Browsing by Autor "Gonzalo Navarro"

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A new park in the Bolivian Gran Chaco – an advance in tropical dry forest conservation and community-based management
(Cambridge University Press, 1997) Andrew Taber; Gonzalo Navarro; Miguel Angel Arribas
The Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco National Park and Integrated Management Area was established in September 1995. At 3.44 million hectares it is one of South America's largest protected areas. The tropical dry forest of the Chaco, which this reserve protects, is Bolivia's most threatened major lowland habitat type. With the creation of this reserve the protected-area coverage of the Gran Chaco increased to 4.7 per cent. With at least 69 species of mammals (the Chiroptera have not yet been surveyed), it is one of the richest Neotropical sites for this taxonomic group. The Kaa-Iya park is being administered by the Izoceño-Guaraní Indian organization, the Capitanía del Alto y Bajo Izozog, and puts community-based conservation into practice. Threats to the park include encroachment by colonists, ranchers and farmers; the Bolivia-Brazil gas pipeline; and hunting.
A new park in the Bolivian Gran Chaco – an advance in tropical dry forest conservation and community-based management
(Cambridge University Press, 1997) Andrew Taber; Gonzalo Navarro; Miguel Angel Arribas
The Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco National Park and Integrated Management Area was established in September 1995. At 3.44 million hectares it is one of South America's largest protected areas. The tropical dry forest of the Chaco, which this reserve protects, is Bolivia's most threatened major lowland habitat type. With the creation of this reserve the protected-area coverage of the Gran Chaco increased to 4.7 per cent. With at least 69 species of mammals (the Chiroptera have not yet been surveyed), it is one of the richest Neotropical sites for this taxonomic group. The Kaa-Iya park is being administered by the Izoceño-Guaraní Indian organization, the Capitanía del Alto y Bajo Izozog, and puts community-based conservation into practice. Threats to the park include encroachment by colonists, ranchers and farmers; the Bolivia-Brazil gas pipeline; and hunting.
A novel biome concept and classification system based on bioclimate and vegetation – a Neotropical assay
(Pensoft Publishers, 2021) Gonzalo Navarro; José Antonio Molina
The knowledge of biomes as large-scale ecosystem units has benefited from advances in the ecological and evolutionary sciences. Despite this, a universal biome classification system that also allows a standardized nomenclature has not yet been achieved. We propose a comprehensive and hierarchical classification method and nomenclature to define biomes based on a set of bioclimatic variables and their corresponding vegetation structure and ecological functionality. This method uses three hierarchical biome levels: Zonal biome (Macrobiome), Biome and Regional biome. Biome nomenclature incorporates both bioclimatic and vegetation characterization (i.e. formation). Bioclimate characterization basically includes precipitation rate and thermicity. The description of plant formations encompasses vegetation structure, physiognomy and foliage phenology. Since the available systems tend to underestimate the complexity and diversity of tropical ecosystems, we have tested our approach in the biogeographical area of the Neotropics. Our proposal includes a bioclimatic characterization of the main 16 Neotropical plant formations identified. This method provides a framework that (1) enables biome distribution and changes to be projected from bioclimatic data; (2) allows all biomes to be named according to a globally standardized scheme; and (3) integrates various ecological biome approaches with the contributions of the European and North American vegetation classification systems. Taxonomic reference : Jørgensen et al. (2014). Dedication : This work is dedicated to the memory of and in homage to Prof. Dr. Salvador Rivas-Martínez.
A vector map of the world’s terrestrial biotic units: subbiomes, biomes, ecozones and domains
(Pensoft Publishers, 2023) Javier Loidi; Gonzalo Navarro; Denys Vynokurov
A vector map of biotic units encompassing the entire terrestrial area of the earth is provided. It contains a hierarchical system of domains, ecozones, biomes and subbiomes, as a large-scale description of the terrestrial ecosystems. The map can be used for different analysis, including monitoring of climate change.
