Browsing by Autor "Eynar Calle Viles"

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A New Low-Power IoT Telemetry Platform for Stratospheric Balloons Using LoRa and Cloud Integration
(2025) Rodrigo Andres Murillo Murillo; Eynar Calle Viles; Edgar Roberto Ramos Silvestre; Elias Choque Maydana
This article presents the design and implementation of a low-power, long-range telemetry platform for stratospheric balloon applications, based on LoRa wireless communication and IoT protocols. The proposed system consists of three modular components: (1) a Space Station (payload) equipped with sensors (MPU6050 accelerometer/gyroscope, MPL3115A2 barometer, BMM150 magnetometer, and NEO-7M GPS) for real-time environmental and positional monitoring; (2) a Ground Station that receives data via LoRa and transmits it via MQTT to a cloud server; and (3) an Oracle VPS server for data processing, MySQL database storage, and interactive visualization through web-based dashboards. The shield-type modular architecture ensures system scalability and adaptability.Field tests validated the system’s robustness in controlled environments, achieving stable inter-station communication and efficient energy consumption with a 14,000 mAh battery. Sensor integration and data integrity were verified through synchronized measurements, while the cloud dashboard enabled real-time visualization and historical analysis of atmospheric parameters. Key limitations include reliance on terrestrial internet connectivity and pending validation in actual flight conditions. Results demonstrate the platform’s effectiveness for atmospheric research, providing low-latency telemetry with minimal energy consumption.This work highlights the potential synergy between LoRa and MQTT in aerospace IoT applications, offering a scalable and cost-effective framework for academic and industrial use. Future efforts will focus on antenna optimization, flight simulations, and edge computing enhancements to reduce internet dependency.
A Novel Approach to Energy Efficiency Optimization in Hybrid ESP-NOW/LoRa Networks Using Low-Power Strategies
(2025) Luis Enrique Cardozo Ramirez; David Fabian Tavera Gutierrez; Samuel Mafra; Eynar Calle Viles
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are essential in applications such as environmental monitoring and smart agriculture, where they collect and transmit data from remote locations. A key challenge is energy efficiency, especially for battery-powered applications, as it affects network lifetime and maintenance costs. To address this, the design and implementation of a wireless sensor network architecture that combines ESP-NOW and LoRa protocols to create a low-power IoT solution is presented. This hybrid approach leverages the energy efficiency and simplicity of ESP-NOW for short-range local communication between nodes while using LoRa for long-range transmission to the back-end infrastructure (Gateway). The results demonstrate that the proposed architecture offers an efficient and flexible solution compared to traditional architectures based solely on LoRa or WiFi, thanks to the optimized integration of ESP-NOW for the local network and LoRa for long-range transmissions.
A novel IoT system for remote monitoring in geriatric rehabilitation
(2025) Katerin Deysi Vasquez Benito; Eynar Calle Viles; Edgar Roberto Ramos Silvestre; Rommer Alex Ortega Martínez
This paper presents the design, development, and implementation of a geriatric rehabilitation kit consisting of four dynamic stations, aimed at improving the physical and cognitive well-being of older adults through the use of emerging technologies. The system employs specialized sensors, computer vision, interactive games, a web-based video game, and MQTT communication. It operates on an architecture of ESP32 development boards, sensors, and a VPS server for real-time data storage and analysis.Each geriatric station was designed to stimulate specific abilities: motor activity with a pedal board and video game, agility and memory through a cognitive panel, gait cycle rehabilitation with artificial vision, and balance improvement with the stairs and slope monitored by sensors.The results obtained from experimental tests conducted with geriatric patients at a senior care center demonstrated significant improvements in their physical and cognitive performance, as evidenced by the collected metrics and historical chart analysis. The combination of different sensors and their programming facilitates key data collection, optimizing physical therapy processes and promoting active aging. Furthermore, high acceptance was observed among patients and healthcare professionals, who highlighted the motivation the kit generates and the usefulness of remote monitoring. It is concluded that the kit not only promotes active aging but also represents a viable, scalable, and low-cost solution for physical therapy centers.
