Browsing by Autor "Carmen Julia Salvatierra-Rocha"

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Asymptomatic multiorgan cysticercosis. A case report from Bolivia
(2025) Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; Jennifer Collazo Cruz; Yamila Cruz Cruz; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Benito Aguirre-Cruz; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Carmen Julia Salvatierra-Rocha
Introduction: Cysticercosis is an infectious disease caused by Taenia solium, endemic to Latin America, Asia, and Africa. It is acquired by consuming Taenia eggs in contaminated water and food, or undercooked pork. It generally causes mild or asymptomatic disease, except for neurocysticercosis, which can be severe and potentially fatal. Symptoms depend on the number of parasites, their location, and the host's immune response. Diagnosis is based on epidemiological data, clinical presentation, and imaging studies, primarily computed tomography. Objective: To use computed tomographic images to identify the degree of tissue damage caused by Taenia solium in an asymptomatic Bolivian adult. Clinical case: A 52-year-old Bolivian female patient from a rural area, with a wooden house, dirt floor, no sewage or drinking water, a housewife, who practices open defecation and raises pigs to support her household. She had a personal health history, but an inadequate diet. She was taken to the Roberto Galindo Hospital due to a traffic accident, where an emergency CT scan of the head and abdomen was performed due to direct trauma to those areas. The studies revealed calcifications in multiple organs, findings suggestive of massive cysticercosis. Conclusions: Cysticercosis is a parasitic disease transmitted fecal-orally, preventable but highly contagious from country to country due to social migration. It constitutes a serious health problem due to the biological, economic, and social damage it entails, making increased epidemiological surveillance essential.
Neurological complications in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection at the Japanese Hospital in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
(2025) Carmen Julia Salvatierra-Rocha; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Alejandro Peralta Landívar; Carlos Lá Fuente Zerain; Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; Yamila Cruz Cruz; P. Ussetti Gil; Marco Antonio Gumucio Villarroel; Dulce María Hernández Vázquez
Introduction: Neurological involvement is common among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Between 40 and 60% will develop symptomatic neurological complications with high morbidity and mortality at some point. Objective: To analyze the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV infection who develop neurological complications at the Japanese Hospital of Santa Cruz de la Sierra in the period between March 2019 and February 2022.Methods: Observational, descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study. Universe and Sample: Patients admitted through the Emergency Service of the Japanese Hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease during the period between March 2019 and February 2022Results and discussion: A total of 42 patients were evaluated, the majority of whom were men and had a younger average age. For both sexes, the majority of patients reported having a source of employment. Regarding sexual orientation, almost all women reported being heterosexual, while men were more variable, with the majority being bisexual. Three clinical syndromes were identified at admission. The frequency of focal syndrome was dominant in women, but was not significantly different from the others. In men, meningeal syndrome and focal syndrome were the dominant ones, significantly exceeding non-focal syndrome. Ten neurological complications were identified, cerebral toxoplasmosis was the most frequent, followed by cerebral cryptococcosis and meningeal tuberculosis. Considering all patients in general, their typical hospital stay was 11 days with a range between 2 and 56 days. Of the 42 patients evaluated, it was only possible to measure the CD4 status for 27.Conclusions: The young male population with employment in the city of Santa Cruz with aberrant sexual behavior was the most affected. Focal syndrome was the most frequent form of presentation, in the form of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Severely low levels of immunosuppression were found in the study population. Hospital stay is variable and is longer in cases of focal syndrome and meningeal syndrome. We consider it important to continue the present study, which will allow us to increase the sample size.
Psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy in the Japanese Hospital and the Dr. Mario Ortíz Suárez Children's Hospital of Santa Cruz, Bolivia
(2024) Carmen Julia Salvatierra-Rocha; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; G Yucra; Carla Patricia Bastos-Vargas; Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas; Isaura Santander Oberson; Rebeca Rocio Gomez Rosales
Introduction: Epilepsy is an important neurological disease characterized by stigma, high psychiatric comorbidity, and considerable economic costs. Globally, it is ranked as the second most serious neurological disorder in terms of disability-adjusted life years. In Bolivia, no epidemiological studies have been carried out on psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy in this context. Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic variables, identify the most frequent psychiatric disorders and determine the association between these disorders and the type of epilepsy, in patients with epilepsy treated in outpatient clinics in tertiary hospitals in Santa Cruz.Methods: This study is observational, descriptive, analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional and multicenter. The study population included all patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy seen in an outpatient Neurology clinic, with a concurrent diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. A non-probabilistic sample was used to collect data, which was obtained through the review of medical records and statistical records, using a structured data collection form.Results and discussion: According to the data obtained, an equitable distribution is observed between both sexes. Regarding age, adults predominate followed by children. Regarding education, the majority of participants have primary education, followed by secondary education. The other educational levels (preschool, middle/higher technical, university, and special education) have smaller representations. The relationship between education and age shows that the majority of adults have primary education. Regarding the etiology of epilepsy, the unknown cause predominates, followed by the structural cause and the genetic cause. Regarding the type of epilepsy, the most common is generalized, followed by seal and combined. In psychiatric diagnosis, the most common disorder is mental retardation.Conclusions: The results highlight the high prevalence of mental retardation in its different degrees and depressive disorder among patients with epilepsy. The etiology of epilepsy, the unknown cause predominates, followed by the structural cause and the genetic cause. In psychiatric diagnosis, the most common disorder is mental retardation. More epidemiological studies are required to further evaluate psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy, which could inform better clinical management and intervention strategies.
Puerperal eclampsia in the immediate postoperative period of cesarean section: a critical obstetric emergency
(2025) Laura Pamela Mamani Manzaneda; Jose Antonio Uzeda Peredo; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; A. M. Blanco; Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas; Camila Tassoula Egüez-Pereira; Carmen Julia Salvatierra-Rocha; Marlon Carbonell González
Eclampsia is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, characterized by the onset of new-onset seizures (tonic-clonic, focal, or multifocal) in the absence of other identifiable neurological causes. Most cases of eclampsia manifest postpartum, with the first 48 hours being the highest risk period. Recent literature has documented the emergence of atypical forms of eclampsia, in which seizures can occur in the absence of hypertension or proteinuria. The unpredictable nature of these cases makes timely diagnosis and management difficult. A 29-year-old female patient at approximately 40.6 weeks presented to the emergency department with prodromes of labor. An obstetric ultrasound was performed, and given the diagnosis of risk of loss of fetal well-being, an emergency segmental cesarean section was performed. Approximately four hours after the cesarean section, the patient presented two generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Anticonvulsant treatment was administered, a diagnosis of puerperal eclampsia was established, and her transfer to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was coordinated. The therapeutic plan in the ICU included an infusion of phenytoin as an anticonvulsant, antihypertensive management with alpha-methyldopa, hemodynamic support, correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and empirical antibiotic therapy due to suspected urinary tract infection. Her subsequent evolution was favorable, remaining afebrile, hemodynamically stable, and without recurrence of seizures. The unusual presentation of puerperal eclampsia in the immediate postoperative period, in the initial absence of the classic diagnostic criteria of hypertension and proteinuria, is significant and of academic value. This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high level of clinical suspicion for eclampsia in the immediate postpartum period, even without prior criteria for preeclampsia. Early recognition and the timely use of magnesium sulfate are essential to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.