Advancing the <scp>EcoVeg</scp> approach as a terrestrial ecosystem typology: From global biomes to local plant communities
(Wiley, 2025) Don Faber‐Langendoen; David A. Keith; Javier Loidi; Eileen H. Helmer; Wolfgang Willner; Gonzalo Navarro; John T. Hunter; Changcheng Liu; Reginald Tang Guuroh; Patricio Pliscoff
Abstract The goal of the EcoVeg approach is to fully describe and classify the diversity of the Earth's terrestrial ecosystems based on vegetation and ecological processes. The EcoVeg approach was used to develop the International Vegetation Classification (IVC) and various national classifications, which integrate patterns of vegetation growth form, structure, and floristics with ecological and biogeographic drivers at multiple spatial scales, from global formations to local plant communities. The approach remains unique among terrestrial ecological classifications in providing types at these scales. However, as a terrestrial typology, lack of context with respect to freshwater, marine and subterranean realms limited its clarity. Further, growth forms and structure were limited to readily observable features, which excluded important functional traits. The release by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) of the Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) presented an opportunity to revisit the EcoVeg approach because GET has a conceptually robust, scalable, and spatially explicit functional approach for all of earth's ecosystems (terrestrial, freshwater, marine, subterranean). Here, we briefly introduce the EcoVeg approach and the GET, and then outline a biome‐based revision to EcoVeg and the IVC that builds on the strengths of GET for global terrestrial types and the IVC for continental to local terrestrial types. The outcome is a revised IVC that we rename the ecosystem‐based International Vegetation Classification (eIVC). As with GET, the eIVC has a conceptual foundation based on realms and transitional realms, but it focuses on the terrestrial and transitional terrestrial (wetland) realms. It then fully implements terrestrial biome concepts across all the upper levels based on the integration of vegetation with global ecosystem processes and properties. Interoperable compatibility with GET is reflected in the fact that 84% of the global ecosystem types are largely equivalent, which facilitates the linkage of GET with the continental to local ecosystem types of the eIVC. The revisions that now form the eIVC will enhance collaborative development of ecosystem types across the globe and provide more robust opportunities for co‐application of the eIVC and GET in the terrestrial realm for management, conservation, and restoration.
Aproximación a la tipificación biogeográfico-ecológica de los sistemas acuáticos y palustres de Bolivia
(1999) Gonzalo Navarro
APPROACH TO THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANO ECOLOGICAL CLASSIlCATION OF THE AOUATIC ANO SWAMPY SISTEMS OF BOLIVIA Se propone una nueva clasificacion jerarquica preliminar de los ecosistemas acuaticos y palustres de Bolivia. Esta clasificacion se basa en las pautas repetitivas de la vegetacion acuatica y palustre y en su correlacion con la bioclimatologia, geomorfologia, edafologia, geo-hidroquimica y zoocenosis de las cuencas. En el pais se reconoce la Macroregion Extra-Andina Neotropical y la Macroregion Andina Neotropical. En la Macroregion Extra-Andina, se diferencian dos regiones: la Region limnologica de Llanura aluvial y la Region limnologica del Escudo precambrico. En cada una de estas regiones, las provincias limnologicas se diferencian con criterios principalmente del bioclima (pluvial, pluviestacional y xerico) y de la geo-hidroquimica de las cuencas. Ademas, cada provincia incluye dos sectores limnologicos: amazonico y platense.La Macroregion Andina Neotropical incluye dos regiones: la Region limnologica Subandino-Yunguena y la Region limnologica Punena. Las provincias limnologicas incluidas en estas dos regiones, son diferenciadas tambien basandose en criterios bioclimaticos y geo-hidroquimicos fundamentalmente. Sin embargo, aqui los sectores limnologicos se discriminan en funcion de los pisos bioclimaticos y altitudinales.Para cada unidad limnologica propuesta, se presenta una breve caracterizacion diagnostica, con ejemplos de modelos graficos que representan las pautas repetitivas estudiadas. Ademas, se aporta un mapa preliminar para Bolivia de las unidades limnologicas propuestas. Palabras clave: Clasificacion, limnologia, biogeografia, Bolivia. ABSTRACT Based on the recurrent patterns of aquatic and swampy vegetation and their coffelation with the bioclimatologx geomorphology edaphology geo-hydrochemistry and animal communities of the basins, a new hierarchical preliminar classification of this ecosystems is being proposed for Bolivia. In this country we recognize the Neotropical Extra-Andine Limnological Macroregion and the Neotropical Andine Limnological Macroregion. Inside the ExtraAndine Macroregion two limnological regions are distinguished: the AlIuvial Plains Limnological Region and the Precambrian Shield Limnological Region. Inside each of this regions, the limnological provinces are being distinguished on the basis of the bioclimatology (pluvial, pluviseasonal and xeric) and the geo-hydrochemistry of the basins. Besides, each one of this provinces comprises two limnological sectors: Amazonian and Platean.The Neotropical Andine Macroregion includes two limnological regions: the Subandean and Yungas Limnological Region and the Punean Limnological Region. The limnological provinces that are comprises in this regions, are also distinguished with bioclimatic and geo-hydrochemical factors. Whereas, the respective limnological sectors are discriminated on the basis of altitudinal and bioclimatic levels.For each limnological proposed unit, a brief characterization is presented with examples of graphic models of the recurrent studied patterns. Besides, a preliminary map of the proposed units is provided for the country. Key words: Classification, limnology, biogeography, Bolivia.
