Browsing by Autor "Bruno Condori"

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A low‐cost <scp>IoT</scp> network to monitor microclimate variables in ecosystems
(Wiley, 2023) François Rebaudo; Titouan Soulard; Bruno Condori; Reinaldo Quispe‐Tarqui; Paul‐André Calatayud; Soledad Chavez Vino; Henri E. Z. Tonnang; Lucas Bessière
Abstract Microclimatic and macroclimatic data differ, and microclimatic data are most useful at short time intervals (30‐min scales rather than daily/monthly scales). We developed an end‐to‐end system to acquire such data at a high temporal resolution, transfer them to a server through an Internet of Things network using low‐cost technologies, and make them available with dynamic graphical visualizations and download capabilities. The system has been used for 2 years to monitor environmental variables in contrasting agroecosystems in France, Bolivia and Kenya. It has been proven to be reliable and supports the mismatch between macro‐ and microclimates. This low‐cost Internet of Things system can capture the microclimate in contrasting environments with accuracy comparable to commercial solutions, and great flexibility in data processing. It thus constitutes a possible solution in an academic context and has the potential to be used by a broad audience of scientists interested in capturing environmental variables in real time and at a high temporal frequency.
A quantitative and constraint-specific method to assess the potential impact of new agricultural technology: the case of frost resistant potato for the Altiplano (Peru and Bolivia)
(Elsevier BV, 2003) Robert J. Hijmans; Bruno Condori; R Carrillo; M.J. Kropff
Agroecological and Agronomic Cultural Practices of Quinoa in South America
(2015) Ligia García; Bruno Condori; Carmen Del Castillo
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations identified quinoa as a potential crop to combat global malnutrition. The diversity of its uses and its importance, both cultural and nutritional, make it a principal crop in South America. Bonifacio, Del Castillo et al. and the FAO identify four main groups of quinoa according to the agroecological conditions of the areas where it is grown: valleys, high plains, salt flats, and sea level. These ecotypes have different and specific botanical agronomic and adaptive characteristics. The Andean region is the center of origin of quinoa, more specifically the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes. In terms of its genetic variability, quinoa can be considered as an oligocentric species with its center of origin around Lake Titicaca. Owing to its phenological plasticity and resistance to climate constraints, quinoa is exceptionally adapted to the different arid climates of the Andean region.
Agrophysiological characterisation and parametrisation of Andean tubers: Potato (Solanum sp.), oca (Oxalis tuberosa), isaño (Tropaeolum tuberosum) and papalisa (Ullucus tuberosus)
(Elsevier BV, 2008) Bruno Condori; Pablo Mamani; Rubén Botello; Fernando Patiño; A. Devaux; Jean François Ledent
Bioterritorialidad y biocombustibles: el caso Boliviano
(2023) Jorge León Quiroga Canaviri; Bruno Condori
El objetivo de la investigación es explorar diferentes alternativas de producción de biocombustibles, amparadas en el concepto de bioterritorialidad y aspectos técnico-agronómicos fundamentales, examinando la biomasa residual generada en el agro y variedades oleíferas para su implementación en Bolivia. La producción de biocombustibles puede impulsar la sustitución de combustibles fósiles, generando beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales en regiones con alto potencial en el marco de la bioterritorialidad. Metodológicamente se revisa la bibliográfica de conceptos clave enfocados en el uso y gestión sostenible de recursos biológicos, yendo de lo general a lo particular al estudiar la producción de biodiesel al haberse convertido Bolivia en importador nato de diésel, aspecto que merma sus reservas internacionales. Este concepto ligado a la bioeconomía sostenible impulsa buenas prácticas agrícolas respetuosas del ciclo biológico de especies elegidas, fomentando la sostenibilidad y promoviendo el desarrollo local. Se emplean modelos matemáticos y geográficos bioterritoriales para identificar zonas potenciales y establecer la mejor opción oleífera que pueda implementarse en Bolivia. Se ratifican los preceptos de bioeconomía andeamazónica y se concluye que el biodiesel, enmarcado en la bioterritorialidad, al combinar holísticamente conceptos y actividades puede generar beneficios económicos para las comunidades locales y fomentar actividades complementarias como la ganadería. El estudio de caso incide en la no afectación de la seguridad alimentaria ampliando la frontera agrícola con producción extensiva de especies que afecten los ecosistemas, vinculando aspectos técnicos como suelos, condiciones climáticas y tiempo de maduración de variedades que logren su madurez biológica y potencial productivo, para dar sostenibilidad a la política pública sustitutiva. Se recomiendan aspectos inherentes a la viabilidad de la palma aceitera como alternativa técnica y económicamente factible para producir biodiesel.