Advancements in Fourth-Generation Endodontic Apex Locators for Enhanced Precision in Root Canal Treatments
(2024) Facundo Calderon Cavero; Eynar Calle Viles; Mauricio Peredo Claros
This paper presents the comprehensive development and validation of an electronic apex locator designed specifically for endodontic treatments in Cochabamba, Bolivia. The device utilizes advanced impedance measurement techniques to accurately determine the position of dental files within root canals. By integrating cutting-edge electronic technology with specialized dental knowledge, this project aims to significantly enhance the precision and efficiency of root canal treatments in the region. The system incorporates a user-friendly interface, real-time data processing, and multiple output modalities. Extensive experimental results demonstrate high accuracy and repeatability in locating the root apex, validating its potential to substantially improve endodontic procedures and contribute to better oral health outcomes in the local population.
Design and Development of a Podiatric Station Prototype for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Foot
(2025) J Jiménez; Rodrigo Martínez Severich; Eynar Calle Viles; Rommer Alex Ortega Martínez
Diabetic foot is one of the most frequent complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by the development of ulcers, infections, and a high risk of amputation. In Bolivia, approximately 6.5% of the adult population lives with this condition, and progressive foot injuries are common. In response to this problem, a functional prototype of a podiatric station—named PODIATECH—was designed and developed to support early diagnosis through structural and thermal foot analysis. The system comprises two main modules: a structural module that uses a flatbed scanner to capture the plantar footprint and applies the Hernández-Corvo index; and a thermal module that uses infrared imaging to detect temperature differences associated with circulatory alterations. The entire system is managed through a web-based platform that enables patient registration, clinical record consultation, and automated report generation. During preliminary validation, ten participants were evaluated, five of whom had a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes. In four of these cases, temperature differences greater than 2 °C were detected, corresponding to clinically relevant risk zones. No significant alterations were found in healthy participants. These results suggest that the system may serve as an effective tool for early diabetic foot screening. Further clinical trials with a larger sample size are recommended to assess the system’s performance and reliability in real-world settings.
Design and implementation of a control system in an autoclave as an educational tool for biomedical engineering students
(2025) Deybi Maldonado Lopez; Eynar Calle Viles; Elio Denis Machuca Flores; Rommer Alex Ortega-Martinez
This study focused on the design and implementation of an automated control system for a Pelton & Crane model MC autoclave, with the aim of transforming it into a modern and didactic tool for Biomedical Engineering students. The equipment was structurally redesigned, and sensors, actuators, and a graphical user interface were integrated to illustrate the internal operation of the sterilizer in real time. The educational strategy was structured into four sequential stages: (1) identification of components and maintenance practices, (2) animated visualization of the sterilization cycle, (3) demonstration of the water treatment system, and (4) diagnosis of common faults. To validate the academic impact, knowledge surveys were applied before and after the practical experience. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ understanding of sterilization principles and autoclave maintenance. The modified device achieved standard sterilization conditions (121 °C, 205 kPa), and its educational use led to a 94% increase in average student performance on evaluations. Overall, the educational autoclave proved to be an effective tool for reinforcing hands-on learning and enhancing the training of future biomedical engineers.
Design and Implementation of a Didactic Monopolar Electrosurgical Simulator for Biomedical Engineering Education
(2025) Nicolas Nava Angulo; Elías Chávez Jaldín; Rommer Alex Ortega Martínez; Eynar Calle Viles
This work presents the development of a didactic monopolar electrosurgical unit (ESU) simulator, designed as a support tool for the technical training in the handling and basic operation of this medical device within academic environments. The simulator aims to facilitate both theoretical understanding and practical experience of the electrosurgical unit’s operating principles, allowing students to interact with a functional system that replicates its primary modes: cutting and coagulation. The system architecture is based on an ESP32 microcontroller, which generates PWM signals within an adjustable range of 200 kHz to 1 MHz, controlled via rotary encoder potentiometers, and displayed in real time through an LCD screen with I2C interface. The power stage integrates an IRFZ44N MOSFET and a high-frequency transformer, configured to maintain energy levels within safe limits. The activation circuit incorporates 4N25 optocouplers, ensuring electrical isolation between user controls and the power electronics. This simulator is conceived as a formative platform capable of replicating realistic operational scenarios, promoting safe, scalable, and practical learning—particularly suited for biomedical engineering education and related disciplines.
