Browsing by Autor "Carlos Gantiva"

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Construcción y validación del Repositorio de Expresiones Faciales Emocionales Colombianas
(CIG Media Group, 2020) Sofía Zapata-Orozco; José Zapata-González; Carlos Gantiva; Paola Suárez-Pico; Mauricio Barrera-Valencia; Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Phenotypic traits affect the response to emotional faces. In Colombia, an image bank of emotional faces has not been built and validated. The objective of this study was to build and validate a bank of photographs of Colombian emotional faces (joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise and neutral expression/rest), through a methodology similar to that used in the design of other banks of emotional expressions. The study was carried out with 80 participants (43 women), to whom each of the 70 emotional expressions of the Repository of Colombian Emotional Facial Expressions (REFEC) was presented. From previous studies in this field, the percentage of correctness and the Fleiss kappa coefficient (degree of agreement between evaluators) were taken as validity indices. Additionally, reaction time was measured as an index of cognitive demand for the recognition of emotional expression. The results show a percentage of correctness higher than that of other stimulus banks of emotional expressions and a good / excellent concordance index (similar to that of other instruments). Together, the results suggest that REFEC is a valid image bank of emotional facial expressions for use in the Colombian population.
Dispositional mindfulness is associated with less cognitive fusion and better effortful control in young people: The mediating role of repetitive negative thinking
(Konrad Lorenz Fundación Universitaria, 2022) Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto; Ignacio Montorio; Carlos Gantiva; Manuel Froufe; Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
Introduction: The scientific community is taking an increasing interest in mindfulness due to its positive association with physical and psychological health indicators. However, there is still ongoing debate as to whether there could be other explanations for these effects. Aim: This study explores the relationships between dispositional mindfulness, cognitive fusion, effortful control and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). RNT was chosen as a potential mediating variable due to its presence in multiple psychological disorders. Method: A mediation analysis was performed using the bootstrap method with 5000 replications on data collected from a non-clinical sample of 415 young adults who completed a battery of online questionnaires. Results: Dispositional mindfulness is negatively associated with measures of RNT, effortful control and cognitive fusion. The analyses indicate that the effect that dispositional mindfulness has on cognitive fusion in young people can be partially mediated with medium effect size by RNT. Conclusion: RNT may play a central role as an underlying process in the link between mindfulness and different psychological aspects.
Efecto de la empatía sobre el procesamiento cortical temprano y tardío de rostros
(2020) Carlos Gantiva; Jenny Ricaurte; Andrés Zarabanda; Luz Calderón; Karen Castillo; Katherine Ortiz
antecedentes: La empata depende, en gran medida, de la capacidad de procesar las emociones que son expresadas en el rostro de la otra persona. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las diferencias en el curso del tiempo del procesamiento cognitivo de rostros con expresiones de alegra, neutras e ira en personas con baja y alta empata. Mtodo: El estudio se llev a cabo con 60 participantes distribuidos en dos grupos (baja y alta empata), los cuales observaron rostros con expresiones de alegra, neutras e ira mientras se registraba los potenciales relacionados a eventos P100, N170 y LPP, como indicadores de la atencin temprana, codificacin del estmulo como un rostro humano y activacin y enganche atencional. resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos en el componente P100. El potencial N170 fue mayor en el grupo con alta empata y el LPP fue mayor ante expresiones de ira en el grupo con baja empata. conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la empata no tiene un efecto en la respuesta de atencin temprana hacia los rostros, pero s aumenta el reconocimiento del estmulo como un rostro humano y que las personas con baja empata tienen mayor enganche atencional ante expresiones de ira.