Drought impact in the Bolivian Altiplano agriculture associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation using satellite imagery data
(Copernicus Publications, 2021) Claudia Canedo Rosso; Stefan Hochrainer‐Stigler; Georg Ch. Pflug; Bruno Condori; Ronny Berndtsson
Abstract. Drought is a major natural hazard in the Bolivian Altiplano that causes large agricultural losses. However, the drought effect on agriculture varies largely on a local scale due to diverse factors such as climatological and hydrological conditions, sensitivity of crop yield to water stress, and crop phenological stage among others. To improve the knowledge of drought impact on agriculture, this study aims to classify drought severity using vegetation and land surface temperature data, analyse the relationship between drought and climate anomalies, and examine the spatio-temporal variability of drought using vegetation and climate data. Empirical data for drought assessment purposes in this area are scarce and spatially unevenly distributed. Due to these limitations we used vegetation, land surface temperature (LST), precipitation derived from satellite imagery, and gridded air temperature data products. Initially, we tested the performance of satellite precipitation and gridded air temperature data on a local level. Then, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and LST were used to classify drought events associated with past El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. It was found that the most severe drought events generally occur during a positive ENSO phase (El Niño years). In addition, we found that a decrease in vegetation is mainly driven by low precipitation and high temperature, and we identified areas where agricultural losses will be most pronounced under such conditions. The results show that droughts can be monitored using satellite imagery data when ground data are scarce or of poor data quality. The results can be especially beneficial for emergency response operations and for enabling a proactive approach to disaster risk management against droughts.
Drought risk in the Bolivian Altiplano associated with El NiñoSouthern Oscillation using satellite imagery data
(2019) Claudia Canedo Rosso; Stefan Hochrainer‐Stigler; Georg Ch. Pflug; Bruno Condori; Ronny Berndtsson
Abstract. Drought is a major natural hazard in the Bolivian Altiplano that causes large losses to farmers, especially during positive ENSO phases. However, empirical data for drought risk estimation purposes are scarce and spatially uneven distributed. Due to these limitations, similar to many other regions in the world, we tested the performance of satellite imagery data for providing precipitation and temperature data. The results show that droughts can be better predicted using a combination of satellite imagery and ground-based available data. Consequently, the satellite climate data were associated with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in order to evaluate the crop production variability. Moreover, NDVI was used to target specific drought hotspot regions. Furthermore, during positive ENSO phase (El Niño years), a significant decrease in crop yields can be expected and we indicate areas where losses will be most pronounced. The results can be used for emergency response operations and enable a pro-active approach to disaster risk management against droughts. This includes economic-related and risk reduction strategies such as insurance and irrigation.
Early warning and drought risk assessment for the Bolivian Altiplano agriculture using high resolution satellite imagery data
(2018) Claudia Canedo Rosso; Stefan Hochrainer‐Stigler; Georg Ch. Pflug; Bruno Condori; Ronny Berndtsson
Abstract. Implementation of agriculturally related early warning systems is fundamental for the management of droughts. Additionally, risk-based approaches are superior in tackling future drought hazards. Due to data-scarcity in many regions, high resolution satellite imagery data are becoming widely used. Focusing on ENSO warm and cold phases, we employ a risk-based approach for drought assessment in the Bolivian Altiplano using satellite imagery data and application of an early warning system. We use a newly established high resolution satellite dataset and test its accuracy as well as performance to similar (but with less resolution) datasets available for the Bolivian Altiplano. It is shown that during the El Niño years (warm ENSO phase), the result is great difference in risk and crop yield. Furthermore, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be used to target specific hot spots on a very local scale. As a consequence, ENSO early warning forecasts as well as possible magnitudes of crop deficits could be established by the government, including an identification of possible hotspots during the growing season. Our approach therefore should not only help in determining the magnitude of assistance needed for farmers on the local scale but also enable a pro-active approach to disaster risk management against droughts that can include economic-related instruments such as insurance as well as risk reduction instruments such as irrigation.