Development of a Satellite Meteorological Image Reception and Decoding System Using Software-Defined Radio
(2024) Eynar Calle Viles; Edgar Roberto Ramos Silvestre; José‐Abel Flores
This scientific paper presents the experimental results obtained from implementing an integrated system for the reception and decoding of meteorological satellite images based on Software Defined Radio (SDR). This system was designed to address the lack of low-cost and accessible climate data for future meteorological and climatological studies. The characteristics of sun-synchronous orbit satellites were analyzed, and the necessary components for the development of the image reception system were identified. Additionally, an efficient database was established to systematically store the acquired image records. Detailed tests verified the efficiency and functionality of the system in receiving and processing satellite data, confirming that the obtained images are comparable to those provided by recognized external services, thus validating the feasibility and utility of the proposed system.
Estimation of Blood Pressure and Glucose through Photoplethysmography and Artificial Intelligence
(2024) James Gonzales; Eynar Calle Viles; Mauricio Peredo Claros
This article presents the development of a system for non-invasive measurement of blood pressure and glucose levels using photoplethysmography (PPG) and machine learning models. The system, called CARDIOPRESS, combines an optical sensor to capture heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) data with machine learning algorithms to predict systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as blood glucose levels. Experimental results demonstrate a good approximation in the prediction of both blood pressure and glucose levels, validating its potential for continuous monitoring of cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Evaluation of A Hybrid Approach Combining Random Forest and XGBoost for Type 2 Diabetes Prediction Using the PIMA Dataset
(2025) Mishel Bravo Almendras; Maria Laura Nuñez Jaillita; Juan Abiel Iriarte Colque; Eynar Calle Viles; Oscar Contreras Carrasco; Germán Rico Ramallo
This study evaluates the performance of three machine learning models in predicting type 2 diabetes, focusing on their accuracy, sensitivity, and generalization capacity. The methodological process was structured into three phases: data preprocessing, model development, and performance evaluation. The widely validated PIMA dataset was used, which includes relevant clinical variables such as body mass index, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure. During preprocessing, the SMOTE algorithm was applied to address class imbalance, significantly improving the detection of positive cases. Three predictive approaches were compared: Random Forest, XGBoost, and a hybrid model based on soft voting between both. The results showed that Random Forest achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 97.0%, followed by XGBoost with 96.4% accuracy. The hybrid model, while matching XGBoost in nearly all metrics, demonstrated greater stability and robustness in its results. These metrics included an accuracy of 96.4%, a recall of 98.0%, F1-score of 96.4%, and AUC-ROC of 99.3% for XGBoost and 99.7% for the hybrid model, while Random Forest reached an F1-score of 97.1% and AUC-ROC of 99.86%. These results surpass those reported in previous research, reinforcing the clinical utility of these algorithms for early diagnostic tasks. As part of the project, an interactive interface was developed for healthcare professionals, allowing the input of medical data and immediate predictions on diabetes risk. This tool, delivered as functional software to the Tuscapujio Hospital Center in Sacaba, Cochabamba, Bolivia, represents a practical and accessible solution to support clinical decision-making in real-world contexts. The study highlights the importance of rigorous preprocessing and proper handling of class imbalance to improve the performance of predictive models in medical applications.
Monitoreo de la Calidad del Agua en Criaderos de Tilapias Mediante Tecnologías Lpwan y VPS
(Latin American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, 2024) Luis Enrique Cardozo Ramirez; Eynar Calle Viles; Remmy Fuentes Telleria; Edgar Roberto Ramos Silvestre; David Fabian Tavera Gutierrez
La acuicultura cuenta con sistemas de monitoreo de calidad del agua tradicionales, que recurren al control de los parámetros fisicoquímicos de forma manual, por esta razón se desarrolló e implementó una plataforma de monitoreo automático en tiempo real, la cual permite el análisis remoto de variables fisicoquímicas en criaderos de tilapias. Este sistema utiliza sensores de temperatura, pH, oxígeno disuelto y turbidez, que están conectados a microcontroladores encargados del procesamiento de datos y la transmisión a través de redes (LPWAN). Estos datos son transmitidos a través de modulación de radiofrecuencia LoRa, y están interconectados con un Gateway, que funciona como un enlace entre el nodo final y la infraestructura de red convencional basada en TCP/IP, para retransmitirla empleando el protocolo MQTT a un Bróker, alojado en un (VPS), de tal forma que la información se presenta mediante una interfaz de usuario basada en Web, los datos son visualizados en un dashboard, con la opción de acceder a tablas y gráficos de registro históricos de los parámetros monitoreados. Este método permite que criaderos ubicados en zonas rurales lejanas, con un acceso limitado de ancho de banda a internet, puedan contar con un sistema de monitoreo en tiempo real.
