Browsing by Autor "Claudia Rivera Casanovas"

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Archaeological Bolivian maize genomes suggest Inca cultural expansion augmented maize diversity in South America
(2025) Huan Chen; Amy Baetsen-Young; Addie Thompson; Brad Day; Thelma F. Madzima; Sally Wasef; Claudia Rivera Casanovas; William A. Lovis; Gabriel Wróbel
Abstract Previous archaeological and anthropological studies have demonstrated the myriad of ways that cultural and political systems shape access to food and food preferences. However, few studies have conducted a biocultural analysis linking specific genotypic/phenotypic traits as evidence of cultural selection in ancient contexts. Here, we provide insight into this topic through ancient genome data from Bolivia dating to ∼500 BP, included as an offering with the mummified remains of a young girl, including 16 archaeological maize samples spanning at least 5,000 years of evolution, and 226 modern maize samples. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the archaeological Bolivian maize (aBM) has the closest genetic distance to the archaeological maize from ancient Peru, which in turn shared the most similarities with archaeological Peruvian maize. With the increased presence of the Inca state in the central Andes and its interactions with local agricultural traditions, genetic diversity of maize increased. The ovule development process was selected from modern maize and was compared to archaeological maize; where it indicates the breeding programs aimed at enhancing seed quality and yield in modern maize. Our study provides insights into the complex biocultural role that Inca Empire expansion, including its economic, symbolic and religious cultural practices, may have had in driving the expansion of maize diversity in South America.
Author response: Fifteenth century CE Bolivian maize reveals genetic affinities with ancient Peruvian maize
(2025) Huan Chen; Amy Baetsen-Young; Addie Thompson; Brad Day; Thelma F. Madzima; Sally Wasef; Claudia Rivera Casanovas; William A. Lovis; Gabriel Wróbel
Genomic evidence from 15th-century Bolivian maize reveals similarity to Central Andean maize from Peru, and pre-Inca and Inca-era breeding that enhanced maize development through selection within Andean agricultural networks.
CAZADORES RECOLECTORES DEL PERIODO ARCAICO EN LOS VALLES Y SERRANÍAS DE LA REGIÓN DE SAN LUCAS, CHUQUISACA, BOLIVIA
(University of Tarapacá, 2011) Claudia Rivera Casanovas; Sergio Calla Maldonado
La arqueologa del perodo Arcaico en Bolivia se ha centrado principalmente en las tierras altas del Altiplano. Sin embargo, nuevos estudios en regiones de valles y tierras bajas muestran la presencia de poblaciones arcaicas no conocidas previamente. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados obtenidos a partir de una prospeccin regional en la regin de San Lucas, sur de Bolivia. Se exploran las caractersticas de los patrones de asentamiento, la tecnologa a partir del anlisis de los conjuntos artefactuales y se plantea una cronologa preliminar para las ocupaciones
Early human foraging paleoecology in the highlands of Potosí, Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2024) José M. Capriles; Juan Albarracín-Jordán; Sergio Calla Maldonado; Claudia Rivera Casanovas
For centuries the Cerro Rico of Potosí in the South American Andes has been known as the richest silver mine in the world but also as a notoriously challenging place for human habitation due to its extreme elevation. Nevertheless, little is known about the temporal depth and socioecological dynamics associated with the initial occupation of this region. In this paper, we present an archaeological and paleoecological assessment of the earliest human peopling of Potosí and the eastern south-central Andes. Systematic surveys in two neighboring regions complemented by test excavations, artifact analysis, and radiocarbon dating revealed evidence of foraging occupations dating to the Early Holocene as well as by agropastoralist communities during the Late Holocene. Local paleoenvironmental records suggest that periods of increased humidity might have fostered ecological productivity that incentivized settlement in this high elevation setting. The nature of the occupations and associated technological organization is consistent with findings from sites elsewhere in the arid Andes.