Efecto del Tipo de Labranza con Tracción Animal en las Características Físicas del Suelo, Conservación de la Humedad y en el Crecimiento y Producción del Cultivo de la Papa
(2016) Pablo Mamani; Rubén Botello; Bruno Condori; Hellen Christtinne Pereira Moya; A. Devaux
El estudio se realizó durante la campaña 1995-96 en la Estación Experimental Toralapa en Bolivia, ubicada a 3,430 m de altitud. Se establecieron dos ensayos, uno sobre las épocas y número de labranzas usando el arado de palo, y el otro evaluando implementos de labranza que comparaban el arado de palo (tradicional) con mejorados, arados reversible y de cincel, todos con tracción animal. En ambos ensayos se buscó determinar el efecto de los tratamientos en la conservación de la humedad en el suelo, en las propiedades físicas del suelo, en la calidad y eficiencia de la labranza y en la producción del cultivo de papa. La humedad del suelo fue evaluada con el método gravimétrico, las propiedades del suelo con el método del "perfil edafológico" y del "perfil cultural", la calidad de las labranzas con observaciones de la superficie arada.La labranza antes de la siembra permite conservar más agua en el suelo en comparación con un suelo sin labranza, debido a que ésta logra romper los microporos de la capa arable. Las condiciones de alta precipitación de la campaña (20% más respecto al promedio histórico) no permitió demostrar claramente las bondades del arado de cincel como acopiador de aguas. El porcentaje de desterronamiento se incrementa cuando las aradas se realizan con más anticipación a la siembra, debido a que las condiciones climáticas y la humedad del suelo favorecen este efecto. El arado reversible logra una mayor incorporación de rastrojo y logra una mayor superficie removida respecto al arado de palo y al arado de Cincel. La rayada y cruzada con arado de cincel demanda más tiempo respecto al arado de palo y al arado reversible. Con tres aradas, el arado de cincel permite una mayor profundidad de aradura respecto al arado reversible y al arado de palo, llegando a raspar el pie de arado y a romperlo en algunos sectores, permitiendo así un enraizamiento más uniforme. Un número de aradas mayor a tres con arado de palo, no repercute en un incremento del rendimiento.Finalmente, no se observaron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento de la papa por efecto de los implementos evaluados a excepción del uso de rastra de aletas.
Efecto Residual de la Fertilización del Cultivo de Papa Sobre el Cultivo de Haba (Vicia faba L) en el Sistema de Rotación
(2016) Bruno Condori; A. Devaux; Pablo Mamani; Juan Ignacio Vallejos; Jorge Blajos
Durante la campaña agrícola 1993-1994, en la Estación Experimental Toralapa en Cochabamba, Bolivia, se evaluó el efecto residual de niveles de fertilización mineral (nitrógeno y fósforo) y de la aplicación de cal viva (Ca(OH)2) en el comportamiento agronómico del haba (Vicia faba L.). Este estudio es la continuación de trabajos iniciados por el Programa de Investigación de la Papa (PROINPA), sobre la fertilización del cultivo de la papa en 1991-1992 y los efectos residuales en los cultivos de rotación como la cebada y el haba. Los análisis de suelos mostraron que el nutriente más afectado por los niveles de fertilización fue el fósforo, con una alta disponibilidad en el suelo en el segundo año de rotación. En cambio, el efecto residual de la aplicación de cal incrementó los valores de pH, calcio, magnesio y la Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico (CIC). Los principales resultados indican que el efecto residual de la cal, independientemente de las dosis aplicadas (10 ó 20t/ha), permiten incrementar los componentes del rendimiento en materia seca de haba: la fitomasa aérea de 49%, la nodulación bacteriana (223%), y el rendimiento en grano seco (46%) con respecto al testigo. Esto demuestra el prolongado efecto residual de la cal y su efecto positivo en la productividad del cultivo de haba. Se determinó también que el cultivo de haba es el segundo cultivo más rentable después de la papa en el sistema de rotación que también incluye la cebada. El valor actualizado neto(VAN) para el sistema de rotación (papa, cebada y haba) muestra que el nivel de 40-80-0 kg/ha de N y P2O5 combinado con 10 t/ha de cal viva es el que proporciona el mayor beneficio con 12,520 Bs/ha.(US$1=Bs 4.65). Se necesita continuar los estudios para establecer dosis óptimas de cal.Aceptado para publicación: julio 1997.