Performance assessment of a Low-Power Wide-Area wireless network based on LoRa technology using IoT devices in different Bolivia areas
(2024) Eynar Calle Viles; Edgar Roberto Ramos Silvestre; Elias Brayan Choque Maydana; W. Lopez; Cristian Capriles Olivera
This project focuses on the implementation and performance analysis of a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) using IoT devices in an urban environment. We develop an IoT Node and a Gateway designed to emulate the behavior of a LoRa network architecture. The technical parameters of these devices have been rigorously validated through extensive measurement campaigns and theoretical simulations using advanced radio propagation simulation software. The collected data and simulation results provide a comprehensive assessment of the LoRa technology’s performance, demonstrating its effectiveness and reliability in the specified urban and rural context.
Plataforma integral para seguimiento en tiempo real de un prototipo de bombas de infusión peristáltica, Universidad Privada del Valle, Cochabamba, Bolivia
(University of San Martín de Porres, 2025) Keyla Mey Martínez Montes de; Remmy Fuentes Telleria; Sergio Elias Hoyos; Eynar Calle Viles; Rommer Alex Ortega Martínez; Universidad Privada del Valle. Cochabamba, Bolivia. Estudiante de Ingeniería Biomédica.; Eynar Calle Viles; Universidad Privada del Valle. Cochabamba, Bolivia. Coordinador del Departamento de Investigación.; Rommer Alex Ortega Martínez; Universidad Privada del Valle. Cochabamba, Bolivia. Coordinador del Departamento de Investigación Clínica.
Objective: To design and implement a comprehensive platform for the real-time tracking, traceability, and monitoring of infusion pumps, incorporating a prototype of a peristaltic infusion pump, with the purpose of optimizing intravenous therapy monitoring and enhancing the efficiency of medical and nursing staff. Materials and methods: A prototype of a peristaltic infusion pump was developed using 3D printing, a method that enables the precise and customized creation of highly durable and functional components. The prototype integrates microcontrollers and sensors capable of detectinganomalies during drug administration, ensuring constant flow control. In parallel, a digital platformwas designed with access through a web interface, allowing continuous real-time monitoring ofthe pumps. This low-cost solution, developed in Bolivia, aims to facilitate implementation insettings where existing commercial systems—although technologically advanced—are less accessible due to their high cost. The proposed system centralizes supervision and optimizes medical staff resources. Results: A series of experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the prototype’s accuracy compared to standard commercial infusion pumps by analyzing the percentage error in infusion rates. The prototype achieved an acceptable error range between -2.68 % and +2.57 %, demonstrating its accuracy and functionality. Furthermore, the digital platform proved effective in optimizing monitoring time, enabling healthcare personnel to focus on higher-priority tasks. Conclusions: The implementation of this comprehensive platformand the first prototype of a peristaltic infusion pump marks a significant step forward in intravenous therapy monitoring in Bolivia. Its low-cost design makes it a viable alternative for expanding access to real-time monitoring, promoting technological innovation, and optimizing both human and material resources in hospital settings.
