Browsing by Autor "Claudia Sanchez-Solis"

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Bridging the energy gap: A Global South perspective on achieving universal access through energy sufficiency
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Claudia Sanchez-Solis; Sergio Balderrama; Giacomo Crevani; Nicolò Stevanato; Sylvain Quoilin
Electricity Demand Forecasting for Rural Communities in Developing Countries: Calibrating a Stochastic Model for the Bolivian Case
(2023) Claudia Sanchez-Solis; Pietro Di Betta; Nicolò Stevanato; Sergio Balderrama; Emanuela Colombo; Sylvain Quoilin
The world crusade to close the electrification gap is coming to an end in most regions of the world. In recent years the research in the area has concentrated on the development of planning methods to minimise the cost of implementation. Although successful, the lack of focus on the complex dynamics that govern electricity demand lead to over/under-sizing of technical solutions resulting in waste of resources and missed developing opportunities. In this sense, this paper aims to propose an electricity demand model for rural communities in Bolivia, based on an open-source bottom-up stochastic tool for load profile computation. The “energy sufficiency” concept is used to ensure that people’s basic needs for energy are met in all the analysed cases. Information from various sources, such as on-site surveys, databases and national reports were used to characterise the main geographical areas in Bolivia and the relative specific categories of users. Specific load curves generated with the model were used as inputs in a micro-grid sizing tool and the results were compared with an approach using a demand analysis in less detail. Main results show that the model obtained is capable of generating stochastic demand curves for single or multiple rural communities according to contextual particularities. Notably, the geographic location and the socioeconomic characteristics have a significant impact in the peak loads and the total demand. Considering small industries as an income generating activity can increase in the peak load by about 45%, consequently, there is an economic impact when investing in the solution.
Evaluación del costo de electrificación rural en Bolivia para alcanzar el ODS 7
(2021) Miguel Fernández Fuentes; Evelyn Cardozo; Jaime Zambrana Vargas; Gabriela Peña; Sergio Balderrama; Claudia Sanchez-Solis; Alejandro Vázquez Soto; Sylvain Quoilin
El presente estudio cuantifica el desafío que supone el logro del objetivo 7 del desarrollo sostenible: Acceso a energía asequible y no contaminante (SDG7) en Bolivia. La solución planteada por el proyecto estima el costo total de provisión de energía eléctrica en todas las poblaciones de Bolivia, considerando factores socioeconómicos relevantes al realizar la planificación de la cobertura total para el país. El proyecto tiene dos etapas: la primera consiste en la recolección de datos y análisis de la demanda, así como de la percepción/visión de las poblaciones con relación en el uso de la energía; la segunda se centra en el análisis de la información y en la generación de resultados. La recolección de datos de campo que contemplan la demanda energética y el comportamiento en el uso y consumo de la energía se realizó en las comunidades de Raqaypampa (Cochabamba) y El Sena (Pando). Las mismas complementaron información obtenida con anterioridad de El Espino (Santa Cruz) y Toconao (Altiplano frontera con Chile). El Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales (INCISO), ENERGÉTICA y el Centro de Investigaciones en Energía (CIE), con la información recabada y los datos de indicadores del SDSN, estructuraron la composición estándar de una comunidad rural en Bolivia. Con esta información, el programa de generación de curvas de demanda RAMP simuló las demandas para poblaciones en las zonas bajas y altas de Bolivia, contrastando luego con diferentes tecnologías de electrificación; así se calculó el costo más eficiente de las soluciones encontradas. Finalmente, el costo para electrificar de manera total la población boliviana fue estimado y, en particular para electrificar al 100% de la población aislada y dispersa que alcanza a 587 millones de dólares, dando cobertura a 273 286 familias rurales.