Fifteenth century CE Bolivian maize reveals genetic affinities with ancient Peruvian maize
(eLife Sciences Publications Ltd, 2025) Huan Chen; Amy Baetsen-Young; Addie Thompson; Brad Day; Thelma F. Madzima; Sally Wasef; Claudia Rivera Casanovas; William A. Lovis; Gabriel Wróbel
Previous archaeological and anthropological studies have demonstrated the myriad of ways that cultural and political systems shape access to food and food preferences. However, few studies have conducted a biocultural analysis linking specific genotypic/phenotypic traits as evidence of cultural selection in ancient contexts. Here, we provide insight into this topic through ancient genome data from Bolivian maize dating to ~500–600 BP, included as an offering with the mummified remains of a young girl. These data are compared to 16 previously published archaeological maize samples spanning at least 5000 years of evolution, and 226 modern maize samples. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the archaeological Bolivian maize (aBM) has the closest genetic distance to the archaeological maize from ancient Peru, which in turn shared the most similarities with archaeological Peruvian maize. During the period of interaction between the Inca state and local polities in the central Andes and consequent interactions with local agricultural traditions, the genetic diversity of maize increased. Ovule development in modern maize was selected and compared to those in archaeological specimens, revealing evidence of targeted breeding strategies aimed at improving seed quality and yield. While the cultural origin of the maize – either Inca or local Aymara – is uncertain, we demonstrate that the samples are most similar to Peruvian maize and potential targeted selection strategies for enhanced growth were well established by the 15 th century.
Fifteenth century CE Bolivian maize reveals genetic affinities with ancient Peruvian maize
(eLife Sciences Publications Ltd, 2025) Huan Chen; Amy Baetsen-Young; Addie Thompson; Brad Day; Thelma F. Madzima; Sally Wasef; Claudia Rivera Casanovas; William A. Lovis; Gabriel Wróbel
Previous archaeological and anthropological studies have demonstrated the myriad of ways that cultural and political systems shape access to food and food preferences. However, few studies have conducted a biocultural analysis linking specific genotypic/phenotypic traits as evidence of cultural selection in ancient contexts. Here, we provide insight into this topic through ancient genome data from Bolivian maize dating to ~500-600 BP, included as an offering with the mummified remains of a young girl. These data are compared to 16 previously published archaeological maize samples spanning at least 5000 years of evolution, and 226 modern maize samples. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the archaeological Bolivian maize (aBM) has the closest genetic distance to the archaeological maize from ancient Peru, which in turn shared the most similarities with archaeological Peruvian maize. During the period of interaction between the Inca state and local polities in the central Andes and consequent interactions with local agricultural traditions, the genetic diversity of maize increased. Ovule development in modern maize was selected and compared to those in archaeological specimens, revealing evidence of targeted breeding strategies aimed at improving seed quality and yield. While the cultural origin of the maize - either Inca or local Aymara - is uncertain, we demonstrate that the samples are most similar to Peruvian maize and potential targeted selection strategies for enhanced growth were well established by the 15<sup>th</sup> century.
Fifteenth century CE Bolivian maize reveals genetic affinities with ancient Peruvian maize
(2025) Huan Chen; Amy Baetsen-Young; Addie Thompson; Brad Day; Thelma F. Madzima; Sally Wasef; Claudia Rivera Casanovas; William A. Lovis; Gabriel Wróbel
Abstract Previous archaeological and anthropological studies have demonstrated the myriad of ways that cultural and political systems shape access to food and food preferences. However, few studies have conducted a biocultural analysis linking specific genotypic/phenotypic traits as evidence of cultural selection in ancient contexts. Here, we provide insight into this topic through ancient genome data from Bolivian maize dating to ∼500-600 BP, included as an offering with the mummified remains of a young girl. These data are compared to 16 previously published archaeological maize samples spanning at least 5,000 years of evolution, and 226 modern maize samples. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the archaeological Bolivian maize (aBM) has the closest genetic distance to the archaeological maize from ancient Peru, which in turn shared the most similarities with archaeological Peruvian maize. During the period of interaction between the Inca state and local polities in the central Andes and consequent interactions with local agricultural traditions, the genetic diversity of maize increased. Ovule development in modern maize was selected and compared to those in archaeological specimens, revealing evidence of targeted breeding strategies aimed at improving seed quality and yield. While the cultural origin of the maize – either Inca or local Aymara – is uncertain, we demonstrate that the samples are most similar to Peruvian maize and potential targeted selection strategies for enhanced growth were well established by the 15 th century. Significance Statement Maize has been improved through selective breeding delivering desirable horticultural, agronomic, and cultural characteristics, related to environment, nutrition, etc. Inca culture was closely associated with maize diversity, but there is little evidence to show how and why culture influenced that diversity and modern maize biogeographic patterns in South America. We show that in the 15 th century CE, maize diversity in the central Andes was enhanced through selection for specific traits associated with reproduction. We hypothesize that this may have contributed to maize becoming a staple under the Inca, as happened previously with expanding Tiwanaku interactions and influence during the Middle Horizon.
