Browsing by Autor "Henrik Balslev"

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Decision-making inputs for the conservation of the western amazon basin
(2013) Carmen Josse; Bruce E. Young; R. Lyons-Smyth; Thomas M. Brooks; Anne Frances; Patrick Comer; Paulo Petry; Henrik Balslev; Burgund Bassüner; Bárbara Goettsch
Diversity of palm uses in the western Amazon
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2007) Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana; Anja Byg; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Mónica Moraes; César Grández; Henrik Balslev
Ecological community traits and traditional knowledge shape palm ecosystem services in northwestern South America
(Elsevier BV, 2014) Rodrigo Cámara‐Leret; Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana; Henrik Balslev; Anders S. Barfod; Juan Carlos Copete; Manuel J. Macía
Ethnobotanical Knowledge Is Vastly Under-Documented in Northwestern South America
(Public Library of Science, 2014) Rodrigo Cámara‐Leret; Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana; Henrik Balslev; Manuel J. Macía
A main objective of ethnobotany is to document traditional knowledge about plants before it disappears. However, little is known about the coverage of past ethnobotanical studies and thus about how well the existing literature covers the overall traditional knowledge of different human groups. To bridge this gap, we investigated ethnobotanical data-collecting efforts across four countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia), three ecoregions (Amazon, Andes, Chocó), and several human groups (including Amerindians, mestizos, and Afro-Americans). We used palms (Arecaceae) as our model group because of their usefulness and pervasiveness in the ethnobotanical literature. We carried out a large number of field interviews (n = 2201) to determine the coverage and quality of palm ethnobotanical data in the existing ethnobotanical literature (n = 255) published over the past 60 years. In our fieldwork in 68 communities, we collected 87,886 use reports and documented 2262 different palm uses and 140 useful palm species. We demonstrate that traditional knowledge on palm uses is vastly under-documented across ecoregions, countries, and human groups. We suggest that the use of standardized data-collecting protocols in wide-ranging ethnobotanical fieldwork is a promising approach for filling critical information gaps. Our work contributes to the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and emphasizes the need for signatory nations to the Convention on Biological Diversity to respond to these information gaps. Given our findings, we hope to stimulate the formulation of clear plans to systematically document ethnobotanical knowledge in northwestern South America and elsewhere before it vanishes.
Genetic structuring in a Neotropical palm analyzed through an Andean orogenesis‐scenario
(Wiley, 2018) Sebastián Escobar; Jean‐Christophe Pintaud; Henrik Balslev; Rodrigo Bernal; Mónica Moraes Ramírez; Betty Millán; Rommel Montúfar
Andean orogenesis has driven the development of very high plant diversity in the Neotropics through its impact on landscape evolution and climate. The analysis of the intraspecific patterns of genetic structure in plants would permit inferring the effects of Andean uplift on the evolution and diversification of Neotropical flora. In this study, using microsatellite markers and Bayesian clustering analyses, we report the presence of four genetic clusters for the palm Oenocarpus bataua var. bataua which are located within four biogeographic regions in northwestern South America: (a) Chocó rain forest, (b) Amotape-Huancabamba Zone, (c) northwestern Amazonian rain forest, and (d) southwestern Amazonian rain forest. We hypothesize that these clusters developed following three genetic diversification events mainly promoted by Andean orogenic events. Additionally, the distinct current climate dynamics among northwestern and southwestern Amazonia may maintain the genetic diversification detected in the western Amazon basin. Genetic exchange was identified between the clusters, including across the Andes region, discarding the possibility of any cluster to diversify as a distinct intraspecific variety. We identified a hot spot of genetic diversity in the northern Peruvian Amazon around the locality of Iquitos. We also detected a decrease in diversity with distance from this area in westward and southward direction within the Amazon basin and the eastern Andean foothills. Additionally, we confirmed the existence and divergence of O. bataua var. bataua from var. oligocarpus in northern South America, possibly expanding the distributional range of the latter variety beyond eastern Venezuela, to the central and eastern Andean cordilleras of Colombia. Based on our results, we suggest that Andean orogenesis is the main driver of genetic structuring and diversification in O. bataua within northwestern South America.
Geospatial patterns in traditional knowledge serve in assessing intellectual property rights and benefit-sharing in northwest South America
(Elsevier BV, 2014) Rodrigo Cámara‐Leret; Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Henrik Balslev; Manuel J. Macía
Our region-wide analysis highlights the geospatial complexity in traditional knowledge patterns, underscoring the need for improved geographic insight into the ownership of traditional knowledge in areas where biocultural diversity is high. This high geographic complexity needs consideration when designing property right protocols, and calls for countrywide compilation efforts as much localized knowledge remains unrecorded.
Las palmeras de América del Sur: diversidad, distribución e historia evolutiva
(National University of San Marcos, 2008) Jean‐Christophe Pintaud; Gloria Galeano; Henrik Balslev; Rodrigo Bernal; Finn Borchsenius; Evandro José Linhares Ferreira; Jean‐Jacques de Granville; Kember Mejía; Betty Millán; Mónica Moraes
Este artículo presenta un inventario de la flora de palmeras autóctonas de Suramérica, conformada por 457 especies y 50 géneros. Se analiza la distribución de este grupo vegetal en siete entidades fitogeográficas y se discuten los principales factores que influyen sobre la evolución de las palmeras en América del Sur.
