Browsing by Autor "Felipe S. Carevic"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Bodefales en el norte de Chile: una visión general desde la perspectiva de los rasgos hidráulicos de la vegetación a la conservación biológica
(University of Tarapacá, 2017) Felipe S. Carevic; Ermindo Barrientos; Maira Anderson
In the face of the increasing natural resource demands, soil erosion and climatic variability, the management of the Andean peatlands (bofedals) and wetlands (vegas) for conservation, production or other multiple uses is an important issue. These agroecosystems are considered critical for livestock feeding in the highlands due to the presence of plant species of high digestibility, protein content and biomass. Overgrazing, human migration and drought are currently the main problems affecting the Andean peatlands. The impact of climatic variability and overgrazing on plant water relationships and their combined effects on plant growth traits may be used as an important predictive tool for ecological health and sustainable management in these Andean landscapes. The main objectives of this review were to demonstrate the need to expand knowledge of the highland peatlands, based on concepts related to sustainability (associated with the carrying capacity), and the important role of physiological monitoring of vegetation, since the different rainfall regimes present in these natural areas represent an interesting scenario to assess the impacts of climate variability.
Efectos de la introducción de fauna alóctona (danis familiaris) en ecosistemas áridos: estudio de caso en cactáceas endémicas
(University of Tarapacá, 2022) Felipe S. Carevic; Ermindo Barrientos
ecosystems: a case study on endemic cacti.
Effect of Native Vegetative Barriers to Prevent Wind Erosion: A Sustainable Alternative for Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Production
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2023) Ermindo Barrientos-Pérez; Felipe S. Carevic; Juan Pablo Rodríguez; Jorge Arenas-Charlín; José Delatorre-Herrera
The abandonment of ancestral techniques and the incorporation of new technologies in the production systems for the cultivation of quinoa has resulted in overexploitation of soils, a loss of fertility, water imbalance, a loss of native vegetation cover in plain land areas, and other negative effects on the southern Altiplano agricultural sustainable system. One of the methods to reduce wind erosion and improve soil environmental conditions is establishing a native vegetative barrier. The effect of t’ola [Parastrephia lepidophylla (Wedd.) Cabrera] as a vegetative barrier to prevent wind erosion was evaluated using the rod method, gravimetric humidity fluctuations, and soil quality measurements in traditional quinoa Real production plots. We found significant differences (p < 0.05) for mean erosion, sedimentation, net erosion, and mobilized soil variables. The highest loss of soil was reported for December and November. Vegetative barriers comprising three meters of t’ola better protected bare soils up to 7 m from the barrier, while in bare soils, the loss values were over 5 t ha−1 month−1. Soil humidity fluctuations in plots with t’ola vegetative barriers were highly significant for the distance factors and depth levels. There was a higher accumulation of gravimetric humidity (%) in bare soils from 1.5 m to the barrier (6.95%), while the insides of the vegetative barriers retained an average soil humidity of 6.37%. After two agricultural seasons in the quinoa plots, 62 t ha−1 per year of soils were lost due to a lack of vegetative barriers. Due to the large, cultivated area with quinoa (104,000 ha in 2014) in the Intersalar zone, wind erosion causes 6.48 million tons of soil loss yearly. T’ola vegetative barriers in the southern Altiplano of Bolivia favour the retention of sediments against wind erosion and soil protection for quinoa cultivation. Furthermore, incorporating native lupine increased soil fertility by 80% and protected the soil surface cover.
Identifying Plant Physiological and Climatic Drivers in the Woody Shrub Prosopis strombulifera: Effects of Spring Traits on Flower Sprouting and Fruit Production
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2023) Felipe S. Carevic; Roberto Contreras; Erico R. Carmona; Ermindo Barrientos
Prosopis strombulifera is a widely distributed woody species distributed along arid ecosystems in America. The interannual evolution of ecophysiological parameters and their effects on fruit production and flower sprouting in Prosopis strombulifera were studied for three years in a natural population distributed in the Atacama Desert. Xylem water column tension, pressure–volume curves, specific leaf area (SLA), and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assessed. Flower sprouting was assessed in different weeks using tagged flowers. To assess fruit production, four small containers were placed under twenty-five individuals, allowing the estimation of total annual production and individual production. We found considerable variability between years and between individuals. Positive relationships were found between plant water parameters, SLA, and chlorophyll variables measured in spring at flower sprouting and during fruit production. A negative correlation was found between the mean of the minimum temperatures in spring and flower sprouting. These results suggest that spring ecophysiological parameters strongly affect the reproductive status of P. strombulifera. The results also reflect the potential of this species to adapt to a hyperarid climate by preserving a high relative water content before flower sprouting.
La sustentabilidad del altiplano sur de Bolivia y su relación con la ampliación de superficies de cultivo de quinua
(University of Tarapacá, 2017) Ermindo Barrientos; Felipe S. Carevic; José Delatorre
espanolEn la presente revision se describe la region natural del intersalar de Bolivia desde el punto de vista ambiental y productivo con enfasis en los cambios de sistemas de produccion acentuados las ultimas dos decadas. Se plantea que el cambio de sistema de produccion y la ampliacion irracional de la superficie de cultivo de quinua en la region del altiplano sur de Bolivia (intersalar) tiene un efecto negativo sobre la sostenibilidad y sustentabilidad del complejo quinua-camelidos. Se hace especial mencion a los cambios en los sistemas productivos de quinua y la situacion ambiental del altiplano sur de Bolivia, describiendo la ampliacion de areas de cultivo de quinua y sus efectos inmediatos sobre la cobertura vegetal. La erosion eolica y la perdida de la fertilidad y capacidad productiva de los suelos son aspectos que se describen en base a informacion disponible. Como alternativas de mitigacion y posibles soluciones ante la creciente desertificacion del altiplano sur de Bolivia, se concluye que los sistemas agroforestales y rotaciones de cultivo en base a vegetacion nativa son las alternativas con mayor viabilidad para mejorar los actuales sistemas agroproductivos del altiplano boliviano. EnglishThis review describes the natural region of Bolivia's intersalar at environmentally and productively levels, with emphasis on changes in production systems accentuated over the last two decades. It is argued that the change in the production system and the irrational extension of the quinoa surface area in the southern highlands of Bolivia (intersalar) have a negative effect on the sustainability and sustainability of the quinoa-camelid complex. Special mention is made of the changes in the quinoa productive systems and the environmental situation of the southern highlands of Bolivia, describing the expansion of quinoa growing areas and their immediate effects on plant cover. Wind erosion and loss of fertility and productive capacity of soils are aspects that are described based on available information. As mitigation alternatives and possible solutions to the increasing desertification of the southern high plateau of Bolivia, we conclude that agroforestry systems and crop rotations based on native vegetation are the most viable alternatives to improve the current agro-productive systems of the Bolivian highlands.