Browsing by Autor "Carlos Roberto Appoloni"

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    Non-destructive analysis of a pre-hispanic basketry collection from La Paz, Bolivia
    (State University of Londrina, 2020) Fábio Luiz Melquíades; Juan Carlos Duque Villanueva; Fábio Henrique Lopes; Jorge Lisme; Eduardo Inocente Jussiani; Carlos Roberto Appoloni
    Pre-Hispanic basketry is scarce and at present, there are few analytical studies on these objects. This study presents an analytical investigation of a collection of ancient baskets from Museo Nacional de Etnografía y Folklore (MUSEF), La Paz, Bolivia employing portable X-ray Fluorescence and portable Raman Spectroscopy. The analyses were performed in situ with non-invasive and non-destructive methods. The chemical elements K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Sr were identified in all the samples. The principal component analysis tends to separate the basket pieces in two groups: one of them is related to stylistic shape of the Middle Horizon, Titicaca Lake basin, and the other was inconclusive. This was the first time that tinctures used in Andean pre-Hispanic basketry from the MUSEF collection were chemically evaluated and the results added historical and archaeological context to the objects.
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    X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulation for quantitative characterization of Bolivian <scp>pre‐Hispanic</scp> golden artefacts
    (Wiley, 2020) Fábio Luiz Melquíades; Sandro Vinícius Sales dos Santos; Fábio Henrique Lopes; Juan Carlos Duque Villanueva; Jorge L. Ticona; Carlos Roberto Appoloni
    The quantification of archaeological artefacts with X‐ray Fluorescence is quite complex because it demands some calibration procedure. It is also rather more challenging when the customization of the portable equipment for in situ measurements is required. The objective of this study was to introduce a quantitative method by performing a calibration curve for a ternary gold alloy (Au, Ag and Cu). Fast Monte Carlo simulation combined with in situ portable XRF (pXRF) measurements in order to circumvent the calibration requirement using standard reference materials was used. Measurements with a laboratory‐made equipment were taken from a set of 16 pre‐hispanic gold alloy artefacts of a collection from the Museo Nacional de Etnografia y Folklore, La Paz, Bolivia. The spectra simulation was conducted with the XMI‐MSIM software.The results demonstrated that the combined use of pXRF measurements and spectra simulation via Monte Carlo is a feasible method for gold alloy quantification. In the examined samples, the Cu content was below 5 % and for Au it ranged from 13 to 100 % . Moreover, some peculiarities of the artefacts archaeological context were discussed.