Browsing by Autor "Harry Bermudez"

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    A programme for computer aided identification of Phlebotomine sandflies of the Americas (CIPA): presentation and check-list of American species
    (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, 1993) Harry Bermudez; J. P. Dedet; Mel Duncan; Alda Lima Falcão; M. Dora Feliciangeli; C. Ferro; Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati; E. A. Gomez-Landires; Marco V. Herrero; David Abril Hervàs
    The CIPA programme is a collaborative project including two entomologists from France and seven from South and Central America countries. Its objective is the development of an expert system for computer aided identification of phlebotomine sandflies from the Americas. It also includes the formation of data bases for bibliographic, taxonomic and biogeographic data. Participant consensus on taxonomic prerequisites, standardization in bibliographic data collections and selection of descriptive variables for the final programme has been established through continuous communication among participants and annual meetings. The adopted check-list of American sandflies presented here includes 386 specific taxa, ordered into three genera and 28 sub-genera or species groups.
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    American tegumentary leishmaniasis: antigen-gene polymorphism, taxonomy and clinical pleomorphism
    (Elsevier BV, 2004) Ana Lineth García; A. Kindt; Kelly Wilber Quispe‐Tintaya; Harry Bermudez; Alejandro Llanos‐Chea; Jorge Arévalo; Anne‐Laure Bañuls; Simonne De Doncker; D. Le Ray; Jean‐Claude Dujardin
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    Generic sodium stibogluconate is as safe and effective as branded meglumine antimoniate, for the treatment of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Isiboro Secure Park, Bolivia
    (Maney Publishing, 2006) Harry Bermudez; E. Rojas; Lineth García; P. Desjeux; J.-C. Dujardin; Marleen Boelaert; François Chappuis
    Human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucous leishmaniasis (ML) are highly endemic in Isiboro Secure Park, which lies in the Bolivian department of Cochabamba--an area where branded meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) is expensive and poorly distributed. The safety and efficacy of generic sodium stibogluconate (SSG), from Albert David Ltd, was therefore explored, in CL and ML cases from the park, who were treated with 20 mg/kg.day for 20 and 30 days, respectively. A questionnaire recording adverse effects was completed by a physician in each treatment centre. Efficacy of treatment was assessed at the end of treatment and at follow-ups 1 month and 3, 6 and 12 months later. Overall, 146 patients completed treatment with SSG in 2003-2004. No fatalities or severe adverse effects were reported but mild to moderate adverse effects were noted in 41 (28%) of the patients. The incidence of adverse effects was significantly higher among the cases of ML than among the cases of CL. Of the 86 patients with CL who completed 6 months of follow-up, 81 (94.2%) were considered to have been clinically cured; a comparable cohort of 69 CL cases who had been treated with Glucantime in 2001-2002 showed a similar frequency of clinical cure (90%). Generic SSG was shown to be safe and efficacious for the treatment of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Bolivia. Being several times cheaper than Glucantime, it could contribute to improving the access of CL and ML patients to treatment, not only in Bolivia but also in other countries of Latin America.
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    Karyotype plasticity in Neotropical<i>Leishmania</i>: an index for measuring genomic distance among<i>L. (V.) peruviana</i>and<i>L. (V.) braziliensis</i>populations
    (Cambridge University Press, 1995) Jean‐Claude Dujardin; Jean‐Pierre Dujardin; Michel Tibayrenc; G. Timperman; Simonne De Doncker; D. Jacquet; Jorge Arévalo; Alejandro Llanos‐Cuentas; Humberto Guerra; Harry Bermudez
    A method for phenetic analysis of karyotype data has been developed for Leishmania populations. Measurement of size difference between chromosomes recognized by a given DNA probe in different isolates led to the formulation of a Chromosome Size Difference Index (CSDI). The method was applied to phenetic analysis of 4 sets of chromosomes--each set being recognized by a different probe--in 37 L. (Viannia) peruviana isolates sampled along a North-South transect through the Peruvian Andes and, in 11 L. (V.) braziliensis isolates from the Amazonian forest (Peru, Bolivia and Brazil). Karyotype variability was better accounted for by CSDI than by a method based on disjunctive encoding of karyotype data. CSDI evidenced the nature of relationships between L. braziliensis and L. peruviana and it provided a coherent picture of geographical and genomic differentiation among parasite populations. The latter did cluster according to their geographical origin. L. braziliensis was found karyotypically more homogeneous than L. peruviana. Within L. peruviana, Northern populations were closer to L. braziliensis than to Southern L. peruviana populations. The validity of karyotypic populations, or karyodemes, was sustained.
