaluation of vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease. Its ability to detect subtle changes in arterial morphology allows for early diagnosis and better management of cardiovascular risk. The presence of vascular calcifications in patients with CKD increases cardiovascular risk
Difficult Airway in Adult patients: Outcome and institutional response
(2023) Ángel Roberto Martínez López; José Alejandro Carías Díaz; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Gustavo Perez-Aramayo; Laura Pamela Mamani Manzaneda; Pablo Saul Mayta-Amador; Blas Apaza-Huanca
Introduction. The airway is one in which a trained anesthesiologist experiences difficulty in ventilation or difficulty in intubation, or both. Objective. To determine the outcome of patients over 18 years of age with a difficult airway and the characteristics of the institutional response capacity, at the Hospital Escuela Universitario, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 2018-2020. Methods. Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, with a sample of 80 patients with difficult airway. Non-probability sampling for convenience. The data were entered in EPI-INFO. Descriptive analysis was performed as measures of central tendency and grouping. The proportion was estimated using the formula: P = Number of people with difficult airways / number of patients older than 18 years multiplied by 100. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee in Biomedical Research / FCM / UNAH. Results. 28,8 % had ASA II anesthetic risk, 27,6 % had ASA IIE. 68,5 % had Grade III Cormack Lehane Scale, 7,5 % Grade II, 23,7 % Grade IV, 97,5 % of the intubation was successful, 2,5 % was unsuccessful. 36,3 % with a difficult airway are overweight, 25 % are type I obese, 13,8 % are type III obese and 8,3 %. There was 97,2 % of successful intubation and, in most, up to 2 attempts were required to achieve it. Conclusions. Obesity constitutes a risk factor for difficult ventilation and intubation, as well as an anesthetic risk. ASA II and III is also a risk factor for difficult airway.
Extubation based on predictive scales in the management of neurocritical patients: Narrative review and update
(2025) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Edwin Cruz Choquetopa; José Bernardo Antezana-Muñoz; Osman Arteaga Iriarte; Sara Milca Robles-Nina; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Rodrigo Stalin Torrico-Araúz; David Oliver Aguirre-Soliz
Introduction: Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is essential in neurocritical patients to ensure oxygenation, control ventilation and prevent secondary brain damage, although its prolonged use is associated with complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and increased mortality. Extubation in this population faces failure rates of up to 40%, highlighting the need for specific strategies. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted based on original articles, case series and open access systematic reviews, consulted in SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-Medline, Google Scholar and ClinicalKey. DeCS descriptors and Boolean operators were used, excluding letters to the editor and conference proceedings to prioritise quality evidence. Development: Extubation in neurocritical patients is compromised by neurological (altered level of consciousness, reflex dysfunction), respiratory (secretions, weak cough) and systemic (prolonged IMV) factors. Scales such as VISAGE, AIRWAY SCORE and ENIO integrate key variables to predict success, although they lack universal validation. Tracheostomy reduces duration of IMV, but not VAPV or mortality, while physiotherapy shows unconfirmed potential. Conclusion: Predictive scales offer valuable tools, but their standardisation is limited. Level of consciousness does not consistently predict success, prioritising airway protection. Prospective studies are needed to develop specific protocols and improve outcomes in neurocritical patients.
