Browsing by Autor "Carmelo Peralta Rivero"

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Impacto de la ganadería sobre la vegetación, emisiones y captura de carbono en el Chaco Boliviano
(National Institute of Research for Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock, 2025) Carmelo Peralta Rivero; Miguel Ángel Beltrán-Santoyo; Néstor Cuellar-Álvarez; Gregorio Álvarez-Fuentes
El ecosistema de la región del Chaco de Bolivia se encuentra en una situación frágil para realizar actividades productivas, una de las causas es el sobrepastoreo, que limita su desarrollo sustentable. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto ambiental de la ganadería semi intensiva (GSI) y extensiva (GE) en el municipio de Macharetí, en el Chaco, Bolivia. La evaluación se realizó utilizando dieciséis indicadores ambientales en ambos sistemas de producción ganadera, fueron comparados mediante un análisis de varianza para un diseño completamente al azar y pruebas de medias múltiple (P<0.05). La GSI tiene una mayor población bovina y mayor producción de leche, debido a un mejor manejo, también tiene mayor cantidad de especies vegetales; sin embargo, comparte con la GE el 90 % de ellas; la GSI muestra impacto ambiental menor, donde la generación de gases de efecto invernadero y degradación de la vegetación nativa y del suelo también es menor. En general la GSI presenta mayor cantidad de carbono (71.1 t C/ha) en sus distintos reservorios en comparación con la GE (60.7 t C/ha) (P<0.05). El tipo de manejo de la ganadería es un factor determinante en la regeneración de la vegetación natural de las especies forrajeras, sobre todo por el tipo de pastoreo que se realiza en esta región.
Tasas de cambios de coberturas de suelo y deforestación (1986-2011) en el municipio de Riberalta, Amazonía boliviana
(2015) Carmelo Peralta Rivero; Juan Carlos Torrico-Albino; Vincent Antoine Vos; María Guadalupe Galindo Mendoza; Carlos Contreras Servín
Whole Chloroplast Genomes reveals the uniqueness of Bolivian native cacao ( <i>Theobroma cacao</i> ) from the northern part of Bolivia
(2021) Márcia Gumiel; OM Rollano-Peñaloza; Carmelo Peralta Rivero; Leslie Tejeda; Vera Palma; Preston Cartagena; Patricia Mollinedo; JM Peñarrieta
ABSTRACT We report the complete chloroplast sequences of two varieties of Theobroma cacao collected in the Bolivian Amazonia using Next-Generation Sequencing. Comparisons made between these two chloroplast genomes and the Belizean reference plastid genome identified 19 and 22 nucleotide variants. The phylogenetic analysis reported three main T. cacao clades belonging to the Forastero, Criollo and Trinitario groups. The Bolivian Native Cacao varieties were located inside the Trinitario group forming their unique branch. The Bolivian Native Cacao branch reveals a possible new subpopulation different from the well-characterized T. cacao subpopulations. The phylogenetic trees showed that the relationships among the T. cacao varieties were consistent with their geographical locations placing the Cacao Center of Origin in Western Amazon. The data presented here will contribute to the usage of ultrabarcoding to distinguish different T. cacao varieties and to identify native cacaos from introduced cacaos. Thus helping in the conservation of local native varieties of T. cacao .
WHY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CDM AND REDD IS DIFFICULT IN THE BOLIVIAN AMAZON? A CASE OF STUDY IN A MUNICIPALITY OF NORTHERN BOLIVIAN AMAZON
(2015) Carmelo Peralta Rivero; María Guadalupe Galindo Mendoza; Vincent Antoine Vos; Carlos Contreras Servín
Currently, many hopes are put on projects related to ‘Clean Development Mechanism’ (CDM) as well as ‘Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation’ (REDD), with regard to possible benefits they might offer for the mitigation of climate change. This study seeks to contribute to the debates pertaining to the potentials and deficits of different alternatives. Landsat Images for the years 1986, 2000 and 2011 were used to analyze land cover changes in the municipality of Riberalta in the Bolivian Amazon, in order to identify areas with a potential for CDM and REDD projects. Furthermore, 138 interviews were carried out with peasant, indigenous and urban population in the municipality to evaluate their perception and knowledge regarding forest valuation, CDM and REDD projects. The results illustrate that a total of 4.3% of the municipal area are available for reforestation activities, but only 0.58% of this area can be considered under CDM projects. Moreover, it was identified that 74.03% of the municipal surface could be used for REDD projects. However, there is still a considerable lack of knowledge within the local population with regard to these projects as well as the issue of climate change. Despite this, local population highly values forest resources and in particular non-timber forest products (NTFP). It was concluded that there is considerable potential for CDM and REDD project in the municipality, but their application requires capacity-building and coordination of efforts with local population in order to guarantee the success of a possible implementation.