Browsing by Autor "Cinthya Urquidi"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Geographical disparities in adult obesity prevalence: small-area analysis of the Chilean National Health Surveys
(Research Square (United States), 2022) Cinthya Urquidi; Alejandro Sepúlveda-Peñaloza; Francisco Cumsille; Marcela Garrido; Patricia Matus; German Vera
Abstract Background Previous representative health surveys conducted in Chile evidenced a high obesity prevalence rate among adults, especially in female and urban areas. Nevertheless, these have limited utility for targeted interventions and local source allocation for prevention. This study analyzes the increments in adult obesity prevalence rates and the geographic variation at the regional level. We also assessed whether the obesity rates have different patterns on a smaller geographic level than national and regional ones. Methods This ecological study analyzed data from two representative national samples of adults ≥18 years old, who participated in the last Chilean health surveys, 2009 (n=5,412) and 2016 (n=6,233). Obesity (body mass index≥30 Kg/m2) rates were calculated on the national, regional, and Health Service (HS) levels, being HS the smallest unit of analysis available. Obesity rates and relative increase to early identify target populations and geographic areas, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were calculated using the sampling design of the national surveys, at the national and regional level, and by gender, age groups, and socioeconomic status. The Fay-Herriot (FH) models, using auxiliary data, were fitted for obesity rates estimates at the HS level. Results The relative increase of obesity rate was 37.1% (95%CI 23.3-52.9) at the national level, with a heterogeneous geographic distribution at the regional one. Southern Regions had the highest obesity rates in both surveys (Aysén: 35.2%, 95%CI 26.9-43.5 in 2009, 44.3% 95%CI 37-51.7 in 2016), but higher increases were predominantly in the northern and central areas of the country (relative increase 91.1% 95%CI 39.6-110.1 in Valparaiso and 81.6 95%CI 14.4-196.2 in Tarapacá). Obesity rates were higher in females, older age, and lower socioeconomic groups; nevertheless, relative increases were higher in the opposite ones. The Fay-Herriot estimates showed an obesity rates variation at the HS level, where higher rates tend to converge to specific HS areas of each Region. Conclusion Adult obesity rates and relative increase are diverse across subnational levels and substantially differ from the national estimates, highlighting a pattern that converges to areas with medium-low-income households. Our results emphasize geographical disparities in obesity prevalence among adults.
Geographical Variations in Metal Exposure and Its Impact on Metabolic Disorders and Hypertension: An Analysis of Chile's 2016–17 National Health Survey
(2025) Patricia Matus; Alejandro Sepúlveda-Peñaloza; Cinthya Urquidi
<title>Abstract</title> Background Evidence suggests that even low-level exposure to metals may disrupt metabolic pathways, contributing to metabolic disorders. Local environmental factors may modulate these effects, emphasizing the importance of territorial disaggregation. This population-based study evaluated geographic variations in exposure to four metals and their associations with obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension in Chile. Method Data from 3,822 participants in the National Health Survey from 2016 to 2017 were analyzed. Biomarkers included inorganic arsenic, cadmium, mercury in urine, and lead in serum. Metal exposure was classified according to the 50th percentile distribution. Spatial simultaneous autoregressive models accounted for regional disaggregation and spatial dependencies, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and smoking. Analyses were conducted at the national and subnational levels, incorporating sampling weights from the national survey complex design. Results A total of 42.4% of individuals were exposed to arsenic, 13.6% to lead, and 1.7% to mercury and cadmium. Regional analysis revealed elevated arsenic exposure in northern regions (e.g., Arica and Antofagasta), with lead exposure peaking at 29.9%. At the national level, adjusted models revealed no significant associations between metal exposure and metabolic disorders. However, geographical disaggregation revealed that arsenic exposure was linked to overweight and obesity across most areas and to diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the northern, southernmost, and central zones. Mercury exposure was associated with all conditions in the central macrozone, whereas cadmium exposure was exclusively linked to diabetes in southern regions. Conclusion These findings underscore critical regional differences in metal and metalloid exposure and metabolic disorders, highlighting the need for geographically targeted public health interventions that consider local environmental and contextual factors. Trial registration Not applicable
Geographical Variations in Metal Exposure and Its Impact on Metabolic Disorders: An Exposome- Based Analysis of Chile's 2016-17 National Health Survey
(2025) Patricia Matus; Alejandro Sepúlveda-Peñaloza; Cinthya Urquidi
<title>Abstract</title> Exposure to metals may disrupt metabolic pathways, contributing to metabolic disorders. Local environmental factors may modulate these effects, emphasizing the importance of territorial disaggregation. This population-based study evaluated geographic variations in exposure to four metals and their associations with obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension in Chile. Data from 3,822 participants in the National Health Survey (2016-17) were analyzed. Biomarkers included inorganic arsenic, cadmium, mercury in urine, and lead in serum. Metal exposure was classified according to the 50th percentile distribution. Spatial simultaneous autoregressive models accounted for territorial disaggregation and spatial dependencies. 42.4% of individuals were exposed to arsenic, 13.6% to lead, and 1.7% to mercury and cadmium. Elevated arsenic exposure was observed in northern areas, with lead exposure peaking at 29.9%. Adjusted models revealed no associations at the national level. Geographical disaggregation revealed that arsenic exposure was linked to obesity across most areas and to diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the northern and central zones. Mercury was associated with all conditions in the central macrozone, whereas cadmium exposure was linked to diabetes in the southern. These findings underscore critical regional differences in metal exposure and metabolic disorders, highlighting the need for geographically targeted public health interventions considering contextual factors.