Effects of grazing pressure on plant species composition and water presence on bofedales in the Andes mountain range of Bolivia
(International Mire Conservation Group and International Peat Society, 2018) N. Cochi Machaca; Bruno Condori; Adara Pardo; Fabien Anthelme; Rosa Isela Meneses; C.E. Weeda; Humberto L. Perotto‐Baldivieso; UMR AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz, Bolivia
Bofedales are high-Andean peatland plant communities with high capacity for water retention, which are regarded as oases of biodiversity. These areas have great social and economic value for livestock grazing, which plays an important role in their vegetation dynamics. However, the effects of increased livestock pressure on vegetation composition and surface water have not yet been clarified. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of current grazing practices on bofedal vegetation, species diversity and function. Specifically, the study aimed to (1) quantify carrying capacity and stocking rate in grazed bofedales and (2) quantify the effects of grazing pressure on plant composition and the extents of bare soil and surface water. Biomass and stocking rate estimates for 25 bofedales along the Cordillera Real (Tropical Andes, Bolivia) showed that all bofedales were overgrazed (carrying capacity/stocking rate (CC/SR) <1). Regression analyses showed significant decreases in number of plant species, species dominance, diversity and percent surface water as CC/SR declined (p < 0.05). Bofedales are negatively affected by increased grazing pressure and potentially affected by changes in livestock species. These pressures, combined with land use changes and climate change, could result in long-term negative effects for the ecological functioning and sustainability of bofedales.
List of contributors
(Elsevier BV, 2024) Luan Alberto Andrade; Alessandro Barghini; Alejandro Bonifacio; Renan Campos Chisté; Marney Pascoli Cereda; Doris Chalampuente-Flores; Soledad Chavez; Bruno Condori; Igor Henrique de Lima Costa; Denise Dias da Cruz
Metodología para evaluar el potencial productivo y la dinámica socioecológica de la ganadería en bofedales altoandinos
(2014) N. Cochi; Guillermo Prieto; Olivier Dangles; Abel Eduardo Rojas; C. Ayala; Bruno Condori; José Luis Casazola
High-Andean wetlands (bofedales) provide crucial resources for the inhabitants of the Altiplano, among which pasture for camelid livestock. This resource is particularly vulnerable in the face of Ecologia en Bolivia 49(3): 120-131. Diciembre 2014. ISSN 1605-2528.
Nitrogen Sustains Seed Yield of Quinoa Under Intermediate Drought
(Wiley, 2016) Gabriela Alandia; Sven‐Erik Jacobsen; N.C. Kyvsgaard; Bruno Condori; Fulai Liu
Abstract Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a promising crop for food security in dry areas. Studies have been conducted to define nitrogen (N) fertilization levels and to understand the responses of quinoa to drought, but little is known about the response of this crop to N fertilization under drought stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether N fertilization could improve quinoa yield and physiology under limited water. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with quinoa grown at four N fertilization levels (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g N pot −1 ) and two watering treatments (progressive drought and full irrigation; 10 and 98 % of pot water holding capacity, respectively). Results of this experiment showed that N may confer a certain degree of drought tolerance to quinoa as seed quality and yield of N‐fertilized plants were not affected by drought stress. Responses such as faster stomatal closure, reduced leaf water potential, higher leaf abscisic acid ( ABA ) concentration and particularly an improved N remobilization in N‐fertilized plants may have played a role in sustaining seed yield in the drought‐stressed treatment. These results under controlled conditions serve as a basis to elucidate drought tolerance mechanisms activated with N fertilization and to define the use of N in management practices under semi‐arid environments.
