Browsing by Autor "Haagen D. Klaus"

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A Probable Case of Acute Childhood Leukemia: Skeletal Involvement, Differential Diagnosis, and the Bioarchaeology of Cancer in South America
(Wiley, 2014) Haagen D. Klaus
Abstract Cancer involves a complex spectrum of disease conditions. However, cancer has received relatively limited attention in paleopathology and bioarchaeology as it is infrequently encountered in the skeletal record, and its differential diagnosis in dry bone remains challenging. Of all neoplastic disorders, one of the most infrequently described forms in ancient skeletons is leukemia, or the myeloproliferative neoplasms of the reticuloendothelial system affecting bone marrow and blood. This case study describes and interprets a suite of lytic and proliferative lesions in the skeletal remains of an Early/Middle Colonial‐era child (ca. A.D. 1533–1620) excavated at the ruins of Eten, southwestern Lambayeque Valley Complex (north coast of Peru). A secondary burial contained the incomplete postcranial remains of a 5–6 year‐old child whose bones were characterized by abnormal porous loci in the right clavicle, scapulae, long bones of the upper limb, ribs, and thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Additionally, fine areas of new bone formation were present on the clavicle and ribs. Multiple pathological conditions were evaluated in a differential diagnosis, including taphonomic changes and various bone resorbing and forming disorders. The lesions are most consistent with acute childhood leukemia and represent the first of its kind described in Andean South America. The identification of this condition helps focus research questions involving the bioarchaeology of cancer in the Andes, especially regarding the significance of neoplastic disorders in relation to the broader reconstruction of past human health in Peru. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contact in the Andes: Bioarchaeology of systemic stress in colonial Mórrope, Peru
(Wiley, 2008) Haagen D. Klaus; Manuel E. Tam
Abstract The biocultural interchange between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres beginning in the late fifteenth century initiated an unprecedented adaptive transition for Native Americans. This article presents findings from the initial population biological study of contact in the Central Andes of Peru using human skeletal remains. We test the hypothesis that as a consequence of Spanish colonization, the indigenous Mochica population of Mórrope on the north coast of Peru experienced elevated systemic biological stress. Using multivariate statistical methods, we examine childhood stress reflected in the prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasias and porotic hyperostosis, femoral growth velocity, and terminal adult stature. Nonspecific periosteal infection prevalence and D 30+ /D 5+ ratio estimations of female fertility characterized adult systemic stress. Compared to the late pre‐Hispanic population, statistically significant patterns of increased porotic hyperostosis and periosteal inflammation, subadult growth faltering, and depressed female fertility indicate elevated postcontact stress among both children and adults in Mórrope. Terminal adult stature was unchanged. A significant decrease in linear enamel hypoplasia prevalence may not indicate improved health, but reflect effects of high‐mortality epidemic disease. Various lines of physiological, archaeological, and ethnohistoric evidence point to specific socioeconomic and microenvironmental factors that shaped these outcomes, but the effects of postcontact population aggregation in this colonial town likely played a fundamental role in increased morbidity. These results inform a model of postcontact coastal Andean health outcomes on local and regional scales and contribute to expanding understandings of the diversity of indigenous biological variation in the postcontact Western Hemisphere. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crypt fenestration enamel defects and early life stress: Contextual explorations of growth and mortality in Colonial Peru
(Wiley, 2019) J. Thomas; Daniel H. Temple; Haagen D. Klaus
CFEDs may be associated with stress experience, but associations with growth and survivorship at later ages is context dependent. CFED prevalence is an ambiguous indicator of stress when used in the absence of mortality data, and even under those circumstances, appears limited by differences in local demography.
