Browsing by Autor "Gabriella Cancrini"

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Anticuerpos contra Trichinella spiralis en la población rural de la provincia Cordillera, Bolivia
(Pan American Health Organization, 1999) Alessandro Bartoloni; Gabriella Cancrini; Filippo Bartalesi; Alessandra Nicoletti; Gerardo Méndez Prado; José Rosado; Mimmo Roselli; Franco Paradisi
A seroepidemiological study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Trichinella spiralis among rural residents of Cordillera province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 234 serum samples were examined, and antibodies were detected in seven of the samples (3%). The results document for the first time the presence of human infestation with Trichinella in Bolivia and suggest the need to strengthen trichinelosis surveillance in the municipal slaughterhouses, to prevent the clandestine slaughter of animals, and particularly to ensure that residents and meat producers in the area become aware of the dangers of this zoonosis.
Canine Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the Bolivian Chaco
(BioMed Central, 2018) Simona Gabrielli; Michele Spinicci; Fabio Macchioni; David Rojo; Valentina Totino; Patricia Rojas; Mimmo Roselli; Herlan Gamboa; Gabriella Cancrini; Alessandro Bartoloni
A cross-sectional study on Trypanosoma cruzi was carried out in 2013 to evaluate the role of dogs as possible source of infection for humans in two rural communities of the highly endemic Bolivian Chaco (Bartolo, Chuquisaca Department, n = 57 dogs; and Ivamirapinta, Santa Cruz Department, n = 48 dogs). Giemsa-stained thick and thin smears, rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) (Chagas Quick test, Cypress Diagnostic, Belgium) and polymerase chain reaction for T. cruzi on dried blood spots were performed. All smears proved negative by microscopic examination, whereas 23/103 (22%) were positive by ICT and 5/105 (5%) blood samples contained T. cruzi DNA, evidencing the potential role of dogs in the domestic transmission of the parasite.
Decline in Total Serum IgE and Soluble CD30 in the Context of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Decline in Bolivia
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2020) Chiara Della Bella; Michele Spinicci; David Rojo; Alessia Grassi; Herlan Gamboa; Marisa Benagiano; Roberto Torrez; Simona Tapinassi; Simona Gabrielli; Gabriella Cancrini
In the Bolivian Chaco, recent surveys documented a dramatic decrease in the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections as compared with the 1980s after thirty years of preventive chemotherapy (PC). Concomitant immunological rearrangements are expected. Because nematode infections are associated with increased levels of circulating IgE and glycoprotein CD30 soluble form (sCD30), this study aims to evaluate changes in serological markers of T helper (Th)2-cells activity between 1987 (high STH prevalence) and 2013 (low STH prevalence) in rural communities in the Bolivian Chaco area. We collected 151 sera during two different surveys in 1987 (n = 65) and 2013 (n = 86) and measured the concentration of total IgE and sCD30 by immunoassays. We found a statistically significant age-independent decrease in the total IgE (P < 0.0001) and sCD30 (P < 0.0001) from 1987 to 2013. The significant decrease in serological Th2 markers (IgE and sCD30) between 1987 and 2013 is consistent with the drop in STH prevalence in this geographical area during the same period of time. Further studies might elucidate the clinical and epidemiological impact of these serological rearrangements.
Hymenolepis nana—An Emerging Intestinal Parasite Associated with Anemia in School Children from the Bolivian Chaco
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2018) Michele Spinicci; Fabio Macchioni; Simona Gabrielli; David Rojo; Herlan Gamboa; Ana Liz Villagrán; Yolanda Vallejos; Marianne Strohmeyer; Mimmo Roselli; Gabriella Cancrini
Tropical anemia can have multiple causes, whether socioeconomic, dietary, or infectious. In the Bolivian Chaco, soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH), malaria, and Chagas disease are potential infectious causes of anemia among school-aged children (SAC). Following years of preventive chemotherapy with mebendazole, the prevalence of STH among SAC living in that area is now negligible, whereas protozoan infections are still highly prevalent (81%); Hymenolepis nana is the most frequent intestinal helminth (∼13%). We present results of hemoglobin (Hb) assessment and the association between parasitic infections and Hb levels of that SAC population. Overall, 511 SAC (girls:boys ratio 1:1, mean age 9.4 years [95% confidence interval {CI}: 9.3-9.5]) had Hb levels measured by using a point of care testing (HemoCue® Hb 301 System; HemoCue, Angelhome, Sweden). The prevalence of anemia was 23% (117/511), with mean and median Hb level = 12.2 g/dL (95% CI: 12.1-12.3; range 9.2-15.4 g/dL). By multivariate analysis, H. nana infection was associated with an increased risk of anemia (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI: 1.5-5.7, P = 0.002). Two samples (0.5%) were positive for Trypanosoma cruzi and none for Plasmodium spp. by polymerase chain reaction of the 439 children tested. Anemia is still a concern among SAC living in the Bolivian Chaco. Our findings call for a greater attention to fecal-oral emerging pathogens, such as H. nana, and highlight the importance of water, sanitation, and hygiene improvements for disadvantaged population such as those living in the Bolivian Chaco.
Intestinal parasitic infections and associated epidemiological drivers in two rural communities of the Bolivian Chaco
(Open Learning on Enteric Pathogens, 2016) Fabio Macchioni; Higinio Segundo; Valentina Totino; Simona Gabrielli; Patricia Rojas; Mimmo Roselli; Grover Adolfo Paredes; Mario Masana; Alessandro Bartoloni; Gabriella Cancrini
These results highlight the need for the promotion of access to clean water, improved sanitation and better hygiene, thus reducing the frequency of preventive chemotherapy for STHs while continuing to monitor the population for possible recrudescence.
Scaling down of a deworming programme among school‐age children after a thirty‐year successful intervention in the Bolivian Chaco
(Wiley, 2018) Michele Spinicci; Fabio Macchioni; David Rojo; Herlan Gamboa; Ana Liz Villagrán; Yolanda Vallejos; Marianne Strohmeyer; Mimmo Roselli; Simona Gabrielli; Gabriella Cancrini
Our findings support the role of preventive chemotherapy in reducing soil-transmitted helminthiases transmission, as otherwise poor hygienic and health conditions persist in the Bolivian Chaco. A national survey, involving areas from all the ecological zones of Bolivia, is now warranted.
Seroprevalence of antibodies to Trichinella spiralis among rural residents of Cordillera province, Bolivia
(1999) Alessandro Bartoloni; Gabriella Cancrini; Filippo Bartalesi; Alessandra Nicoletti; Gerardo Méndez Prado; José Rosado; Mimmo Roselli; Franco Paradisi