Prototype of a Portable Chest Compression Device
(Springer Nature, 2025) Marco Fabian Borda Wiegert; Mauricio Peredo Claros; Eynar Calle Viles; Rommer Alex Ortega Martínez
Prototype of innovative device for chest compression at the Universidad Private del Valle in Cochabamba, Bolivia
(2024) Marco Fabian Borda Wiegert; Mauricio Peredo Claros; Eynar Calle Viles; Rommer Alex Ortega Martínez
This article presents the development of a portable automatic chest compressor device using a rod-crank-piston mechanism. The main focus is on assessing the feasibility of manufacturing the device in Bolivia, primarily utilizing 3D printing technology and locally accessible components to create an economical device. The methodology involved reviewing appropriate techniques of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), analyzing the proposed mechanism, and researching chest compression devices available in the market for insights. Using this information as a foundation, a device inspired by the Weil Mini model was designed but implementing a rod-crank-piston mechanism for compressions. The construction of the prototype progressed through different phases, culminating in a portable device with manual control and the ability to store treatment data in a wirelessly connected application, allowing for equipment maintenance by service personnel. The conducted tests yielded satisfactory results, demonstrating that the device correctly compressed a calibrated CPR manikin, meeting all the requirements established by the American Heart Association (AHA) standards. Additionally, the development of software, implemented safety systems, and the creation of the web application for maintenance and data logging represent distinctive features of the prototype
Smart iot-based cpr training platform chest compression optimization and remote performance monitoring
(2025) Patricia Nataly Flores Ponce; Eynar Calle Viles; Edgar Roberto Ramos Silvestre; Rommer Alex Ortega-Martinez
This paper presents the development of a smart Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training kit based on Internet of Things (IoT) principles. The system, designed to optimize chest compression techniques, integrates force and distance sensors, local processing through an ESP32 microcontroller, and MQTT wireless communication for remote monitoring and data analysis. Experimental validation with 20 novice participants showed improvements of 35% in compression depth and 28% in frequency within the recommended range (100–120 CPM) compared to standard commercial mannequins. Results showed an average feedback latency of 150ms and 94% accuracy in depth measurement, establishing the feasibility of this IoT solution to improve CPR training quality, especially in resource-limited environments
Smartwatch-Based IoT System for Continuous Intravenous Infusion Monitoring with Air Bubble Blockage
(2024) Jhoseline Belen Yapur Pizarro; Eynar Calle Viles; Mauricio Peredo Claros; Elías Chávez Jaldín; Remmy Fuentes Telleria
Manual monitoring of intravenous (IV) infusions can result in errors or interruptions, particularly in healthcare settings with limited resources. This study introduces an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system designed to enhance the safety and efficiency of IV by enabling continuous, remote, and real-time monitoring. The proposed system integrates devices to measure fluid levels, detect blockages, and automatically prevent air bubbles from entering the bloodstream. Alerts are transmitted to healthcare professionals via smartwatches, ensuring prompt interventions. The system's efficacy was substantiated through calculations and laboratory tests, demonstrating its capacity to maintain precise fluid delivery and minimize the risk of medical errors. This innovative approach not only optimizes patient care but also reduces the workload on healthcare staff by automating routine monitoring tasks, thereby representing a significant advancement in healthcare technology.
Solar-powered adaptive battery charger for IoT solutions using ESP32
(2025) Elías Chávez Jaldín; Eynar Calle Viles; Edgar Roberto Ramos Silvestre
The growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has intensified the demand for energy-autonomous devices, highlighting the limitations of conventional chargers. The paper addresses the design of a charging system for rechargeable batteries -including Li-ion, LiPo, NiCd and lead-acid- oriented to energy autonomous contexts using solar energy. An analysis of existing charging methods (Constant Current - Constant Voltage, step charging and pulsed charging), and their limitations when applied to multiple battery types in IoT environments is performed. A system based on an adaptive charging Current algorithm similar to step charging, managed by the ESP32 development board and powered by an 80 W solar panel is proposed. The system allows setting the maximum charging voltage and dynamically regulates the current depending on the battery status, with two thresholds (450 mA and 2000 mA), integrating temperature and humidity sensors, data storage in microSD and Bluetooth communication for monitoring and control. The test included the analysis of the thermal and electrical behavior of a lead-acid battery ($12 \mathrm{~V}, 7 \mathrm{Ah}$) under stable and variable solar irradiation conditions, demonstrating operational stability, current regulation and absence of overheating. Additionally, tests were carried out with Li-Ion, LiPo and NiCd batteries, showing stable behavior and capacity under stable and variable solar irradiation conditions.