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Browsing by Autor "Henry Garmendia"

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    Estudio experimental de la deshidratación de un crudo mediano usando extractos de hojas de mora y corteza de pino. Experimental study of the dehydration of a medium crude oil using mulberry leaf and pine bark extracts
    (2018) Marco Chuiza Rojas; Yezabel Rivera; John Ramírez; Henry Garmendia
    Resumen La deshidratacion quimica de crudos medianos se ha estudiado usando agentes deshidratantes provenientes de extractos de hojas y corteza de origen vegetal. Las materias utilizadas son hojas de mora (Morusinsignis) y corteza de pino (Pinuscembra). Estos agentes se mezclan con emulsiones sinteticas de crudo Rosa Mediano para evaluar el grado de remocion de agua. La evaluacion se realizo a 40oC y 60oC para emulsiones sinteticas de 15%, 30% y 50% W/O. Los agentes deshidratantes utilizados produjeron el rompimiento de la emulsion agua/crudo. Los resultados arrojaron que el extracto de pino muestra una mayor eficiencia con respecto al extracto de hoja de mora. A 60oC se alcanzo un mayor grado de separacion de agua del sistema emulsionado. Palabras clave: emulsiones w/o, crudos, desmulsificantes, pino, mora. Abstract The chemical dehydration of medium crudes has been studied using dehydrating agents from leaf and bark extracts of vegetal origin. The materials used are mulberry leaves (Morusinsignis) and pine bark (Pinuscembra).These agents mix with synthetic crude oil emulsions Rosa Mediano to evaluate the water removal grade. The evaluation realized to 40oC and 60oC for synthetic emulsions of 15 %, 30 % and 50 % W/O. The dehydrating agents used produced the breakdown of the water/crude emulsion. The results showed that the pine extract shows greater efficiency with respect to the mulberry leaf extract. At 60 o C a higher degree of water separation of the emulsified system was reached. Key words: emulsions w/o, crude oil, dehydrating agents, mulberry leaves, pine bark.
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    Evaluación del catalizador emulsionado Fe/Ni para el mejoramiento de los crudos pesado Evaluation of the Fe/Ni emulsion catalyst for the upgrading of heavy crudes
    (2020) Reyna Tyrone Alcivar; Gabriel Monteros; John Ramírez; Henry Garmendia
    El mejoramiento de los crudos pesados venezolanos es actualmente un reto. Su conversion a materia prima de mayor valor agregado se logra por procesos de craqueo catalitico. La presente investigacion tiene la finalidad de probar la eficacia de un catalizador Emulsionado a base de Fe/Ni en el proceso de vapocraqueo aplicado a dos crudos pesados Pilon y Carabobo. La fase activa de estos catalizadores esta dispersa en una emulsion W/O, donde la fase dispersa son soluciones acuosas de las sales y la fase continua es un corte aromatico. Se vario la relacion Fe/(Fe+Ni) y las condiciones de operacion permanecieron constantes P=1931kPa, T=400°C y tiempo de residencia de 45 min . Los resultados obtenidos arrojan que el catalizador 25%Fe -75%Ni es el mejor ya que, su efectividad se cuantifica con una reduccion de residuo de vacio o fondo de barril, reduccion de viscosidad y un aumento de la gravedad API. The upgrade of Venezuelan heavy crudes is currently a challenge. Its conversion to higher value-added raw material is achieved by catalytic cracking processes. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of a Fe/Ni based catalyst in the steam cracking process applied to two heavy crudes, Pilon and Carabobo. The active phase of these catalysts is dispersed in a W/O emulsion, where the dispersed phase is an aqueous solution of the salts and the continuous phase is an aromatic cut. The molar ratio Fe/(Fe+Ni) was varied and the operating conditions remained constant P=1931 kPa and T=400°C . The results obtained show that the 25%F -75%Ni catalyst is the best since its effectiveness is quantified with a reduction of vacuum residue or barrel bottom, viscosity reduction and an increase of API gravity.

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