BOVEDA, the Bolivian Vegetation Ecology Database: first stage, the Chacoan forests
(Pensoft Publishers, 2022) Jaime de Oliveira; José Antonio Molina; Gonzalo Navarro
Bolivia is a country exceptionally rich in biodiversity and home to about 20,000 vascular plant species and 15 plant formations. Therefore, it is particularly important to document the biodiversity of this territory. The aim of the Bolivian Vegetation Ecology Database (BOVEDA; GIVD ID SA-BO-005) is to record floristic and ecological data of Bolivian vegetation. In the first stage, the database hosts 320 relevés from one of the most unique biogeographical units in the country, the Chaco. In total, 633 species belonging to 114 families have been recorded. Data on vegetation structure, soil, flooding regime and geomorphology have also been stored. The following nine vegetation structural types were identified: (1) deciduous forests of alluvial plains on well to moderately well drained soils; (2) deciduous to semideciduous Chaco forests transitional to the Andes; (3) deciduous and sclerophyllous Cerrado thorn-woodlands and shrublands transitional to the Chaco (Abayoy); (4) xeromorphic thorn shrubland and thickets on vertic, poorly drained soils; (5) woodlands and savannas on sand dunes and aeolian surfaces; (6) freshwater swamp forests; (7) saltwater swamp forests; (8) phreatophytic forests; (9) deciduous to semideciduous Chaco forests transitional to the Chiquitania. Further steps will be to incorporate new types of vegetation already recorded in the field such as Altiplano shrublands, Andean wetlands, Andean Polylepis forests, and vegetation of the dry inter-Andean valleys. Taxonomic reference : Jørgensen et al. (2015). Abbreviations : BOVEDA = Bolivian Vegetation Ecology Database; GIVD = Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases.
Caracterización ecológica y biodiversidad de la cuenca oeste del río Ichilo (Cochabamba, Bolivia)
(2000) Gonzalo Navarro; Wanderley Julio Ferreira
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WESTERN ICHLLO RIVER BASIN (COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA) La cuenca oeste del rio Ichilo en el Departamento de Cochabamba es sectorizada en unidades ambientales homogeneas denominadas sistemas de paisaje. Cada una de ellas se caracteriza por un patron interno repetitivo de ecosistemas (geoseries) dispuestos espacialmente de manera predecible, lo cual posibilita la extrapolacion de los conocimientos acerca de una zona a otras areas. Ademas, conjuntos caracteristicos de animales y plantas se correlacionan bien con estas unidades ambientales. A partir del conocimiento de estos sistemas, podemos predecir aspectos claves relacionados con el desarrollo, el uso del territorio y los recursos naturales. Palabras clave: Sectorizacion, sistema de paisaje, biodiversidad, Ichilo, Bolivia. ABSTRACT The westem basin of the Ichilo River in the State of Cochabamba is divided into ecologically homogeneous environmental units or landscape systems. Each of these systems is characterized by an intemally recurrent pattern of ecosystems (geoseries), that are arranged in predictable ways. This pattem allows the application of knowledge about one area to another In addition, typical animals and plants community composition correlate well with these environmental units. From knowledge gained about these systems, key aspects of land use and natural resource development can be predicted. Key words: Sectorization, landscape system, biodiversity, Ichilo River Bofivia.
