Browsing by Autor "Claudio Rosales"

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Changes of taxonomic and trophic structure of fish assemblages along an environmental gradient in the Upper Beni watershed (Bolivia)
(Wiley, 2006) Marc Pouilly; Silvia Eugenia Barrera Berdugo; Claudio Rosales
The distribution and the diet of 28 fish species were evaluated, during the dry season, in 12 streams of the Upper Beni watershed (Amazon basin, Bolivia). The 12 streams were of similar size (stream width and water depth) but situated on a gradient of altitude in the Andean and sub‐Andean areas. The environmental conditions in the stream changed in relation to the altitude. As altitude decreased, slope and water velocity also decreased, while temperature, conductivity, pH and the proportion of pools increased. Although the diets of the species were mainly based on two aquatic autochthonous food resources, invertebrates and sediment, species were classified into five trophic guilds: detritivores, algivores, piscivores, invertivores‐omnivores and aquatic specialist invertivores. In all streams invertivores dominated or co‐dominated with detritivores. The trophic structure of the assemblages, however, changed in relation to the environmental gradient. The fish species richness increased and the trophic composition became more diverse at lower altitudes, when slope decreased and temperature increased. At the same time, the relative number of invertivore species decreased, whereas the relative number of detritivore, algivore and piscivore species increased. Decreasing altitude appeared to play a role similar to increasing stream size along the longitudinal gradient. This could be explained by geomorphological and temperature variations that may generate environmental conditions favourable to an increase of productivity.
COMPARACIÓN DE LAS COMUNIDADES DE MACROINVERTEBRADOS ACUÁTICOS EN RÍOS INTERMITENTES Y PERMANENTES DEL ALTIPLANO BOLIVIANO: IMPLICACIONES PARA EL FUTURO CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
(2009) Nabor Moya; François‐Marie Gibon; Thierry Oberdorff; Claudio Rosales; Eduardo Domínguez
El impacto de la estacionalidad de los ríos sobre las comunidades de macroinvertebrados fue estudiado en ríos de la zona Altoandina de Bolivia, durante la época de transición y época seca del año 2008. En nueve arroyos intermitentes y nueve permanentes se colectaron muestras de macroinvertebrados y parámetros ambientales. A traves de análisis multivariados, se determinaron relaciones entre variables biológicas (según riqueza, abundancia, composición trófica y rasgos biológicos) con las variables ambientales. La estacionalidad no tuvo efecto significativo sobre la riqueza ni densidad de macroinvertebrados, tampoco se encontraron efectos notorios sobre la composición trófica ni los rasgos biológicos (tipo de respiración), pero sí encontramos diferencias significativas en la composición taxonómica, especialmente en la proporción de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera y Trichoptera (EPT); asimismo, encontramos que existen otras variables ambientales como la profundidad, solidos disueltos y pH que tienen mayor efecto que la intermitencia en la riqueza y densidad total. De acuerdo a datos climáticos de la región Andina de Bolivia se sabe que en el futuro habrá una disminución del agua, incluso la desecación temporal en varios ríos de la zona, esto debido a la disminución de los glaciares. De esta manera, el futuro cambio climático reflejado a través de la estacionalidad de los ríos, tendrá mayor efecto en los cambios de la estructura taxonómica que en la estructura funcional, lo que indica que probablemente tendrá implicaciones más fuertes en la conservación de taxa que en la composición de los rasgos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados.
Comparison of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities from intermittent and perennial bolivian headwater andean streams: implications for future climate change
(2009) Nabor Moya; François‐Marie Gibon; Thierry Oberdorff; Claudio Rosales; Eduardo Domı́nguez
Dietary–morphological relationships in a fish assemblage of the Bolivian Amazonian floodplain
(Wiley, 2003) Marc Pouilly; Faviany Lino; J.‐G. Bretenoux; Claudio Rosales
Morphological correlates of diet were examined in 48 species of freshwater fishes from floodplain lakes in the central part of the Mamoré River (Bolivian Amazon). The species were classified, according to the percentage occurrence of seven food items, into eight broad trophic categories: mud feeders, algivores, herbivores, terrestrial invertivores and omnivores, carnivores, zooplanktivores, aquatic invertivores and piscivores. There were significant relationships between the diet and morphology of the fishes even when the effect of taxonomical relatedness between species was eliminated. Relative gut length was the main morphological variable used to order species on a carnivore to mud feeder gradient. Standard length and head and mouth size were the morphological variables most closely associated with prey size. Mud feeder, algivore and piscivore species appeared as the most dietary and morphologically specialized. These results support both the hypotheses that species morphology influences the diet and that morphological similarity is conserved even in comparison with taxonomically unrelated species.
ESTRUCTURA DE MACROINVERTEBRADOS ACUÁTICOS EN UN RÍO ALTOANDINO DE LA CORDILLERA REAL, BOLIVIA: VARIACIÓN ANUAL Y LONGITUDINAL EN RELACIÓN A FACTORES AMBIENTALES
(2008) Carlos I. Molina; François‐Marie Gibon; Julio Pinto; Claudio Rosales
Este trabajo describe la estructura de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en un río altoandino de la cuenca amazónica boliviana. Se describe la variación anual y longitudinal en relación a factores ambientales. Este río libre de influencias antropogénicas, presenta una baja heterogeneidad longitudinal pero importantes variaciones de flujo. Además, como muchos ríos altoandinos, está alimentado y consecuentemente regulado por un glacial (Mururata). Este fenómeno decrece y está amenazado por la desaparición de los glaciales tropicales a causa del calentamiento global. Los efectos de la fauna podrían ser drásticos. Nuestros resultados muestran una baja riqueza de taxa de macroinvertebrados que sin embargo son abundantes, especialmente aquellas poblaciones que son permanentes: Baetidae (Andesiops peruvianus), Leptophlebiidae (Meridialaris tintinnabula), Gripopterygidae (Claudioperla tigrina), Simuliidae, Chironomidae y Oligochaeta. Mediante herramientas estadísticas de análisis multivariado, demostramos que la densidad y la riqueza de las poblaciones de macroinvertebrados están influenciadas por las variaciones de descarga hidráulica.
Trophic structure of fish assemblages from Mamoré River floodplain lakes (Bolivia)
(Wiley, 2004) Marc Pouilly; Takayuki Yunoki; Claudio Rosales; Leigh G. Torres
Abstract – The fish assemblage of the floodplain of the Mamoré River (Bolivia) was estimated in eight lakes, corresponding to four habitat types, situated on an environmental gradient related to the river distance: lakes situated near the river, in the forested floodplain, at the floodplain edge and lakes isolated in the savanna. This paper documents the diet of 71 fish species (among the 140 recorded) and compares the taxonomic and trophic structure of fish assemblages between four lake types. The diet analysis was conducted to determine five trophic guilds: algivores/iliophages, herbivores, zooplanktivores, invertivores and piscivores. The taxonomic and trophic structures of the fish assemblages were not similar in the different lake types of the Mamoré River. The trophic structure of assemblages showed a coarse pattern of dominance of algivores/iliophages and invertivores, but different situations were observed in relative abundance of the trophic groups in relation to the spatial position of the lakes (except for piscivores). Lakes close to the river appeared more favourable to the microphages (algivores/iliophages, zooplanktivores) although remote lakes appeared more favourable to the macrophages (invertivores, herbivores). These results support the general idea that fish distribution follows a pattern linked to the ecology of the species, and related to environmental characteristics of the lakes.