Browsing by Autor "Francisco Calcaterra"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Divergent adaptation to highland and tropical environments in Bolivian Creole cattle
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Olivia Marcuzzi; Paulo Álvarez Cecco; Leónidas H. Olivera; J. A. C. Pereira; Francisco Calcaterra; Ariel Loza Vega; Pilar Peral García; María Elena Fernández; A. Rogberg‐Muñoz; Guillermo Giovambattista
Divergent adaptation to highland and tropical environments in Bolivian Creole cattle
(2024) Guillermo Giovambattista; Olivia Marcuzzi; Paulo Álvarez Cecco; Leónidas H. Olivera; Juan Pereira Rico; Francisco Calcaterra; Ariel Loza Vega; Pilar Peral García; María Baro Fernández; A. Rogberg‐Muñoz
<title>Abstract</title> Bolivian Creole cattle populations evolved under low levels of breeding management and, during more than 500 years of natural selection, became adapted to various environments such as the contrasting highland and subtropical environments. Recently, highland Creole cattle were crossbred with Holstein to improve dairy production. The aim of this research was to evaluate the divergent adaptation through selection footprints of Bolivian Creole cattle from Andean highland and tropical lowlands, and to evaluate the effect of Holstein introgression in highland Creole. For this purpose, 130 Creole cattle (75 highland, 55 lowland) and 88 Holstein were genotyped using a microarray. The database was used to determine population structure and admixture and detect selection sweeps using FST, Rsb, XP-EHH and ROH. Ancestry inference suggested that selection peaks were not due to Holstein introgression. The NCBI database was used to retrieve genes from the common regions and then perform gene ontology analysis. The most prominent selection peaks were on BTA20 and BTA23 and included the <italic>PRLR </italic>(slick phenotype) and<italic> Class I</italic> and <italic>IIa BoLA</italic> genes. Other windows contained candidate genes for hypoxia (<italic>ANXA2</italic>, <italic>NDUFA4L2</italic>), angiogenesis, immune response (<italic>IL7R</italic>, <italic>IL6ST</italic>, <italic>IL31RA</italic>, <italic>C6</italic>, <italic>C7,</italic> <italic>STAT6</italic>, <italic>NKG2A</italic>, <italic>IRAK4</italic>, <italic>KLR, CLEC</italic>), oxidative stress (<italic>GSTA, HSD17B6</italic>) and morphological traits (<italic>PLAG1, CHCHD7</italic>, <italic>CAP2,</italic> <italic>ARL15)</italic>. GO analysis revealed enrichment terms and pathways related to immune response, glutathione and retinol metabolism and reported QTLs for coat characteristics, immune response, and tick resistance. The results suggest the complex mechanism in the adaptation of Bolivian Creole cattle to the contrasting highland and subtropical environments.
Genomic analysis of inbreeding level, kinship and breed relationships in Creole cattle from South America
(Wiley, 2024) Olivia Marcuzzi; Francisco Calcaterra; Ariel Loza Vega; María Florencia Ortega Masagué; Eileen Armstrong; J. A. C. Pereira; Eugenio Jara; Leónidas H. Olivera; Pilar Peral García; Guillermo Giovambattista
The conservation of animal genetic resources refers to measures taken to prevent the loss of genetic diversity in livestock populations, including the protection of breeds from extinction. Creole cattle populations have suffered a drastic reduction in recent decades owing to absorbent crosses or replacement with commercial breeds of European or Indian origin. Genetic characterization can serve as a source of information for conservation strategies to maintain genetic variation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the levels of inbreeding and kinship through the use of genomic information. A total of 903 DNAs from 13 cattle populations from Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay were genotyped using an SNP panel of 48 K. Also, a dataset of 76 K SNPs from Peruvian Creole was included. Two inbreeding indices (FROH and Fhat2) and kinship relationships were calculated. In addition, effective population size (Ne), linkage disequilibrium, population composition and phylogenetic relationships were estimated. In Creole cattle, FROH ranged from 0.14 to 0.03, and Fhat2 was close to zero. The inferred Ne trends exhibited a decline toward the present for all populations, whereas Creole cattle presented a lower magnitude of Ne than foreign breeds. Cluster analysis clearly differentiated the taurine and Zebu components (K2) and showed that Bolivian Creole cattle presented Zebu gene introgression. Despite the population reduction, Creole populations did not present extreme values of consanguinity and kinship and maintain high levels of genetic diversity. The information obtained in this work may be useful for planning conservation programmes for these valuable local animal genetic resources.