Classification of the high-Andean Polylepis forests in Bolivia
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2005) Gonzalo Navarro; José Antonio Molina; N. De la Barra
Climatic definitions of the world’s terrestrial biomes
(Pensoft Publishers, 2022) Javier Loidi; Gonzalo Navarro; Denys Vynokurov
Question : Is it feasible to establish a classification of large biotic units of the world related to climatic types? Study area : The world. Methods : A total of 616 localities have been selected, their climatic parameters calculated and subjected to a PCA. The climatic characterization of biomes and subbiomes has been completed after data analysis. Results : A hierarchical classification is proposed for the biotic units within four main domains: Cryocratic, Mesocratic, Xerocratic and Thermocratic, divided into 7 ecozones, 9 biomes and 20 subbiomes linked to climatically defined territories. Most of the units are intercontinental. The mountains represent an abbreviated version of the latitudinal zonation and the altitudinal belts are related to the corresponding units of the lowlands. For the bioclimatic units, a parallel classification is proposed to fit with that of the biotic units: 4 Macrobioclimates and 10 bioclimates. Furthermore, 7 ombrotypes and 7 thermotypes are recognized to frame the climatic variation within each climatic territory due to terrain ruggedness, particularly in relation to large or medium sized mountains. Conclusions : The southern hemisphere is substantially more oceanic than the northern hemisphere. This is due to the distribution of the land masses and the modifying effect they have on the flow of air and marine currents. As a result, there is one biome and one subbiome exclusively found in the northern hemisphere (6. Biome of the steppe, and 5.b Continental scrub and woodlands subbiome) and two others which are almost confined to it (2. Biome of the boreal forest, and 3. Biome of the temperate deciduous forests). The 7. Biome of the deserts and 5. Biome of the temperate aridiestival evergreen forests and shrublands occur on the western side of the continents and expand in their interior favoured by rain shadow and continentality effects. Taxonomic reference : The Plant List (2013). Abbreviations : ITCZ = Inter Tropical Convergence Zone; NH = Northern Hemisphere; PCA = Principal Component Analysis; SH = Southern Hemisphere.
CONTRIBUCION A LA CLASIFICACION ECOLOGICA Y FLORISTICA DE LOS BOSQUES DE BOLIVIA CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECOLOGICAL AND FLORISTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF BOLIVIAN FORESTS
(1997) Gonzalo Navarro
A new classification of bolivian forests, based on ecological and floristical criteria, is being proposed. The new classification system is based on a bioclimatic zonation of Bolivia and was developed by analyzing standard meteorological information, provided by the Servicio Nacional de Meteorologia e Hidrologia (SENAMHI). The different forest types were arranged considering bioclimatically and biogeographically aspects. Furthermore, they were typified on the basis of their ecological, structural, and floristic properties. For each forest type their known distribution, within the country and characteristic species, are presented. The classification unit used is the VEGETATION SERIES in the context of climax forests and their successional stages. Using this method, 93 vegetation series and/or macroseries were identified within Bolivia. The vegetation series presented here are also being used as cartographic units for a vegetation map of Bolivia that is currently being developed.
Contribución al análisis biogeográfico y cátalogo preliminar de la flora de los valles secos interandinos del centro de Bolivia
(2002) Carola Antezana; Gonzalo Navarro
Ecología y biogeografía del género Prosopis (Mimosaceae) en Bolivia
(2000) Carola Antezana; Margoth Atahuachi Burgos; S. Arrazola; E. Vázquez Fernández; Gonzalo Navarro
EcoVeg: a new approach to vegetation description and classification
(Wiley, 2014) Don Faber‐Langendoen; Todd Keeler‐Wolf; Del Meidinger; Dave Tart; Bruce Hoagland; Carmen Josse; Gonzalo Navarro; Serguei Ponomarenko; Jean-Pierre Saucier; Alan S. Weakley
A vegetation classification approach is needed that can describe the diversity of terrestrial ecosystems and their transformations over large time frames, span the full range of spatial and geographic scales across the globe, and provide knowledge of reference conditions and current states of ecosystems required to make decisions about conservation and resource management. We summarize the scientific basis for EcoVeg, a physiognomic‐floristic‐ecological classification approach that applies to existing vegetation, both cultural (planted and dominated by human processes) and natural (spontaneously formed and dominated by nonhuman ecological processes). The classification is based on a set of vegetation criteria, including physiognomy (growth forms, structure) and floristics (compositional similarity and characteristic species combinations), in conjunction with ecological characteristics, including site factors, disturbance, bioclimate, and biogeography. For natural vegetation, the rationale for the upper levels (formation types) is based on the relation between global‐scale vegetation patterns and macroclimate, hydrology, and substrate. The rationale for the middle levels is based on scaling from regional formations (divisions) to regional floristic‐physiognomic types (macrogroup and group) that respond to meso‐scale biogeographic, climatic, disturbance, and site factors. Finally, the lower levels (alliance and association) are defined by detailed floristic composition that responds to local to regional topo‐edaphic and disturbance gradients. For cultural vegetation, the rationale is similar, but types are based on distinctive vegetation physiognomy and floristics that reflect human activities. The hierarchy provides a structure that organizes regional/continental vegetation patterns in the context of global patterns. A formal nomenclature is provided, along with a descriptive template that provides the differentiating criteria for each type at all levels of the hierarchy. Formation types have been described for the globe; divisions and macrogroups for North America, Latin America and Africa; groups, alliances and associations for the United States, parts of Canada, Latin America and, in partnership with other classifications that share these levels, many other parts of the globe.