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    Leishmaniasis in the Lowlands of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part IV. Field Identification Key for Lutzomya SPP. Based on Thoracic External Characters
    (1989) Harry Bermudez; A. Rivero; J. L. Claure; B. Montalvan; Suélen Tainara Flores da Rocha
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    Leishmaniasis in the Lowlands of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part VII. Preliminary Characterization of Eleven Leishmania Isolates
    (1989) R. Urjel; M. Recacoechea; P. Desjeux; Harry Bermudez; G Villarroel; S. Balderrama; José Miguel Carrasco; Olga Aguilar; J. Cl. Dujardin; D. Le Ray
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    Leishmaniasis in the lowlands of Bolivia. Entomological studies on sandflies of the "Valle del Sacta". Tropical Carrasco of the Department of Cochabamba.
    (National Institutes of Health, 1995) Harry Bermudez; Garcia Al; Francisco Troncoso
    Up to 1987, through the LEISHBOL project (CEE-STD1) studies on sandflies were performed in the rain forests of Yapacani, a region of the Department of Santa Cruz. In another set of studies, also carried out within the LEISHBOLPE project (CEE-STD2), sandflies were studied in the rain forests of the "Valle del Sacta, Prov. Carrasco" of the Departament of Cochabamba, to determine the composition of the species, its density, the anthropophilic species, and its infection by flagellates. 18 species were identified, from those collected in the Valle del Sacta, one of which was a new species now being described as Lutzomyia lerayi n-sp. Only 7 species are common with those identified in Yapacani, in spite of the proximity and of the apparent similarity of the biotopes. Lu. shawi was the only species captured practically year round, and highest densities were identified in October with 7.6 "females/hour/shannon trap". The lowest monthly density occurred in July with "0.2 female/hour/shannon trap." In relation to the altitudinal density of Lu. shawi, it was higher at 5 meters (5.5 females/night/CDC in October) than at 1 meter (2.3 females/night/CDC-trap in November) above ground level. The following species was detected as anthropophilic: Lu. shawi, Lu. amazonensis, Lu. evangelistai and Lu. sherlocki. 4.5% (7 of 154) of Lu. shawi were found to be infected by flagellates in suprapiloric position. The composition of the sandfly species of Valle del Sacta is different than that of Yacapani. The most important species of Valle del Sacta is Lu. shawi, instead of Lu. yucumensis of Yapacani.
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    Leishmaniasis in the Lowlawnds of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part VIII. Characterization and Identification of Bolivian Isolates by PFG Karyotyping
    (1989) J. Cl. Dujardin; Nadesan Gajendran; R. Hamers; G. Matthijsen; R. Urjel; M. Recacoechea; G Villarroel; Harry Bermudez; P. Desjeux; Simonne De Doncker
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    Metric Differences Between Silvatic and Domestic Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Bolivia
    (Oxford University Press, 1997) Jean Dujardin; Harry Bermudez; CE Casini; Christopher J. Schofield; Michel Tibayrenc
    One hundred and fifty-seven specimens of Bolivian Triatoma infestans (Klug 1834), including 44 from the silvatic focus at Cochabamba (Bolivia), were compared using morphometric characters of the head capsule. From these specimens, 10 silvatic and 28 domestic adults were also compared using additional morphometric characters of the membranous part of the hemelytra. Nonparametric univariate comparisons between specimens from silvatic and domestic ecotopes indicated the importance of the postocular region as a possible diagnostic character for nymphs and adults from the different ecotopes, and they detected wing differences in males. Populations became more distinct entities when head or wing characters were considered jointly in canonical variate analysis. Regardless of whether size variation was considered, canonical variate analysis generally showed greater significance for wing than for head features. These morphological differences between silvatic and domestic bugs, particularly unrelated to size differences, are interpreted to indicate incipient separation between silvatic and domestic populations that had not been detected by previous isoenzyme analyses, and suggest a reinterpretation of the epidemiological significance of silvatic populations of T. infestans in Bolivia.
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    The use of morphometrics in entomological surveillance of sylvatic foci of Triatoma infestans in Bolivia
    (Elsevier BV, 1997) Jean‐Pierre Dujardin; Harry Bermudez; CJ Schofield