Browsing by Autor "Giovanna R. Almanza"

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A 5-methylcoumarin glucoside and a coumestan derivative from Mutisia orbignyana.
(Lund University, 2009) Yonny Flores; Gloria Rodrigo; Patricia Mollinedo; Björn Åkesson; Olov Sterner; Giovanna R. Almanza
The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts from Mutisia orbignyana afforded two major compounds: mutisifurocoumarin (1) and 5-methylcoumarine-4-β-glucoside (2). The completely assignment of 1H and 13C NMR data of compound (2) is presented for the first time as well as some reassignments of 13C NMR spectrum for compound (1), applying 2D NMR techniques. In addition, the antiproliferative effect on colon cancer cells (CaCo2) and the scavenging effect using the ABTS test were measured The results showed an interesting scavenging activity and a non proliferative effect on colon cancer cells./El extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas de Mutisia orbignyana presentó dos compuestos mayoritarios: mutisifurocumarina (1) y 5-metilcumarina-4-β-glucosilada (2). El asignamiento completo de RMN de 1H y 13C del compuesto (2) es presentado por primera vez, así como también algunos reasignamientos del espectro de RMN13C del compuesto (1), en ambos casos se aplico técnicas de RMN 2D. Además, se midió el efecto antiproliferativo sobre células cancerosas de colon (CaCo2) y el efecto como inhibidores de radicales libres usando la prueba ABTS, tanto de extractos como de compuestos puros. Los resultados muestran un interesante efecto antiradicalario en ABTS y un efecto no-proliferativo sobre células cancerosas de colon.
Analytical Methods for Identification and Quantification of Quinoa Saponins: A Review
(American Chemical Society, 2025) Rodrigo Villagomez; Maribel Lozano; Yonny Flores; Yasufumi Kobayashi; Yasunari Fujita; Giovanna R. Almanza
Quinoa saponins (SAPs) are key secondary metabolites occurring as complex mixtures mainly in the seed coat of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Although traditionally removed due to their bitter taste and potential toxicity, quinoa SAPs display diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, antifungal, molluscicidal, hemolytic, and cytotoxic effects, that support their potential applications in pharmaceuticals, functional foods, cosmetics, and biopesticides. Their amphiphilic nature also enables their use as natural emulsifiers. This review (1981-2024) summarizes advances in analytical methodologies for quinoa SAPs, emphasizing that while GC-MS and LC-MS/MS are widely applied for profiling, full structural elucidation still requires isolation and analysis by NMR and MS. We discuss key considerations for quinoa SAPs identification using GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and NMR. Quantification remains challenging and is often based on relative estimations, with afrosymmetric, UV-vis, and GC-MS methods being the most frequently employed, while HPLC-DAD, LC-MS, and GC-MS/MS offer greater sensitivity. Ultimately, the selection of the analytical method and standard critically determines accuracy.
Anti-cancer stem cell activity of a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Ambrosia arborescens and of a synthetic derivative
(Public Library of Science, 2017) Wendy Soria Sotillo; Rodrigo Villagomez; Sandra Smiljanic; Xiaoli Huang; Atena Malakpour; Sebastian Kempengren; Gloria Rodrigo; Giovanna R. Almanza; Olov Sterner; Stina Oredsson
New regimens are constantly being pursued in cancer treatment, especially in the context of treatment-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are assumed to be involved in cancer recurrence. Here, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) isolated from Ambrosia arborescens and of synthetic derivatives in breast cancer cell lines, with a specific focus on activity against CSCs. The breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, JIMT-1, and HCC1937 and the normal-like breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A were treated with the SLs damsin and coronopilin, isolated from A. arborescens, and with ambrosin and dindol-01, synthesized using damsin. Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values were obtained from dose-response curves. Based on IC50 values, doses in the μM range were used for investigating effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle phase distribution, cell death, micronuclei formation, and cell migration. Western blot analysis was used to investigate proteins involved in cell cycle regulation as well as in the NF-κB pathway since SLs have been shown to inhibit this transcription factor. Specific CSC effects were investigated using three CSC assays. All compounds inhibited cell proliferation; however, damsin and ambrosin were toxic at single-digit micromolar ranges, while higher concentrations were required for coronopilin and dindol-01. Of the four cell lines, the compounds had the least effect on the normal-like MCF-10A cells. The inhibition of cell proliferation can partly be explained by downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2. All compounds inhibited tumour necrosis factor-α-induced translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Damsin and ambrosin treatment increased the number of micronuclei; moreover, another sign of DNA damage was the increased level of p53. Treatment with damsin and ambrosin decreased the CSC subpopulation and inhibited cell migration. Our results suggest that these compounds should be further investigated to find efficient CSC-inhibiting compounds.
Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Polyisoprenylated Benzophenones and Xanthones from Rheedia acuminata
(SAGE Publishing, 2011) Giovanna R. Almanza; Raúl Quispe; Patricia Mollinedo; Gloria Rodrigo; Ery Odette Fukushima; Rodrigo Villagomez; Björn Åkesson; Olov Sterner
Dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of Rheedia acuminata yielded three benzophenones with antioxidant activity, the new one named acuminophenone A (1), guttiferone K (2) and isoxanthochymol (3), along with the known xanthones formoxanthone C (4) and macluraxanthone (5). The structures were established through interpretation of their spectroscopic data, the stereochemistry of compounds (1) and (2) were resolved by experimental and computational experiments and their antioxidant activities were measured using the DPPH, ABTS and TEAC assays. The antioxidant results showed that metabolites 1, 4 and 5 had a better antioxidant activity than the reference compound quercetin. In addition, we evaluate the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the CH2Cl2 extract as well as of the free radical scavenger compounds 1, 4 and 5 by the AMES Salmonella/microsomal test. No mutagenicity was found in the CH2Cl2 extract using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1537 and TA1538, with or without S9 metabolic activation. The pure compounds neither showed mutagenicity in TA 102 strain and the most important result was the strong reduction of mutagenic effect induced by hydrogen peroxide in S. typhimurium TA102, with or without S9, showed by the compounds 1 (more than 93%) and 4 (more than 88%) at 0.02 microg/plate.
Antiproliferative effects of curcuphenol, a sesquiterpene phenol
(Elsevier BV, 2010) Gloria Rodrigo; Giovanna R. Almanza; Yajun Cheng; Jiangnan Peng; Mark T. Hamann; Rui‐Dong Duan; Björn Åkesson
Breast cancer cell line toxicity of a flavonoid isolated from Baccharis densiflora
(BioMed Central, 2021) Wendy Soria Sotillo; Santiago Tarqui; Xiaoli Huang; Giovanna R. Almanza; Stina Oredsson
Chromosome-level genome assemblies for two quinoa inbred lines from northern and southern highlands of Altiplano where quinoa originated
(Frontiers Media, 2024) Yasufumi Kobayashi; Hideki Hirakawa; Kenta Shirasawa; Kazusa Nishimura; Kenichiro Fujii; Rolando Oros; Giovanna R. Almanza; Yukari Nagatoshi; Y. Yasui; Yasunari Fujita
Quinoa is emerging as a key seed crop for global food security due to its ability to grow in marginal environments and its excellent nutritional properties. Because quinoa is partially allogamous, we have developed quinoa inbred lines necessary for molecular genetic analysis. Our comprehensive genomic analysis showed that the quinoa inbred lines fall into three genetic subpopulations: northern highland, southern highland, and lowland. Lowland and highland quinoa are the same species, but have very different genotypes and phenotypes. Lowland quinoa has relatively small grains and a darker grain color, and is widely tested and grown around the world. In contrast, the white, large-grained highland quinoa is grown in the Andean highlands, including the region where quinoa originated, and is exported worldwide as high-quality quinoa. Recently, we have shown that viral vectors can be used to regulate endogenous genes in quinoa, paving the way for functional genomics to reveal the diversity of quinoa. However, although a high-quality assembly has recently been reported for a lowland quinoa line, genomic resources of the quality required for functional genomics are not available for highland quinoa lines. Here we present high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies for two highland inbred quinoa lines, J075 representing the northern highland line and J100 representing the southern highland line, using PacBio HiFi sequencing and dpMIG-seq. In addition, we demonstrate the importance of verifying and correcting reference-based scaffold assembly with other approaches such as linkage maps. The assembled genome sizes of J075 and J100 are 1.29 and 1.32 Gb, with contigs N50 of 66.3 and 12.6 Mb, and scaffold N50 of 71.2 and 70.6 Mb, respectively, comprising 18 pseudochromosomes. The repetitive sequences of J075 and J100 represent 72.6% and 71.5% of the genome, the majority of which are long terminal repeats, representing 44.0% and 42.7% of the genome, respectively. The de novo assembled genomes of J075 and J100 were predicted to contain 65,303 and 64,945 protein-coding genes, respectively. The high quality genomes of these highland quinoa lines will facilitate quinoa functional genomics research on quinoa and contribute to the identification of key genes involved in environmental adaptation and quinoa domestication.