Geobotánica y sistemas ecológicos de paisaje en el Gran Chaco de Bolivia
(1999) Gonzalo Navarro; Alfredo Fuentes
Perspectives on Terrestrial Biomes: The International Vegetation Classification
(Elsevier BV, 2020) Don Faber‐Langendoen; Gonzalo Navarro; Wolfgang Willner; David A. Keith; Changcheng Liu; Ke Guo; Del Meidinger
Role of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Remodeling Surgical Approaches for Gastrointestinal Malignancies
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Daniella Ifeoluwatomiwa Odunsi; Hanna Mohammed Sherief; Shaikha Alhajeri; Kinitoli Rochill; Khadeeja Mahjoor; Gonzalo Navarro; D. Marra; Joud Abourdan; J. Ortiz; Ahmad Mahmood Rolse
Series de vegetación de los valles internos de los andes de Cochabamba (Bolivia)
(1996) Gonzalo Navarro; S. Arrazola; Carola Antezana; Edwin Saravia; Margoth Atahuachi Burgos
Se presenta a continuacion la delimitacion General Bioclimatica y las series de vegetacion de los Valles Secos interandinos de Cochabamba. La metodologia empleada se fundamento en un analisis geobotanico dinamico – catenal; metodo basado en el analisis de las discontinuidades fisicas y su correlacion con los diversos tipos de cobertura vegetal y utilizacion humana. En base a la delimitacion de unidades fisicas homogeneas, respecto a la variacion del clima, suelos y geomorfologia, se establecieron tres pisos altitudinales con 10 series de vegetacion con sus especies bioindicadoras, variabilidad, fitotopografia y potencialidad de uso y conservacion. Estas series de vegetacion a su vez se integran en dos grandes grupos; el de la serie Climatofila y la sere Edafo-higrofita. Palabras clave: Series de vegetacion; Bioclima; Valles interandinos; Cochabamba; Bolivia
South American terrestrial biomes as geocomplexes: a geobotanical landscape approach
(Pensoft Publishers, 2023) Gonzalo Navarro; Federico Luebert; José Antonio Molina
The classic and current perception of biome in its various meanings is fundamentally based on vegetation types that are considered as discrete or independent and fragmented entities in the landscape. Vegetation units are characterized by their physiognomy, which is based on the dominant life forms and mainly determined by climatic conditions. However, vegetation units are associated and mutually interacting at a landscape level. They are determined by local or regional, climatic, topographic and edaphic gradients within a given territory or geographic area. In this work, we propose a new conceptual and methodological approach aiming to better understand the biome concept in a landscape framework, developing ideas already partially advanced by us. In this sense, we consider the biome as a landscape complex (geocomplex), that spatially includes one to several vegetation geoseries which, in turn, each comprise the following possible geomorphologically linked vegetation series: i) the potential natural climatophilic vegetation (zonal vegetation) and their seral successional stages which occur repeatedly in the landscape; ii) edapho-xerophyllous vegetation (azonal vegetation such as occurs on rocky outcrops or sandy soils); and iii) edapho-hygrophilic vegetation (azonal vegetation such as flooded vegetation on river banks). Based on surveys and field data (more than ca. 300 transects) obtained by the authors in most South American countries from 1990 to the present, 33 South American geocomplex biomes and 16 macrobiomes were identified and synoptically characterized, through graphic general zonation models (phyto-topographic type-profiles) extrapolated from numerous observations along representative bioclimatical, geomorphological and biogeographically stratified transects. Field data and transect-plots are currently being processed to be included into the “GIVD database”. Taxonomic reference : Tropicos.org, Missouri Botanical Garden (https://tropicos.org) [accessed 1 Feb 2023]. In Memoriam : Salvador Rivas-Martínez
The Central Andean Dry Puna: Characteristics and Threat Categories
(Elsevier BV, 2020) Gonzalo Navarro; José Antonio Molina-Abril