Browsing by Autor "Dilma Villca-Villca"

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Characterization of ophthalmological manifestations in patients recovered from COVID-19
(2025) Kirenia Sera Herrero; Dayami Pérez Gómez; L. Castedo; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; José Bernardo Antezana-Muñoz; Dilma Villca-Villca; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez
Introduction: Since the end of 2019, the world has been immersed in a health crisis caused by COVID-19, with millions of deaths globally. Ocular involvement is associated with respiratory symptoms and may be the first manifestation of the disease. Objective: To describe the short- and long-term ophthalmological manifestations in patients recovered from COVID-19. Methodological design: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out. The universe was composed of patients recovered from COVID-19, who were being followed up in the national convalescent care protocol at the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, and were referred to the Ophthalmology clinic from February 2021 to June 2023. The sample consisted of 180 eyes of 90 patients, who met the selection criteria. Results: There was a predominance of the age group composed of women between 40 and 49 years, which represented 34% of the total. Most cases (65.5%) were evaluated less than 3 months after the initial diagnosis. 25.5% of patients presented at least one ocular disease, with conjunctivitis being the most frequent (26.5%), followed by dry eye (18.3%). Conclusions: In the evolutionary follow-up, a decrease in ocular diseases initially diagnosed as conjunctivitis was observed, however, others such as dry eye remained unchanged in their percentage of presentation and clinical manifestations. Patients evaluated with a shorter time of evolution of COVID-19 presented more severe ocular conditions
Management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder at the Escuela Hospital, Honduras
(2025) D Escalante; G. Lagos; Harlis Estrada Pastrana; Pablo Carías; José Alejandro Carías Díaz; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Dilma Villca-Villca
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune-based nosological entity with inflammatory characteristics that affects the central nervous system: optic nerves, spinal cord and brainstem. Objective: To present a series of clinical cases to briefly review the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Methodology: A retrospective and descriptive analysis was performed on the patients who attended the outpatient clinic of the Teaching Hospital and who have been diagnosed and followed up for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder over the last 20 years. Results: Eight patients (100.0%) were female, ranging in age from 19 to 45 years, with a mean of 32 years. All patients (8) (100.0%) underwent anti-aquapurin 4 antibodies for diagnosis; four (50.0%) had unremarkable brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a disease that requires an accurate diagnosis based on clinical features, anti-aquapurin 4 antibodies, and imaging studies. Treatment may begin with steroids, although in cases where the disease is not controlled, rituximab may be used.
Mountain sickness: physiological challenges, diagnosis and treatment
(2025) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; P. Ussetti Gil; Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Yamila Cruz Cruz; Dilma Villca-Villca; R. Sarmiento
INTRODUCTION. The first descriptions of altitude sickness were made in (1540-1600). Nowadays, different cities in the world are at high altitude, for example Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China occupies an area of almost 2.5 million inhabitants km2, with an average elevation of over 4,500 m. Altitude sickness should be a major concern for anyone who normally resides at sea level. METHOD. A search for information was carried out in the period August-December 2024 in the SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-MedLine databases, the Google Scholar search engine, as well as in the ClinicalKeys services. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2 ) decreases with altitude, which produces progressive tissue hypoxia. The normal compensatory response to hypobaric hypoxia is called acclimatization. Its main characteristic is increased ventilation. The ability to acclimatize varies widely among individuals and depends on many factors, including the degree of hypoxic stress (rate of ascent, altitude reached), the intrinsic ability of the individual to compensate for the decrease in PaO2, and extrinsic factors. Progressive ascent produces greater hypoxic stress, requiring greater degrees of physiological and behavioral adaptations to preserve function. The more rapid the ascent and the higher the altitude, the greater the stress. Below 1500 m, symptoms of high altitude illness are generally not manifest. From approximately 1500 to 2500 m, symptoms are generally mild, if experienced at all. From approximately 2500 m, mild to moderate symptoms become quite common among unacclimatized visitors after a rapid ascent. As a general rule, people who normally reside below 1500 m should avoid an abrupt ascent to altitudes above 2800 m for sleeping. Sedative-hypnotics should be avoided during acclimatization. Abstinence from alcohol is safest
Pentalogy of Cantrell: A challenge in prenatal diagnosis. A case report in Bolivia
(2025) Benito Aguirre-Cruz; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Elizeth Mendoza-Contreras; R. Sarmiento; A. Léon; Delly Espejo-Alanoca; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Dilma Villca-Villca
Introduction. Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of less than one in 100,000 pregnancies. It is characterized by a defect in the abdominal wall at the level of the supraumbilical midline, the lower segment of the sternum, the anterior diaphragm, the diaphragmatic pericardium, and cardiac abnormalities such as ectopia cordis. Few cases of this entity have been reported in the literature in Bolivia. It is a constellation of congenital defects that pose a unique challenge, hence the importance of diagnosis in the prenatal stage. Clinical Case and Discussion. An 18-year-old pregnant woman came to our hospital, was consulted by Gynecology and Obstetrics, and an ultrasound was performed which revealed a defect in the anterior abdominal wall with viscera outside the fetal cavity (liver, heart, stomach and intestinal loops, 24.3 weeks of pregnancy and multiple fetal malformations. A discussion of the case was held with specialists in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics, Genetics, Family Physician, Imaging and Psychology. Taking into account the poor prognosis and the complexity of the anomalies, the patient was told that this could represent a threat and risk for her. At the request of the parents and with prior informed consent, the patient was admitted to the gynecology service, prepared and admitted to the operating room for cesarean section. A female product was obtained, with multiple malformations, a large defect in the anterior thoracoabdominal wall from the navel to the upper third of the body of the sternum, omphalocele. Part of the heart outside the thoracic cavity, presence of a uterine cavity, and a large thoracic cavity. of defects in the diaphragm, liver and intestinal loops outside the abdominal cavity. Conclusions. The case highlights the importance of early prenatal diagnosis, even in settings with limited resources. Despite the lack of access to more complex studies, the appropriate use of ultrasound, combined with the expertise of the operator, allowed this complex congenital malformation to be identified at an early stage. The timely identification of these conditions not only facilitates multidisciplinary counseling for the pregnant woman and her family, but also opens the possibility of making informed decisions, including the option of terminating the pregnancy before the period of viability, if the parents so consider. In severe cases, such as ours, where the prognosis is generally unfavorable, an early diagnosis can better prepare families emotionally and psychologically, as well as allowing them to consider all possible options with due ethical and medical guidance.