Factors of interest of general practitioners in scientific research in first-level care centers in Bolivia
(2024) Laura Pamela Mamani Manzaneda; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Nayra Condori-Villca; Boris Adolfo Llanos Torrico; Germán José Martín Rico Ramallo; Zuzel Salazar Duany; Roberto Carlos Jiménez Fernández
Introduction: publication, as part of scientific and academic communication, is a key element of the ethical and moral obligation of every researcher. Our study addresses the factors of interest that general practitioners have in scientific research in first-level public health care centers in the municipality of El Alto. Objective: determine the factors of interest that general practitioners have in scientific research in first-level public health care centers in the municipality of El Alto, department of La Paz, Bolivia. Methods: it is a qualitative, descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study, under a non-experimental design. The universe consisted of 3,520 general practitioners in the department of La Paz, 103 general practitioners agreed to participate as a sample of the research, and who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results and discussion: 68 % of the doctors are between 31 and 40 years old. 46,6 % graduated from a university abroad, however it had no impact on the research process. 62,1 % of all doctors have an academic degree at the bachelor's level. The majority of doctors after graduating do not continue with higher professional training studies. 80,6 % did not publish scientific articles. 41,7 % indicate that they do not carry out scientific research because there is no institutional support. Conclusions: the majority of doctors who participated in our study are relatively young – adults. Regardless of the school they graduate from, it has no impact on the research processes. Their academic degree is a bachelor's degree, followed by diplomas and none with a doctorate. After graduating, they do not continue with higher or postgraduate studies. The vast majority of doctors do not publish any research articles. Based on these results, it is necessary to implement strategies that encourage the development of research in general practitioners at the first level of care
Gamification in personal health management: a focus on mobile apps
(Grupo de Investigación “Nodo Educativo” / Red Universitaria de Tecnología Educativa (RUTE), 2024) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; José Alejandro Carías Díaz; Óscar Vedia; Sara Milca Robles-Nina; Carlos Sánchez Escalante; Blas Apaza-Huanca
This review article explores the concept and applications of gamification in personal health management, with a focus on mobile apps. Gamification is the use of game elements and techniques in non-game contexts to motivate and engage users in achieving certain goals or behaviors. Gamification has been applied to various domains of health, such as wellness, diet, exercise, chronic disease management, and mental health. The article discusses the benefits and challenges of gamification for health, as well as the theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence that support its effectiveness.
Improvements in functionality and quality of life after aquatic therapy in stroke survivors
(2023) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Nayra Condori-Villca; Isaura Oberson Santander; Luis Mariano Tecuatl Gómez; Laura Pamela Mamani Manzaneda; Adalid Rimer Condo-Gutierrez; Ariel Sosa Remón; Blas Apaza-Huanca; José Alejandro Carías Díaz; Amira Guisel Lopez-Quispe
The paper discusses the vital importance of water in living beings and its application in hydrotherapy for the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Water is highlighted as an essential molecule for life, support of metabolic reactions, transport of substances, and important reactant in metabolic processes. Hydrotherapy, significantly developed by Kneipp, uses the mechanical and thermal properties of water for therapeutic purposes, taking advantage of its capacity as a rehabilitative medium in patients with various conditions, including those affected by stroke. The physiology of stroke is described, being a major cause of mortality and disability, and how water exercises can improve the functional capacity and quality of life of these patients. Hydrotherapy is presented as a beneficial therapeutic option, based on the unique properties of water, for the treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients, highlighting its potential to improve the mobility and quality of life of those affected.