Obstacles to integrated pest management adoption in developing countries
(National Academy of Sciences, 2014) Soroush Parsa; Stephen Morse; Alejandro Bonifacio; T. Chancellor; Bruno Condori; Verónica Crespo‐Pérez; S. L. A. Hobbs; Jürgen Kroschel; Malick N. Ba; François Rebaudo
Despite its theoretical prominence and sound principles, integrated pest management (IPM) continues to suffer from anemic adoption rates in developing countries. To shed light on the reasons, we surveyed the opinions of a large and diverse pool of IPM professionals and practitioners from 96 countries by using structured concept mapping. The first phase of this method elicited 413 open-ended responses on perceived obstacles to IPM. Analysis of responses revealed 51 unique statements on obstacles, the most frequent of which was "insufficient training and technical support to farmers." Cluster analyses, based on participant opinions, grouped these unique statements into six themes: research weaknesses, outreach weaknesses, IPM weaknesses, farmer weaknesses, pesticide industry interference, and weak adoption incentives. Subsequently, 163 participants rated the obstacles expressed in the 51 unique statements according to importance and remediation difficulty. Respondents from developing countries and high-income countries rated the obstacles differently. As a group, developing-country respondents rated "IPM requires collective action within a farming community" as their top obstacle to IPM adoption. Respondents from high-income countries prioritized instead the "shortage of well-qualified IPM experts and extensionists." Differential prioritization was also evident among developing-country regions, and when obstacle statements were grouped into themes. Results highlighted the need to improve the participation of stakeholders from developing countries in the IPM adoption debate, and also to situate the debate within specific regional contexts.
Quantifying the expression of potato genetic diversity in the high Andes through growth analysis and modeling
(Elsevier BV, 2010) Bruno Condori; Robert J. Hijmans; Roberto Quiroz; Jean-François Ledent
Soil Salinity Mapping of Plowed Agriculture Lands Combining Radar Sentinel-1 and Optical Sentinel-2 with Topographic Data in Machine Learning Models
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2024) Diego Tola; Frédéric Satgé; Ramiro Pillco Zolá; Humberto Sainz; Bruno Condori; Roberto Miranda; Elizabeth Yujra; Jorge Molina‐Carpio; Renaud Hostache; Raúl Espinoza-Villar
This study assesses the relative performance of Sentinel-1 and -2 and their combination with topographic information for plow agricultural land soil salinity mapping. A learning database made of 255 soil samples’ electrical conductivity (EC) along with corresponding radar (R), optical (O), and topographic (T) information derived from Sentinel-2 (S2), Sentinel-1 (S1), and the SRTM digital elevation model, respectively, was used to train four machine learning models (Decision tree—DT, Random Forest—RF, Gradient Boosting—GB, Extreme Gradient Boosting—XGB). Each model was separately trained/validated for four scenarios based on four combinations of R, O, and T (R, O, R+O, R+O+T), with and without feature selection. The Recursive Feature Elimination with k-fold cross validation (RFEcv 10-fold) and the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) were used for the feature selection process to minimize multicollinearity by selecting the most relevant features. The most reliable salinity estimates are obtained for the R+O+T scenario, considering the feature selection process, with R2 of 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, and 0.76 for DT, GB, RF, and XGB, respectively. Conversely, models based on R information led to unreliable soil salinity estimates due to the saturation of the C-band signal in plowed lands.
Traditional uses, processes, and markets of native potatoes (Solanum spp.)
(Elsevier BV, 2024) Bruno Condori; Juan Pablo Rodríguez; Soledad Chavez; Félix Marza; Marten Sørensen
Traditional uses, processes, and markets: the case of oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina)
(Elsevier BV, 2024) Nelly Judith Paredes Andrade; Bruno Condori; Marten Sørensen