Economic intensification and degenerative joint disease: Life and labor on the postcontact north coast of Peru
(Wiley, 2009) Haagen D. Klaus; Clark Spencer Larsen; Manuel E. Tam
This study tests the hypothesis that the colonial economy of the Lambayeque region of northern coastal Peru was associated with a mechanically strenuous lifestyle among the indigenous Mochica population. To test the hypothesis, we documented the changes in the prevalence of degenerative joint disease (or DJD) in human remains from the late pre-Hispanic and colonial Lambayeque Valley Complex. Comparisons were made using multivariate odds ratios calculated across four age classes and 11 principle joint systems corresponding to 113 late pre-Hispanic and 139 postcontact adult Mochica individuals. Statistically significant patterns of elevated postcontact DJD prevalence are observed in the joint systems of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and knee. More finely grained comparison between temporal phases indicates that increases in prevalence were focused immediately following contact in the Early/Middle Colonial period. Analysis of DJD by sex indicates postcontact males experienced greater DJD prevalence than females. Also, trends between pre- and postcontact females indicate nearly universally elevated DJD prevalence among native colonial women. Inferred altered behavioral uses of the upper body and knee are contextualized within ecological, ethnohistoric, and ethnoarchaeological frameworks and appear highly consistent with descriptions of the local postcontact economy. These patterns of DJD appear to stem from a synergism of broad, hemispheric level sociopolitical alterations, specific changes to Mochica activity and behavior, regional economic intensification, and local microenvironmental characteristics, which were all focused into these biological outcomes by the operation of a colonial Spanish political economy on the north coast of Peru from A.D. 1536 to 1751.
Paleopathology of an ovarian teratoma: Description and diagnosis of an exotic abdominal bone and tooth mass in a historic Peruvian burial
(Elsevier BV, 2013) Haagen D. Klaus; Connie M. Ericksen
The variable roads to sacrifice: Isotopic investigations of human remains from Chotuna‐Huaca de los Sacrificios, Lambayeque, Peru
(Wiley, 2013) Bethany L. Turner; Haagen D. Klaus; Sarah V. Livengood; Leslie Ellen Brown; Fausto Saldaña; Carlos Wester
This study investigates two key variables-residential context and subsistence-among sacrificial victims dating to the Late Horizon (A.D. 1450-1532) in the Huaca de los Sacrificios at the Chotuna-Chornancap Archaeological Complex in north coastal Peru. We investigate whether aspects of sacrifice in this distant coastal province mirrored that found in Inca heartland contexts such as the capacocha, or remained more typical of coastal sacrificial traditions. Stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope values were characterized in bone carbonate, bone collagen, and hair keratin to estimate geographic residence during the decade before death and diet in the decade, versus months, before death. Bone δ18 Ocarbonate values have a mean (±SD) of 26.8 ± 1.1%, bone δ13 Ccarbonate values -6.7 ± 1.7%, and bone δ(13) Ccollagen values 11.8 ± 1.3%; bone δ15 Ncollagen values have a mean of 11.5 ± 1.3%. Combined hair δ13 Ckeratin values have a mean of -12.8 ± 1.6%, and hair δ15 Nkeratin values 10.8 ± 1.3%. In contrast to contemporaneous coastal and highland contexts, we are unable to identify immigrants among the sacrificed individuals or changes in diet that indicate provisioning with a standardized diet leading up to death. Instead, results suggest that victims were local to the area, but consumed moderately variable diets consistent with local subsistence patterns. These findings suggest a distinct pattern of human sacrifice in the Late Horizon and underscore the regional and temporal variation in sacrificial practices in the central Andes.
Vida y muerte en el Perú colonial: inicios de la bioarqueología en Lambayeque histórico (1536-1750 d.C.)
(Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, 2016) Haagen D. Klaus
Considerando la totalidad de los desarrollos y dinmicas culturales que abarca la historia andina, el contacto entre los andinos y los europeos a partir del siglo XVI no tiene precedentes en trminos de su alcance, impacto y violencia. Paradjicamente, es la poca que ha recibido poca atencin arqueolgica. El Per histrico, casi siempre, ha sido estudiado a travs de las fuentes etnohistricas que son reveladoras e incompletas, a menudo distorsionadas por capas de etnocentrismo europeo y percepcin errnea del comportamiento de las culturas andinas. A menudo, la vida misma y los matices de las experiencias vividas por las culturas nativas son desconocidos, y estn cubiertos de misterio y de una amplia gama de supuestos acerca de la sociedad colonial que surgi de la estela de la conquista. En este artculo, se aplican las perspectivas bioarqueolgicas en el estudio de los Andes Centrales coloniales. Las excavaciones en el pueblo de Mrrope, valle de Lambayeque (Costa Norte del Per), nos permiten integrar mltiples lneas de datos independientes etnohistricos, arqueolgicos y biolgicos para examinar dos cuestiones centrales: 1) Cmo impact la conquista en los patrones de salud, actividad fsica y dieta prehispnicos? 2) Qu revelan los patrones