Chromosome-level genome assemblies for two quinoa inbred lines from northern and southern highlands of Altiplano where quinoa originated
(2024) Yasufumi Kobayashi; Hideki Hirakawa; Kenta Shirasawa; Kazusa Nishimura; Kenichiro Fujii; Rolando Oros; Giovanna R. Almanza; Yukari Nagatoshi; Y. Yasui; Yasunari Fujita
Summary Quinoa, an annual allotetraploid plant native to the Andean highlands of South America, is emerging as an important seed crop for global food and nutrition security due to its ability to grow in marginal environments and its excellent nutritional properties. Because quinoa is partially allogamous, we have developed quinoa inbred lines necessary for molecular genetic analysis. Our comprehensive genomic analysis showed that the quinoa inbred lines fall into three genetic subpopulations: northern highland, southern highland, and lowland. Lowland and highland quinoa are the same species, but have very different genotypes and phenotypes. Lowland quinoa has relatively small grains and a darker grain color, and is widely tested and grown around the world. In contrast, the white, large-grained highland quinoa is grown in the Andean highlands, including the region where quinoa originated, and is exported worldwide as high-quality quinoa. Recently, we have shown that viral vectors can be used to regulate endogenous genes in quinoa, paving the way for functional genomics of quinoa. However, although a high-quality assembly has recently been reported for a lowland quinoa line, genomic resources of the quality required for functional genomics are not available for highland quinoa lines. Here we present high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies for two highland inbred quinoa lines, J075 representing the northern highland line and J100 representing the southern highland line, using PacBio HiFi sequencing and dpMIG-seq. The assembled genome sizes of J075 and J100 are 1.29 and 1.32 Gb, with contigs N50 of 66.3 and 12.6 Mb, and scaffold N50 of 71.2 and 70.6 Mb, respectively, comprising 18 pseudochromosomes. The repetitive sequences of J075 and J100 represent 72.6% and 71.5% of the genome, the majority of which are long terminal repeats ( Gypsy and Copia ), representing 44.0% and 42.7% of the genome, respectively. The de novo assembled genomes of J075 and J100 were predicted to contain 64,945 and 65,303 protein-coding genes, respectively. The high quality genomes of these highland quinoa lines will facilitate quinoa functional genomics research on quinoa and contribute to the identification of key genes involved in environmental adaptation and quinoa domestication.
CONTENIDOS FLAVONOCIDOS EN LAS HOJAS DE BACCHARIS LATIFOLIA, SEGÚN EL TIPO DE HOJA, Y SU DEPENDENCIA DE LAS PROPIEDADES FISICOQUÍMICAS DE LOS SUELOS
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018) Soledad Enríquez; Ruth Elizabeth Mamani Quispe; Patricia Amurrio; Juan C. Peñaranda; Alberto Calle; Vladimir Orsag; Giovanna R. Almanza
"Baccharis latifolia, comúnmente conocida como "Chilca", es una planta con una actividad antiinflamatoria reconocida. Parte de su actividad se debe a su contenido de flavonoides, cuya composición cuantitativa en la planta varía según las condiciones ambientales. Este estudio se centra en caracterizar y cuantificar los flavonoides de las hojas de B. latifolia en la estación seca. La cuantificación de los flavonoides totales se realizó por quelación con AlCl3 y se midió con espectroscopia UV / Vis con respecto a la luteolina, mediante la comparación de los contenidos totales de flavonoides en hojas apicales, medias y basales, a tres alturas en las laderas de Lluto, La Paz (4187, 4000 y 3825 msnm). A través de este estudio, hemos determinado que las hojas con la mayor concentración de flavonoides son las apicales y que, en la estación seca, no existe una clara correlación entre la altitud y la producción de flavonoides. Además, hemos analizado la correlación entre algunas propiedades fisicoquímicas de los suelos y la producción de flavonoides, determinando, por un lado, que los suelos más ricos en nitrógeno provocan una disminución de la concentración de flavonoides, mientras que el pH, la conductividad eléctrica y el porcentaje de arcilla tienen una relación proporcional directa con la producción de flavonoides, lo que significa que un aumento en estos parámetros implica un aumento en el contenido total de flavonoides y viceversa."
