Browsing by Autor "Esteban J Foianini Gutierrez"

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    International Female Surgeon Pioneers: Paving the Way for Generations to Come
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Erica Ludi; Monica Vera Zalles; Laurenss Fabiola Villazon Antenzana; Mamta Swaroop; Esteban J Foianini Gutierrez
    Although gender inequalities in surgical residency and leadership positions still exist, many women around the world have made great sacrifices to provide surgical care to patients, and they have paved the way for their female successors. Worldwide, the percentage of female medical students is starting to match, and in some instances, even surpass, the number of male counterparts. Data from 2015 in the US demonstrate females represent almost 48% of medical students enrolled in allopathic medical schools, a 5-fold increase from 9% in 1970. 1 Association of American Medical CollegesThe state of women in academic medicine: the pipeline and pathways to leadership, 2015-2016. https://www.aamc.org/system/files/reports/1/2015table1.pdfDate accessed: December 29, 2019 Google Scholar Additionally, the number of female faculty in medical programs has doubled in the last 3 decades, increasing from 13% to 27%. However, the female surgical workforce continues to be low in high-income countries. In high-income countries, women represent 38% of resident trainees, but only 10% of full professors; this number is predicted to be even lower in low-to-middle–income countries. 2 2019 Clinical Congress NewsShortages in the global surgical workforce exacerbated by gender inequity. https://www.acsccnews.org/shortages-in-the-global-surgical-workforce-exacerbated-by-gender-inequity/Date accessed: December 19, 2019 Google Scholar Women continue to face challenges when electing to pursue a career in surgery, with overt and subtle sexism being prevalent in cultures around the world and at the same time, encountering a paucity of female mentors and role models. This article presents a chronological history of international female pioneers in surgery. It is our distinct desire to show the significant contributions that have been made by women throughout history, despite facing undue hardships and at times, outright discriminations and bias. We also hope to inspire the upcoming generation of women in surgery and those women who are considering pursuing a career in surgery.