Salutogénesis de la alimentación en chile: actores involucrados y brechas detectadas
(2020) Sofía Sutherland; Eliana Reyes; G. Sarrat; Emilio González; Cinthya Urquidi
Objetivos: Conocer los principales actores involucrados y las brechas detectadas en el proceso de aprendizaje alimentario de una población adulta urbana en Santiago de Chile. Materiales y métodos: De una muestra de 100 beneficiarios de un CESFAM, se incluyó a quienes tuvieran un alto Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS). Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, las cuales fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas de manera textual y analizadas mediante la Teoría Fundamentada. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 16 personas con IAS alto, en su mayoría mujeres. Los principales actores del proceso de aprendizaje alimentario resultan ser los padres, las experiencias adquiridas en el trabajo y la consulta con el profesional nutricionista. Se detectó una brecha de educación alimentaria entre la población general y el equipo de nutricionistas en contextos de atención primaria de salud. Conclusiones: Los padres, los contextos laborales y la consulta con el nutricionista son las principales influencias en el proceso de aprendizaje alimentario. También fueron identificados tres grupos poblacionales (adolescentes femeninas, madres y niños), como poblaciones carentes de intervención nutricional de carácter educativo-preventivo por nutricionistas en el contexto de la atención primaria de salud en Chile, situación que podría perpetuar y mantener los malos hábitos de alimentación de la población general.
Tendências em vasectomia e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis no Chile: resultados de bases de dados robustas
(LA Referencia, 2024) Daniela Toledo; Cinthya Urquidi; Alejandro Sepúlveda-Peñaloza; Rodrigo Leyton
A controversy about the increase or decline of vasectomy is emerging; however, the evidence is still scarce in Latin America. This ecological study analyzed the vasectomy and sexual transmitted diseases (STD) trends over a period of 10 years in Chile and determined if there is any relationship between them. We conducted a mixed ecological study using secondary and representative data on the number of vasectomies and STD cases from 2008 to 2017. Vasectomy rates were calculated for age-specific groups of men aged 20-59 years, and specific STD (HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis) for the same period. Multivariate negative binomial regression models were fitted to evaluate rate trends and relationships. The mean vasectomy age was 40.3 years, with no significant differences between the years of the study (p = 0.058). The overall vasectomy rate significantly increased from 2008 to 2017 (p < 0.001), with differences between age groups (p < 0.001). The most significant increase was observed in men aged 30-49 (p < 0.001). The STD rates significantly increased (p < 0.05) during the study period. A significant positive correlation was found between vasectomy and gonorrhea incidence rates (p = 0.008) and an inverse correlation was found with hepatitis B incidence rates (p = 0.002). Vasectomy trends and STD rates significantly increased from 2018 to 2017 in Chile. especially among men aged 30-49 years. The relationship between vasectomy and STD increments suggests a new risk factor for reproductive and sexual health policies to aid controlling the HIV and STD epidemic.
The Chilean exposome-based system for ecosystems project: Protocol for the development of an informatics platform for national data integration
(Research Square (United States), 2024) Patricia Matus; Alejandro Sepúlveda-Peñaloza; Keneth Page; Claudia Rodríguez; Marcela Cárcamo; Francisco Bustamante; Marcela Garrido; Cinthya Urquidi
Abstract The double burden of diseases and scarce resources in developing countries highlight the need to change conceptualization of health problems and development of translational research. Contrary to the traditional paradigm focused on genetics, the exposome approach proposed in 2005 that complements the genome is an innovative theory. It involves a holistic approach to understanding the complexity of the interactions between the human being’s environment throughout their life and health. Herein, we have describe the conceptual model and technological system development of the Chilean exposome-based system for ecosystems (CHiESS). It is an intelligent and dynamic system for human exposome research, which leverages available administrative data routinely collected by national agencies, in clinical records, and by biobanks. Based on the ecological theory and one-health ecosystem approach, CHiESS considers a multilevel exposure for exposome operationalization, including the ecosystem, community, population, and individual levels. CHiESS will include four consecutive stages for development into an informatic platform: 1) environmental data integration and harmonization system, 2) clinical and omics data integration, 3) advanced analytical algorithm development, and 4) visualization interface development and targeted population-based cohort recruitment. The ChiESS platform aims to integrate and harmonize available secondary administrative data and provide a complete geospatial mapping of the external exposome. Additionally, it aims to analyze complex interactions between environmental stressors of the ecosystem and molecular processes of the human being and their effect on human health. Moreover, by identifying exosome-based hotspots, CHiESS allows the targeted and efficient recruitment of population-based cohorts for translational research and impact evaluation.