Cuantificación de compuestos bioactivos en cáscara de Coffea Arábica en Bolivia
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018) Teresa Pacheco; Sergio Torrez Álvarez; Giovanna R. Almanza
"En este estudio se analizó el contenido de ácido protocatéquico (AP), ácido clorogénico (ACG) y cafeína (CAF) en 11 muestras de cáscaras de café obtenidas de diversas empresas productoras de café del Norte de La Paz, Bolivia. El contenido de estos compuestos se cuantificó por un método de HPLC-DAD utilizando un patrón externo de referencia en cada caso. Los resultados mostraron que el contenido de AP varía entre 0,32 y 9,25 mg/g de cáscara, la CAF entre 0,55 y 35,68 mg/g de cáscara, y el ACG entre 0,04 y 17,06 mg/g de cáscara. La muestra con mayor concentración de AP fue de la empresa Villa Oriente con 9,25 mg/g de cáscara seca; la de mayor concentración de CAF fue de la empresa Chulumani Café con 35,68 mg/g de cáscara seca, y la muestra con mayor concentración de ACG fue de la empresa Chulumani Café con 17,06 mg/g de cáscara seca, valores altos en AP y CAF en relación a otros en cáscaras de café reportados. Además, se determinó un método efectivo de obtención de extractos ricos en compuestos fenólicos (ERCF) y ricos en cafeína (ERC), empleando solamente procesos de extracción sólido-líquido y líquido-líquido. En los ERCF se cuantificó el ACG y el AP, mientras que en el caso de los ERC se cuantificó la CAF, determinándose una concentración de hasta 99,19 mg/g de AP de ERCF de la empresa Villa Oriente, una concentración de hasta 66,22 mg/g de ACG de ERCF de la empresa Chulumani Café y una concentración de hasta 850,69 mg/g de CAF de ERC de la empresa Chulumani Café."
CUANTIFICACIÓN DE SAPONINAS EN RESIDUOS DE QUINUA REAL CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD
(Lund University, 2012) Maribel Lozano; Edgar Freddy Quisbert Ticona; Cristhian Carrasco; Yonny Flores; Giovanna R. Almanza
"En el presente trabajo se realizó la cuantificación del rendimiento de extractos y de saponinas en residuos de escarificado generados en empresas exportadoras de quinua de los departamentos de La Paz, Oruro y Potosí, determinándose que los rendimientos de extracción varían desde 36,0 % hasta 39,4 % p/p, mientras que el porcentaje de saponinas en el extracto varía desde 47,3 % hasta 56,2 % y de saponinas en el mojuelo desde 17,3 % hasta 22,1 %. Adicionalmente, se optimizó un método de extracción de saponinas por maceración con mezclas hidroalcohólicas, considerando los siguientes parámetros: Relación masa/volumen de extracción; tiempo de extracción y relación porcentual EtOH/H2O (v/v), determinándose que la mejor relación m/v de extracción es 1/9. El tiempo de extracción óptimo es de 72 h y la mejor mezcla de extracción es con 50/50 EtOH/H2O. El porcentaje de saponinas se determinó utilizando los métodos de Espuma, Espectrofotométrico UV y por cromatografía HPLC, observándose que no hay grandes diferencias entre los 3 métodos aunque el método HPLC es el que tiene menos error y debería utilizarse como método de control para los otros métodos que son más baratos. Además, es muy importante utilizar como muestra de referencia un estándar de saponinas de quinua en todos los métodos."