Fifteenth century CE Bolivian maize reveals genetic affinities with ancient Peruvian maize
(2025) Huan Chen; Amy Baetsen-Young; Addie Thompson; Brad Day; Thelma F. Madzima; Sally Wasef; Claudia Rivera Casanovas; William A. Lovis; Gabriel Wróbel
Previous archaeological and anthropological studies have demonstrated the myriad of ways that cultural and political systems shape access to food and food preferences. However, few studies have conducted a biocultural analysis linking specific genotypic/phenotypic traits as evidence of cultural selection in ancient contexts. Here, we provide insight into this topic through ancient genome data from Bolivian maize dating to ∼500-600 BP, included as an offering with the mummified remains of a young girl. These data are compared to 16 previously published archaeological maize samples spanning at least 5,000 years of evolution, and 226 modern maize samples. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the archaeological Bolivian maize (aBM) has the closest genetic distance to the archaeological maize from ancient Peru, which in turn shared the most similarities with archaeological Peruvian maize. During the period of interaction between the Inca state and local polities in the central Andes and consequent interactions with local agricultural traditions, the genetic diversity of maize increased. Ovule development in modern maize was selected and compared to those in archaeological specimens, revealing evidence of targeted breeding strategies aimed at improving seed quality and yield. While the cultural origin of the maize – either Inca or local Aymara – is uncertain, we demonstrate that the samples are most similar to Peruvian maize and potential targeted selection strategies for enhanced growth were well established by the 15th century.
La misión franco-boliviana «Paleoambiente y Arqueología del río Guaquira-Tiwanaku (Bolivia)»: un estudio multidisciplinario de las interacciones entre las sociedades antiguas y el medioambiente
(Institut Français d'Études Andines, 2018) Marc‐Antoine Vella; Sofía Sejas; Karen Lucero Mamani; Luis Alejandro Rodríguez; Ramiro Bello Gómez; Claudia Rivera Casanovas; José Menacho Céspedes; Jaime Argollo; Stéphane Guédron; Élodie Brisset
La misión franco-boliviana «Paleoambiente y Arqueología del río Guaquira-Tiwanaku» intenta restituir la evolución del paisaje al contacto de una de las culturas más emblemáticas de los Andes. La cultura Tiwanakota se desarrolló en las orillas del Lago Titicaca al final del segundo milenio antes de nuestra era y desapareció entre 1100 y 1200 d. C. tras una sequía que afectó el conjunto del Altiplano. Presentamos aquí la metodología y los trabajos en curso en la cuenca hidrográfica y que permitirán entender mejor las interacciones entre la cultura Tiwanakota y el medioambiente inmediato del sitio arqueológico monumental.
La mission Franco-Bolivienne Paléoenvironnement et Archéologie du Rio Guaquira – Tiwanaku (Bolivie): approche interdisciplinaire des interactions entre les Sociétés Anciennces et l’Environnement
(2017) Marc‐Antoine Vella; Sofía Sejas; Karen Lucero Mamani; Luiz A. Rodrigues; Ramiro Bello Gómez; Claudia Rivera Casanovas; José Menacho Céspedes; Jaime Argollo; Stéphanie Guédron; Élodie Brisset
International audience
Las minas de Oruro en el cruce de la historia y la arqueología
(2017) Pablo Cruz; Florian Téreygeol; Nina Küng; Soledad Fernández; Claudia Rivera Casanovas
Recientes investigaciones llevadas a cabo en la localidad minera de Oruro permitieron confirmar las informaciones brindadas por las fuentes documentales coloniales acerca de la existencia de numerosas explotaciones mineras trabajadas con anterioridad al arribo de los españoles. Asimismo, en proximidad de las antiguas minas prehispánicas se registraron los testimonios de 11 estructuras de combustión metalúrgicas, en su mayoría del tipo wayra o wayrachina. La antigüedad prehispánica y colonial temprana del asiento minero de Oruro se confirma por el registro de varios sitios de habitación ubicados en proximidad de las minas con fragmentos cerámicos de tradiciones Tiwanaku, estilos típicos del período Intermedio Tardío, probablemente Soras o Carangas y sus variantes tardías e inka. A la luz de los nuevos datos arqueológicos, articulados con las informaciones proporcionadas por las fuentes documentales, en particular el informe de Felipe de Godoy (1607), trataremos aquí sobre la producción de plata en este asiento minero en tiempos prehispánicos y primeros momentos de la Colonia, centrándonos tanto en aspectos tecnológicos como sociales.