Evaluación numérica de diferentes alternativas de energías renovables en Raqaypampa
(European Organization for Nuclear Research, 2019) Rober Mamani; Claudia Sanchez-Solis; Evelyn Cardozo; Patrick Hendrick
Este trabajo presenta la energía eólica y solar como dos alternativas para la generación eléctrica en la Autonomía Indígena Originaria Campesina de Raqaypampa, a partir de la necesidad de los pobladores por conocer sus potencialidades energéticas. La evaluación del potencial eólico y solar se realiza mediante datos de reanálisis (MERRA-2) y modelos de numéricos predicción meteorológica (WRF-ARW). La identificación de las zonas con potencial energético partió por observaciones de los pobladores y que fueron corroborados mediante simulaciones numéricas. Uno de los sitios presento un alto potencial eólico y solar, con velocidades viento de hasta 8 m/s y radiación solar de hasta 1130 W/m 2 . Los resultados de esta investigación abren las puertas a la universidad de generar conocimiento desde una visión de desarrollo inclusivo.
Open-source model applied for techno-economic optimization of a hybrid solar PV biogas-based polygeneration plant: The case of a dairy farmers’ association in central Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2023) J. Villarroel-Schneider; Sergio Balderrama; Claudia Sanchez-Solis; Evelyn Cardozo; Anders Malmquist; Andrew R. Martin
Proper sizing of energy systems is a key aspect that allows avoiding overestimated installation costs or failures in operation and dispatch. However, most of the available sizing tools focus on systems dedicated only to electrical loads, omitting combined energy systems with simultaneous supply of various thermal demands. This study presents an adaptation of an existing open access techno-economic optimization model for broadening the design tool for small-scale energy systems supplying both, electrical and thermal needs. For this, a new typology of an energy system was proposed considering the use of biogas, solar energy and adding thermal components. This was followed by modifying the model framework, constraints equations and objective function, which is the net present cost of the system. Once the design tool was verified a model was constructed to analyse the feasibility of a polygeneration plant for an association of 30 small dairy farms. The developed model was able to optimize the sizing of the main system components for different proposed scenarios, encompassing supply of electricity, refrigeration, biogas for cooking and fertilizers. For the selected application it was found that the aggregated cost of producing electricity and heat ranges from 0.044 to 0.070 USD/kWh; the penetration of solar energy can reach up to 32%; while the annual potential savings of CO2 emissions of applying the solution ranges from 109 to 127 ton of CO2.
Swarm electrification for Raqaypampa: Impact of different battery control setpoints on energy sharing in interconnected solar homes systems
(Elsevier BV, 2024) Ida Fuchs; Claudia Sanchez-Solis; Sergio Balderrama; Govert Valkenburg
In rural electrification, decentralized systems have proven to bring fast, affordable, and sustainable electricity supply for the last mile of energy access. Especially, solar home systems (SHS) have lately increased in number and impact. Recently, a new concept promises even better utilization of SHS and the potential for higher access to electricity. This concept is found under the name of swarm electrification, also known as interconnected SHS, nanogrids, or decentralized DC systems in rural areas. This paper studies the benefits of such interconnected SHS for a case study in the indigenous rural Highlands of Bolivia, an area called Raqaypampa. Our study emphasizes analyzing the energy sharing setpoints for the decentralized battery control and how the choice of these values influences energy distribution in the community. We draw concepts of energy justice into our discussion to evaluate different combinations of battery state of charge setpoints. Our study finds four types of households in Raqaypampa based on their demand for electricity. The modeled and simulated results of a potential energy sharing through interconnected SHS reveal three outcomes for the households based on the battery state of charge setpoints: Outcome I - Improving households, Outcome II - Depending households, and Outcome III - Deteriorating households. We conclude that a common approach of e.g. minimization of total unmet demand alone will not necessarily lead to just energy distribution, and it is crucial to integrate discussions about justice and community goals into the design process from the beginning. • A real case study of electricity access from Bolivian Highlands • Electricity demand study, modelling and clustering in four household types • A multi-model simulation of energy sharing between interconnected SHS • Energy sharing outcomes vary with battery control setpoints • Energy justice discussion of outcomes for individuals and community.