Cytotoxicity of New Damsin Derivatives in Breast Cancer Cells
(Lund University, 2019) Maribel Lozano; Wendy Soria; Giovanna R. Almanza; Sophie Manner; Stina Oredsson; Juan R V Villagomez; Olov Sterner
Abstract As a follow-up of a previous investigation in which semisynthetic damsin derivatives were shown to possess up to 10 times higher cytotoxicity in JIMT-1 breast cancer cells compared to normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells, a range of new derivatives were prepared and assayed toward the same cells. Damsin, a natural plant metabolite containing a??-methylene-?-lactone (or 3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one) moiety, was modified in position 3 by Claisen-Schmidt condensations with aromatic aldehydes, mainly mono- or disubstituted benzaldehydes, without affecting the α-methylene-γ-lactone function. This lactone ring is a Michael acceptor that is known to affect biological processes such as cell proliferation, death/apoptosis, and cell migration, by interfering with nucleophilic sites in cell signalling pathways. However, although Michael acceptors are reactive, the Michael addition is reversible and it can be assumed that also other parts of the molecules will moderate the binding to and the release from any given nucleophilic site in a protein, and thereby moderate a specific biological activity. In this investigation, the cytotoxicity of 20 α-methylene-γ-lactones towards normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells as well as breast cancer JIMT-1 cells is compared, by determining the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) from dose response curves. The IC50 values in the two cell lines were found to depend on the overall structure of the assayed compounds, although less in this subset of compounds compared to a previous investigation. Structure-activity relationships that may explain the observed differences in potency and selectivity are discussed.
DETERMINACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS DE SECADO POR ASPERSIÓN PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE EXTRACTO SECO RICO EN SAPONINAS DE RESIDUOS DE ESCARIFICADO DE QUINUA
(2022) Silvia E. Ramos; Abel Gutiérrez; Yonny Flores; Maribel Lozano; Lizzet Chura; Rocío Mamani; Heriberto Castañeta; Giovanna R. Almanza; Lizzet Chura; Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Carrera de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales FCPN, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, P.O. Box 303, Calle Andrés Bello s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Cota Cota, La Paz-Bolivia
Los residuos de escarificado de quinua se generan en gran cantidad en Bolivia y tienen un alto contenido de saponinas, compuestos con diversas propiedades que les dan un potencial uso en cosmética, agricultura, salud y otros. Por esta razón, es importante contar con métodos para obtener extractos secos ricos en saponinas a partir de estos residuos. En el presente trabajo, se han determinado los parámetros para el secado por aspersión de un extracto acuoso residual de un proceso de extracción hidroalcohólico EtOH:H2O (50:50) por 72 h, seguido de una eliminación del EtOH por rotaevaporación. Para esto, se utilizó un diseño experimental factorial 23, tomando como variables independientes: la concentración del extracto acuoso residual, la temperatura de secado y la velocidad del flujo de aire. Se determinó que las variables significativas para obtener un mayor rendimiento de extracción en el proceso de secado por aspersión son: la temperatura de secado (100°C) y la velocidad del flujo del aire (4192 rpm), con un flujo de alimentación de 8.0 mL/min. El producto seco obtenido tiene un rendimiento de 27.6% respecto a los residuos de quinua y 68.73 % de saponinas. La técnica de secado por aspersión presentó algunas ventajas respecto a la técnica de secado por liofilización, como el mayor porcentaje de saponinas en el extracto seco obtenido y el menor tiempo empleado para el secado.
DETERMINACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO FENÓLICO, Y EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTITIROSINASA, Y DE LOS ÍNDICES ANTIOXIDANTES DE CUATRO VARIEDADES DE QUINOA BOLIVIANA.