LOS MUSEOS Y SU ROL COMO DIFUSORES DEL PASADO PREHISPÁNICO EN BOLIVIA: UN ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN
(University of Tarapacá, 2019) Claudia Rivera Casanovas
Bolivia es un pas con un rico y diverso pasado prehispnico. Las investigaciones arqueolgicas realizadas en las ltimas dcadas, as como trabajos etnogrficos y etnohistricos, han ampliado en gran medida los conocimientos sobre las sociedades prehispnicas, sus trayectorias histricas regionales, sus formas de organizacin y de subsistencia, adems de sus aspectos ideolgicos y de cultura material. La informacin arqueolgica sobre distintas regiones del pas ha permitido construir secuencias y procesos que enriquecen en gran medida las historias locales y regionales. La difusin de este conocimiento debiera llegar a distintas audiencias de varias formas, siendo los museos espacios privilegiados para este propsito. Este trabajo est centrado en entender cmo la informacin arqueolgica producida en mbitos acadmicos y de investigacin se incorpora dentro de las exposiciones y actividades en distintos museos nacionales, universitarios, municipales, regionales, comunitarios y otros. Al mismo tiempo, explora los probables grados de impacto y aceptacin en el pblico general. En particular, se evala si los museos cumplen un rol significativo, contribuyendo a la formacin de un imaginario colectivo sobre el pasado prehispnico a distintas escalas.
Registro, documentación e interpretación del arte rupestre. Una propuesta básica para estudiantes: el Seminario Taller de la SIARB
(Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, 2021) Matthias Strecker; Pilar Abreu e Lima; Claudia Rivera Casanovas; Freddy Taboada
Los estudios de arte rupestre juegan un rol cada vez mayor dentro de los proyectos de investigación arqueológica. Se nota un incremento en los registros nacionales de sitios de pinturas y grabados rupestres, una siempre mayor aplicación de nuevas técnicas en su documentación, análisis empleando métodos de arqueometría, numerosos encuentros de especialistas en la temática, así como publicaciones especializadas. A pesar de todos estos avances, se advierte una falta de programas especializados en arte rupestre en el currículum académico de distintas universidades con programas de enseñanza e investigación relacionados con esta temática. En este artículo presentamos y explicamos el programa del Seminario Taller Introducción al Estudio del Arte Rupestre, organizado por la Sociedad de Investigación del Arte Rupestre de Bolivia (SIARB), dirigido a estudiantes de Arqueología, Antropología y otras carreras (Artes, Historia, Turismo). Este programa hace énfasis en el registro y la documentación de sitios de arte rupestre con simples métodos adecuados para principiantes en la materia; asimismo, se incide en la conservación del arte rupestre, la clasificación e interpretación de los sitios y sus manifestaciones rupestres.
TERESA GISBERT Y LA ARQUEOLOGÍA ANDINA
(University of Tarapacá, 2018) Claudia Rivera Casanovas
Textiles Qaraqara prehispánicos en las regiones de Yura y Carma, Potosí, Bolivia: Tecnología, iconografía y género
(2014) Claudia Rivera Casanovas
Este trabajo presenta información novedosa sobre un conjunto de textiles prehispánicos obtenidos por los investigadores Pedro Vignale y Dick Ibarra Grasso en las regiones de Yura y Carma, Potosí, Bolivia, durante sus pesquisas arqueológicas a inicios de la década de 1940. Aunque ellos fueron descritos de manera general, nunca se procedió a realizar un estudio de los mismos. En esta ocasión presento los resultados de un análisis detallado de estos objetos, su correlación con información arqueológica que permite explorar aspectos sobre el posible género de sus portadores y las relaciones iconográficas y de interacción que se desprenden a partir de ellos.