Browsing by Autor "Carlos Cartes"

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    Riots and Subways: a Relationship Moderated by the Neighborhood’s Income Level
    (Research Square (United States), 2021) Carlos Cartes; Kenzo Asahi; Rodrigo Fernández
    Abstract Social disturbances due to socioeconomic and political factors were present in the media during 2019, including places like France, Hong Kong, Chile, Nigeria, Sudan, Haiti, and Lebanon. In October 2019, Chile saw massive demonstrations in the capital city of Santiago. As a result, the cost of damage to infrastructure during the first month of unrest is estimated at US$ 4.6 billion, and the cost to the Chilean economy was about US$ 3 billion, 1.1% of its Gross Domestic Product. This study aims to analyze how the topology of the public transport network affected the locations of the 2019 riots in Santiago. On average, we find a clear association between proximity to the subway network and riot density. This association is significant only in neighborhoods with residents in the highest and lowest income quartiles. When analyzing social unrest and the critical role of public transport, policymakers should consider the crucial role of income in the previous relationship.
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    The transition to explosive solitons and the destruction of invariant tori
    (De Gruyter Open, 2012) Jaime Cisternas; Orazio Descalzi; Carlos Cartes
    Abstract We investigate the transition to explosive dissipative solitons and the destruction of invariant tori in the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation in the regime of anomalous linear dispersion as a function of the distance from linear onset. Using Poncaré sections, we sequentially find fixed points, quasiperiodicity (two incommesurate frequencies), frequency locking, two torus-doubling bifurcations (from a torus to a 2-fold torus and from a 2-fold torus to a 4-fold torus), the destruction of a 4-fold torus leading to non-explosive chaos, and finally explosive solitons. A narrow window, in which a 3-fold torus appears, is also observed inside the chaotic region.