(2020) Alejandra Navia; Peggy Ormachea; Lily Salcedo; Maribel Lozano; Santiago Tarqui; Yonny Flores; Giovanna R. Almanza; Giovanna R Almanza
Four varieties of Bolivian quinoa (QJG Quinoa Jacha Grano, QRB Quinoa Real Blanca, QRN Quinoa Real Negra and QRR Quinoa Real Roja) have been studied in order to valorize them through the establishment of the phenolic contents and consequently by their antioxidant indexes. In addition, and in this pathway, the antityrosinase activity of the four varieties was measured. One important quinoa-endemic glycosylated flavonoid, mauritianin 1 (Kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O--ramnopyranosyl--galactopyranoside) was isolated, and identified by cromatographic and spectroscopic methods and it was quantified. The four quinoa samples were treated by means of solid-liquid extractions with hydro-alcoholic 8:2 solvents. Quantifications and evaluations were done in the samples of the four varieties of quinoa and in phenolic rich fractions from the extract of QJG, and in compound 1, coming from the QJG extract. In a series of in vitro tests, antioxidant indexes, by means of the total phenolic content and ABTS methods, and antityrosinase activities, by using the fungal tyrosinase method, of phenolic rich fractions and of the pure compound 1 were evaluated, 1 showed an important antityrosinase activity (74.73% I at 1.67 mg/mL) and antioxidant (826.68 mg GAE/g and 1141.38 M Trolox/g), as well as the phenolic rich fraction from the extract of QJG named as EEW-1 that showed 69.89% I of the enzyme tyrosinase and significant antioxidant activity (246.08 mg GAE/g and 569.21 uM trolox/g), suggesting that these products could have a potential application in dermatology, cosmetics and food processing.
(E)-3-PRENIL-4-HIDROXICINAMATO DE METILO DE BACCHARIS SANTELICIS
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2006) J.Roberto Villagómez; Patricia Mollinedo; Giovanna R. Almanza
"La investigación de la especie Boliviana Baccharis santelicis dio como resultado la obtención del ester (E)-3-prenil-4-hidroxicinamato de metilo (Plicatina B), un derivado del ácido p-cumarico con elevada capacidad antioxidante (TEAC 3,4) comparable al compuesto de referencia quercetina, cuya estructura fue elucidada por técnicas de RMN 1D y 2D. Adicionalmente, se identificó ácido oleanólico y estigmasterol, dos compuestos de presencia común en plantas de la región andina de Bolivia."
Effect of Natural and Semisynthetic Pseudoguianolides on the Stability of NF-κB:DNA Complex Studied by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
(Public Library of Science, 2015) Rodrigo Villagomez; Rajni Hatti‐Kaul; Olov Sterner; Giovanna R. Almanza; Javier A. Linares‐Pastén
The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a promising target for drug discovery. NF-κB is a heterodimeric complex of RelA and p50 subunits that interact with the DNA, regulating the expression of several genes; its dysregulation can trigger diverse diseases including inflammation, immunodeficiency, and cancer. There is some experimental evidence, based on whole cells studies, that natural sesquiterpene lactones (Sls) can inhibit the interaction of NF-κB with DNA, by alkylating the RelA subunit via a Michael addition. In the present work, 28 natural and semisynthetic pseudoguianolides were screened as potential inhibitors of NF-κB in a biochemical assay that was designed using pure NF-κB heterodimer, pseudoguianolides and a ~1000 bp palindromic DNA fragment harboring two NF-κB recognition sequences. By comparing the relative amount of free DNA fragment to the NF-κB - DNA complex, in a routine agarose gel electrophoresis, the destabilizing effect of a compound on the complex is estimated. The results of the assay and the following structure-activity relationship study, allowed the identification of several relevant structural features in the pseudoguaianolide skeleton, which are necessary to enhance the dissociating capacity of NF-κB-DNA complex. The most active compounds are substituted at C-3 (α-carbonyl), in addition to having the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety which is essential for the alkylation of RelA.
Effect of saponins of Chenopodium quinoa Willd agains the phytopatogenic fungus Cercospora beticola Sacc.