Effects of health-related packaging cues and individual factors on attention to front-of-pack warning labels: An eye-tracking study among young Colombian consumers
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Elisa María Cadena; Gastón Ares; Carlos Gantiva
Reacciones musculares faciales ante imágenes con diferente contenido social
(2020) Carlos Gantiva; Rocio Cendales; Maité García Díaz; Yesenia González
La empatía tiene dos componentes, el afectivo y el cognitivo. La empatía afectiva es la capacidad para sintonizarse afectivamente con las emociones que experimentan otras personas. Su medición se ha hecho, tradicionalmente, a través de medidas de auto-reporte, sin embargo, algunos estudios de población latinoamericana han utilizado medidas fisiológicas de la empatía afectiva. Adicionalmente, se ha planteado la hipótesis de que las personas expuestas a contenido gráfico violento (ej., conflicto armado) pueden estar desensibilizadas hacia este tipo de estímulos. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad de los músculos cigomático y corrugador ante imágenes con diferente contenido social, con el fin de establecer la validez de estas medidas fisiológicas como indicadores objetivos de empatía afectiva. Se registró la actividad electromiográfica de estos músculos faciales en 60 sujetos (30 con alta y 30 con baja empatía afectiva), mientras observaban imágenes con contenido social positivo, neutral y negativo. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes con alta empatía afectiva respondieron con mayor actividad del músculo cigomático ante imágenes sociales positivas y con mayor actividad del músculo corrugador ante imágenes sociales negativas, en comparación con los participantes con baja empatía afectiva. También se encontró una relación positiva y significativa entre los puntajes en la escala de preocupación empática y la actividad de los músculos cigomático y corrugador ante imágenes positivas y negativas, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que la actividad electromiográfica de los músculos faciales es un indicador objetivo de empatía afectiva y se recomienda utilizarlo para aumentar la validez de los estudios en este campo. No se encontró evidencia de desensibilización ante estímulos sociales aversivos en esta muestra.
Reacciones musculares faciales ante imágenes con diferente contenido social. Un índice fisiológico de empatía afectiva
(2020) Carlos Gantiva; Rocio Cendales; Maité García Díaz; Yesenia González
Empathy has two components, the affective and the cognitive component. Affective empathy is the ability to emotionally tune into the emotions that other people experience. Its measurement has been done, traditionally, through self-report measures, however, there are some studies in Latin American population that have used physiological measures of affective empathy. Additionally, it has been hypothesized that people exposed to violent graphic content (e.g., armed conflict) may be desensitized to this type of stimulus. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the activity of the zygomatic and corrugator muscles to pictures with different social content, in order to establish the validity of these physiological measures as objective indicators of affective empathy. The electromyographic activity of these facial muscles was recorded in 60 subjects (30 with high affective empathy and 30 with low affective empathy), while observing pictures with positive, neutral and negative social content of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The results showed that the participants with high affective empathy responded with greater zygomatic muscle activity to positive social pictures ( F 2,96 = 5.93, p = .01, η p 2 = .11) and with greater corrugator muscle activity to negative social pictures ( F 2,96 = 4.85, p = .02, η p 2 = .09), in comparison with participants with low affective empathy. The correlation and regression analyzes show a positive and significant relationship between the scores in the empathic concern scale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the activity of the zygomatic muscle to positive social pictures (β = .39, R 2 = .15, t = 3.00, p = .004), and the corrugator muscle activity to negative social pictures (β = .27, R 2 = .07, t = 1.99, p = .05). The results suggest that the electromyographic activity of the facial muscles is an objective indicator of affective empathy. The increase in the activity of the zygomatic and corrugator muscles in people with high affective empathy, when they observe stimuli with different social content, can be supported by the mirror neuron system and the theory of simulation as an explanatory mechanism of empathy. The mirror neuron system is composed of a complex network of visual areas in the occipital, parietal and temporal regions and two predominantly motor regions, which interact to generate movements similar to those observed, in this case the facial expressions of the stimuli. This response in facial mimicry induces affective states similar to those observed, which leads to a response of affective empathy. Finally, the results of the present study do not support the hypothesis of a desensitization in the participants to negative social stimuli due to the fact of being Colombian, because independently of the level of affective empathy, all of them responded with greater activity of the corrugator muscle to negative social pictures in comparison with neutral and positive pictures. However, as shown in the results, this response was significantly higher in participants with high affective empathy. This result cannot be generalized to the entire Colombian population, given the small size of the sample and its origin. Overall, the results suggest that responses of the zygomatic and corrugator muscles to stimuli with different social content are reliable indicators of affective empathy, and can be used as physiological markers of this kind of empathy in neuroscience and psychophysiology research. No evidence of desensitization was found toward aversive social stimuli in this sample.
Systematic review of cognitive and behavioral strategies used in effective harm reduction interventions for people who use cocaine
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Carolina Pinzón-Gómez; Juan Pablo Langlade; Carlos Gantiva
This review underscores the significance of incorporating cognitive and behavioral strategies within harm reduction interventions, as they represent a promising domain that could enhance the effectiveness of addressing cocaine use.
Yellow Warnings Labels on Top are More Effective to Discourage Smoking Initiation: An Experimental Online Study
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Carlos Gantiva; Catalina Mejia-Orjuela
Background The key to controlling tobacco use lies in preventing new smokers. Graphic health warnings (GHW) discourage smoking initiation, but their effectiveness depends, in part, on their design.