Las proyecciones de difusión en proyectos de investigación: La experiencia del proyecto PALMS
(2014) Mónica Moraes R.; Henrik Balslev
Local knowledge about palms (Arecaceae) among children in Bolivia
(Oxford University Press, 2016) Erika Blacutt-Rivero; Mónica Moraes R.; Marta Gruca; Henrik Balslev
Palms are one of the most important plant families to rural communities, contributing to subsistence and daily livelihoods. Several studies have investigated the usefulness of palms among adult populations. However, data concerning local knowledge of children are rare or lacking. The objective of this study was to document knowledge about palms among children in Bolivia and to improve understanding of the process of knowledge accumulation. Nine communities inhabited by three different ethnic groups in two different areas were studied. Overall, 290 children 6–13 years old were interviewed. Data gathering was divided into: semi-structured interviews; informal walks in the forest; and drawing sessions. Statistical analyses were performed in R. In total, 521 different palm uses were reported for 27 palm species in nine distinct categories. The highest number of uses was reported for Attalea princeps, Bactris gasipaes, Oenocarpus bataua and Euterpe precatoria. The most common use categories were Human food, Construction, Utensils and tools, and Cultural uses. Our results show that the process of learning started early in childhood. Future ethnobotanical studies should focus on even younger children to understand better the process of knowledge accumulation.
Palm Uses in Northwestern South America: A Quantitative Review
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2011) Manuel J. Macía; Pedro J. Armesilla; Rodrigo Cámara‐Leret; Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana; Soraya Villalba; Henrik Balslev; Manuel Pardo‐de‐Santayana
Palmas (Arecaceae) útiles en los alrededores de Iquitos, Amazonía Peruana
(National University of San Marcos, 2008) Henrik Balslev; César Grández; Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana; Anne Louise Møller; Sandie Lykke Hansen
Se presenta información etnobotánica sobre usos de 64 especies de palmas encontradas en 28 comunidades en el Departamento de Loreto, Perú. Las palmas tienen gran importancia como fuente de alimento (Bactris gasipaes, Mauritia flexuosa, Euterpe precatoria, Oenocarpus bataua), para la obtención de fibras (Astrocaryum chambira, Aphandra natalia), en la construcción de viviendas (Euterpe precatoria, Iriartea deltoidea,Socratea exorrhiza), para su techado (muchas especies de Attalea, Lepidocaryum tenue) y para usos medicinales (Euterpe precatoria, Oenocarpus bataua).
Palmeras de los Leco y sus usos
(2012) Henrik Balslev; Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana; Erika Blacutt; Rosana Moraes; Manuel J. Macía; Alexander Parada; Yanina Inturias; Zamir Perez; Jehizon Teran; Marcelo Aliaga Arrieta
Subandean and adjacent lowland palm communities in Bolivia
(2012) Henrik Balslev; Zamir Pérez Durán; Dennis Pedersen; Wolf L. Eiserhardt; Adriana Sanjinés Asturizaga; Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana
Se estudio la diversidad de comunidades de palmeras en la zona subandina y en tierras bajas adyacentes en 65 transectos (5 x 500 m), que abarcan 16.25 hectareas de bosque distribuidas en un area de 700 x 125 km en el centro-norte de Bolivia. Un total de 38 especies de palmeras fueron encontradas en nuestros transectos. La comunidad de palmeras mas diversa fue la del bosque de hoja perenne de terra firme (28 especies, 4.080 individuos por hectarea) seguida por los bosques premontanos < 800 m, (19 sp. y 2.873 ind./ha) y los bosques inundable de tierras bajas de hoja perenne (17 especies, 3.400 ind./ha). Los menos diversos fueron los bosques montanos por encima de 800 m (2.583 ind./ha en 16 especies) y los bosques caducifolios de tierras bajas, (1.207 ind./ha y solo siete especies). De las 38 especies, 21 (55%) fueron solitarias, 15 (40%) fueron cespitosas y dos (5%) fueron coloniales. Las especies abundantes y dominantes, tanto en el dosel como en el sotobosque, son las mismas que en otros bosques de la Amazonia y aparecen en varias formaciones forestales en este estudio. La elevada riqueza de especies del bosque de hoja perenne de terra firme de tierras bajas se debe principalmente a un conjunto de especies raras que no aparecen en otras comunidades de palmeras. Las especies mas abundantes fueron, en general, especies con distribuciones amplias y que son compartidas por varias de las comunidades de palmeras, lo que sugiere que son especies generalistas. Los bosques montanos tienen su propio conjunto de especies (tales como Dictyocaryum lamarckianum, Euterpe precatoria var. longevaginata y Geonoma undata) que los define, ademas de las especies comunes que comparten con otras formaciones forestales
Subandean and adjacent lowland palm communities in Bolivia:Comunidades de palmas de bosques subandinos y de las zonas bajas adyacentes en Bolivia
(2012) Henrik Balslev; Zamir Pérez Durán; Dennis Pedersen; Wolf L. Eiserhardt; Adriana Sanjines; Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana
Useful palms (Arecaceae) near Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon
(National University of San Marcos, 2008) Henrik Balslev; César Grández; Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana; Anne Louise Møller; Sandie Lykke Hansen