(2016) Rinel Apaza; Smeltekop Hugh; Yonny Flores; Giovanna R. Almanza; Lily Salcedo
ESTUDIO FITOQUIMICO Y ESPECTROSCOPICO PRELIMINAR DE CINCO PLANTAS MEDICINALES DE CARMEN PAMPA (COROICO) BOLIVIA
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2012) Ángela J. San Martin; Esther Villanueva; Arnold Tito Cruz; Desiderio Flores; Rubén D. Gomez; Giovanna R. Almanza; Yonny Flores
"Five plant species widely distributed and with traditional medicinal use in the community of Carmen Pampa, Rubus boliviensis (khari-khari), Castillejo arvensis (vira-vira), Baccharis genistelloides ssp crispa (charara), Liabum hastifolium (toco-toco) and Acmella ciliata (laili-laili), were subjected to a preliminary phytochemical and spectroscopic study in order to select promising plant species for fiirther studies. In the preliminary phytochemical study it was determined that the plant species studied have mainly phenolic compounds, tannins, triterpenes or steroids. Additionally the species B. genistelloides presents flavonoids and A. ciliata presents coumarins plus some alkaloids in the flowers. The spectroscopic study shows that all the extracts have a certain absorbance in the UVB and UVA region, but this is not comparable to the photoprotective known compounds as oxybenzone, or plant species studied for their photoprotective effect as Baccharis papillosa. However, the extract of major interest from this point of view is the extract of L. hastifolium (toco -toco). To complete the information, a deep literatee review was done showing that R. boliviensis (khari-khari) and C. arvensis (vira-vira) have no previous chemical and biological studies, while B. genistelloides shows many bibliographic antecedents being currently used in commercial producís in countries such as Brazil and Peru. Moreover L. hastifolium (toco-toco) has studies showing leishmanicidal activity which correlates with its traditional use for the treatment of wounds and has no chemical background so it was selected for further studies. The species B. genistelloides also shows interesting traditional and scientific background, but it was full studied and it is advisable to use the existing studies in the promotion of sustainable products with economic potential. Finally we also recommend develop studies on R. boliviensis because there are important chemical and pharmacological results in other species of genus Rubus."
FLAVONOIDES DE BACCHARIS BOLIVIENSIS
(2012) Alberto Calle; Jimena Yupanqui; Yonny Flores; Giovanna R. Almanza
MEDICIÓN DE LOS CAMBIOS MORFOLÓGICOS Y DE BIOMASA, Y DEL CONTENIDO DE ÁCIDO OXÁLICO, DESPUÉS DE IRRADIACIÓN IR Y UV EN OXALIS TRIANGULARIS
(2020) Ruth Nina; Carla Maldonado; Esther Valenzuela; Santiago Tarqui; Armando R Ticona-Bustillos; Flavio Ghezzi; Giovanna R. Almanza
El efecto que tiene la radiación solar sobre la morfología, biomasa y distintos compuestos químicos presentes en las plantas es de interés para la seguridad alimentaria frente al cambio climático. Este estudio tiene como objetivo contribuir al conocimiento del efecto de radiación infrarroja (IR) y ultravioleta (UV-A, UV-B) sobre la concentración de ácido oxálico, la biomasa y morfología en Oxalis triangularis (Oxalidaceae). Para esto, la especie fue expuesta a luz visible con radiación IR, UV-A o UV-B por separado y se estableció un grupo de control expuesto únicamente a luz visible. Cinco semanas después se contabilizó el número de hojas, se observaron los cambios morfológicos, se obtuvo el peso fresco y seco de las hojas y rizomas de cada espécimen, y la cuantificación de ácido oxálico se realizó por espectrofotometría UV/Visible. Los resultados mostraron que la biomasa, altura y número de hojas aumenta con la exposición a la radiación infrarroja, mientras que no se determinaron diferencias significativas en estos parámetros con la radiación UV-A. Con la radiación UV-B se observó despigmentación en los foliolos, un cierto brillo en los mismos por aumento probable de las ceras y una disminución en la altura del peciolo. Respecto a la concentración de ácido oxálico no se observaron diferencias significativas con los diferentes tratamientos, aunque se observa una tendencia a disminuir con IR y aumentar con UV-B. Estos hallazgos podrían tener implicaciones en plantas que contengan ácido oxálico por su valor nutricional, por esta razón se debe continuar con más estudios.