Interactive formats: considerations for scientific publications
(2023) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; José Alejandro Carías Díaz; Óscar Vedia; Sara Milca Robles-Nina; Carlos Sánchez Escalante; Blas Apaza-Huanca
Introduction: in the digital age, information retrieval is dominated by digital data and the demand for digital media is continually growing, consequently the dynamics are very different and e-journals can take advantage of this transition phase as an opportunity to explore ways more effective.Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out in the main databases and other search services. The terms “interactive formats”, “data visualization”, “interactive graphics”, “scientific publication” were used as search descriptors.Results: an interactive publication could contain many multimedia objects: text, video, audio, bitmap images, spreadsheets, presentation graphics, or animation sequences. These objects can be in different file formats. Interactive media can be defined as the integration of various digital media content, including multimedia elements (text, graphics, audio, animation and video) into structured and engaging computerized digital content, facilitating dynamic interaction for specific purposes. An interactive approach is interesting and desirable, because users will get dynamic reactions. They have been revealed and demonstrated that the use of 3D technology for academic publications is useful and necessary. However, widespread application is yet to come. The new academic contexts can serve as a starting point for many scientific journals to redefine their position and open new fields of dissemination and financing.Conclusions: scientific journals must take advantage of the new virtual scenarios to reorganize their communication processes and face new formats of scientific dissemination
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding nutrition among students of the School of Public Health - Tekove Katu in Bolivia
(2025) Paola Kattya Barrientos Lujan; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Iris Ingrid Carrillo-Campos; Benito Aguirre-Cruz; Delly Espejo-Alanoca; Rodolfo R. Rosales; Lisbet Carolay Cordova Mamani; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez
Introduction: Food is an essential component in the socio-cultural and economic context of communities. In Bolivia, malnutrition and food security problems are prevalent, especially in indigenous communities. The "Tekove Katu" Health School is an ideal setting for the implementation of nutritional education programs, given its intercultural approach and the potential impact on the food practices of students and their communities.Methods: Study design: Descriptive, cross-sectional observational study in students from indigenous communities during the month of February - December 2023. Universe and sample: 100% of students enrolled in 2023 were included. Exclusion criteria: Not wanting to participate in the research Not attending during the days in which the questionnaire was applied. Procedure: The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.Results and discussion: The results indicated that 82.55% of the participants expressed an appropriate conceptualization of healthy eating; However, a significant dissonance was evident between theoretical understanding and eating behaviors. Consumption patterns characterized by a dichotomy between the recognition of nutritional principles (91.86% expressed interest in healthy eating) and suboptimal eating practices (95.38% consumption of sweets, 83.07% consumption of hamburgers).Conclusions: At the "TEKOVE KATU" Health School, there is a predominance of the female gender and a higher concentration of students in the age range of 17 to 19 years. The parents of the students have a low educational level, and most of the students live with more than four people. A positive attitude towards the interest in eating healthily is highlighted, although a preference for foods rich in fats, refined sugars and sodium is also observed, despite recognizing that these are unhealthy. A large majority of students receive limited and unreliable information on food and nutrition, which highlights the need for a more solid nutritional education. It is clear that, in the absence of nutritional education and healthy eating programs, students do not have a solid foundation to consolidate healthy eating habits, which constitutes a public health problem with implications for morbidity and mortality, quality of life, health expenditure and an increase in chronic non-communicable diseases
mHealth in health systems: barriers to implementation
(2022) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; José Alejandro Carías Díaz; Óscar Vedia; Sara Milca Robles-Nina; Carlos Sánchez Escalante; Blas Apaza-Huanca
The implementation of mobile health or mHealth in health systems is subject to a number of challenges that are the subject of analysis by the scientific community. In this review, aspects such as interoperability with existing systems, the need for policies and regulatory frameworks, and adaptation to different local and national realities are discussed. The main barriers focus on the acceptability of this mode of care, scaling and sustainability, technological and knowledge barriers, and integration with existing systems. The article highlights the importance of overcoming these barriers to take advantage of the potential of mHealth in improving people's health and well-being. These limitations must be addressed so that mHealth does not represent a gap, instead of an alternative in equitable access to health services
Nursing care in the mental health of an underserved population in San Juan de Lurigancho
(2024) Antony Paul Espíritu-Martínez; R. Jiménez Rosales; Blas Apaza-Huanca
Mental health worldwide was in crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, facing situations that compromised their lives and that of their families. In response, people showed negative factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Therefore, the research objective is to determine the nursing care in the mental health of an underserved population in San Juan de Lurigancho. This is a quantitative, descriptive-cross-sectional study, with 480 participants who answered a survey with sociodemographic data and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale. The results show that 39.8% had normal depression, 13.5% mild depression, 27.1% moderate depression, 4.8% severe depression, and 14.8% extremely severe depression. In conclusion, coping strategies must be implemented for young people and adults, allowing them to maintain their mental health in the face of risky situations that compromise their lives and that of their families.