Browsing by Autor "Ingrid Gaby Melgarejo Pomar"

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Caracterización de la función cardiorrespiratoria y su relación con el estrés oxidativo en mujeres expuestas al humo de leña residentes de gran altura (3850 m s. n. m.)
(University of San Martín de Porres, 2021) Ingrid Gaby Melgarejo Pomar; Elfride Balanza-Erquicia; Jesús Santiago Gómez-Mendivil; Lizeth Torrez-Colmena; Loyola Riveros Gonzales; Instituto Nacional de Tórax. Servicio Departamental de Salud (SEDES). La Paz, Bolivia; Lizeth Torrez-Colmena; Médico General, Investigador, Consultor.; Loyola Riveros Gonzales; Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), Servicio Departamental de Salud (SEDES). La Paz, Bolivia
Objective: To characterize the cardiorespiratory function and the state of oxidative stress resulting from the exposure towood smoke in women who live at high altitude (3,850 m a.s.l.). Materials and methods: An observational case-series study. The cardiorespiratory function was analyzed, and thebiomarkers of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) were quantified. Measures of centraltendency and dispersion were determined. The statistical methods of association and correlation were implemented. Results: Sixty (60) patients were included in the research. Fifty percent (50.00 %) of the participants showed clinicalevidence of heart disease and 25.00 % had clinical symptoms of respiratory disease. Forty-five percent (45.00 %) of thespirometries revealed normal values. Thirty-six point six seven percent (36.67 %) showed a decrease in the forced expiratoryvolume in one second (FEV₁), forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV₁/FVC) and/or forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75). A decrease in FEV₁/FVC, FEF25-75 and FVC occurred in 8.33 %, 3.33 % and 1.67 % ofthe study participants, respectively. Moreover, a 5.00 % decrease was found in more than two parameters. Sixty percent(60.00 %) of the electrocardiograms revealed normal values, 36.67 % presented an intraventricular conduction disorderand 3.33 % showed dextrorotation of the heart. Eighty-one point six seven percent (81.67 %) of the participants presentedan echocardiographic alteration, 73.33% showed valvular insufficiency, 20.00 % presented pulmonary hypertension and6.67 % had an enlarged right ventricle. The mean MDA was 6 µM/L ± 2, which was positively correlated with the age (p: 0.029).The median COHb accounted for 1.00 % (p25: 0.70 – p75: 1.68). No statistically significant association was found between theCOHb concentration and spirometric alterations. A positive correlation was found between MDA values and the right ventriclewall thickness (p: 0.001). Conclusions: The different alterations of the cardiorespiratory function found in the study population show that bothchronic exposure to wood smoke derivatives and hypobaric hypoxia are an important source of free radicals and leadto a permanent and sustained state of oxidative stress, which is responsible for the progressive deterioration of thecardiorespiratory function with no early clinical manifestation.
Concentración de malondialdehido, en sujetos residentes de gran altura: estudio exploratorio
(National Institute of Health of Peru, 2017) Ingrid Gaby Melgarejo Pomar; Elfride Balanza Erquicia; Lizeth Torrez Colmena; Sergio Quisberth Barrera; Pilar Leina Suzaño Vargas
El objetivo fue investigar el comportamiento del malondialdehido (MDA), biomarcador de estrés oxidativo, a grandes altitudes (3500–4200 m de altitud). Se realizó un estudio exploratorio en 91 sujetos de las ciudades de La Paz y El Alto seleccionados a través de una encuesta y examen clínico; la determinación de MDA se realizó con una técnica colorimétrica. Las medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y porcentajes se usaron para la descripción de datos, la prueba de Mann Whitney y Kruscal Wallis para explorar diferencias entre varones y mujeres, grupo etario y altitud. La mediana de concentración de MDA fue de 4,1 μmol/L (RIC 2,4–5,4), la mayor concentración se encontró en mayores de 40 años. El valor de la media encontrada es mayor que los referidos para el nivel del mar y supone la influencia de la hipoxia sobre los valores del MDA, sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias entre sexo y grupos etarios.
[Concentration of Malondialdehyde in Subjects Living at High Altitudes: Exploratory Study].
(National Institutes of Health, 2018) Ingrid Gaby Melgarejo Pomar; Elfride Balanza Erquicia; Lizeth Torrez Colmena; Sergio Quisberth Barrera; Pilar Leina Suzaño Vargas
The objective of this study was to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress biomarker, in individuals living at high altitudes (3500-4200 m). This exploratory study evaluated 91 subjects from La Paz and El Alto using a questionnaire and clinical examination. MDA levels were measured using a colorimetric technique. Measures of central tendency, dispersion, and percentages were used to describe data, and the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to assess differences between the sexes, age groups, and altitudes. The median concentration of MDA was 4.1 μmol/L (RIC 2.4-5.4) and the highest concentration of MDA was found in individuals older than 40 years. The average MDA levels were higher than those found at sea level, a result we believe is due to the effect of hypoxia. However, there were no differences in the MDA levels between the sexes or age groups.
Estrés oxidativo por humo de leña en mujeres nativas de gran altura - 3850 m s. n. m.
(University of San Martín de Porres, 2020) Ingrid Gaby Melgarejo Pomar; Elfride Balanza-Erquicia; Jesús Santiago Gómez-Mendivil; Lizeth Torrez-Colmena; Jesús Santiago Gómez-Mendivil; Instituto Nacional de Tórax. La Paz, Bolivia; Lizeth Torrez-Colmena; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA). La Paz, Bolivia
Objective: To determine the blood levels of two oxidative stress biomarkers among native women exposed to wood smoke living at high altitude (3,850 m a.s.l.). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) percentage in venous blood, which is also a cellular hypoxia biomarker, were analyzed.Materials and methods: A descriptive case-series study conducted in 74 women between 14 and 55 years of age exposed to wood smoke and coming from the rural area of the Copacabana Municipality (La Paz, Bolivia) at 3,850 m a.s.l. Screening was carried out through a survey and a complete physical examination. MDA levels and COHb percentage in venous blood were determined, and the demographic variables and transcutaneous oxygen saturation were measured. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed and measures of central tendency were calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 18.Results: Seventy-four (74) women between 14 and 55 years of age were examined. This examination resulted in a mean level of 5.5 μmol/L ± 2 MDA and a median percentage of 1 % COHb (p25 –p75: 0.7 - 1.6). Women who used to burn a mixture of eucalyptus and cow or sheep dung had a higher mean level of MDA and a median percentage of 2.5 % COHb.Conclusions: Indoor air pollution (CAI) due to wood smoke increases the oxidative stress among this native population living at high altitude. This is demonstrated by the increased levels of MDA, and the difference against the biomarker levels of healthy native populations living at high altitude and at sea level. In addition, MDA levels and COHb percentages were higher among women who used to burn a mixture of wood and cow or sheep dung due to the higher harmful effects of such mixture.
Síndromes clínicos en la infección aguda y crónica de la COVID-19 en población nativa y residente de altura durante la primera y segunda ola
(University of San Martín de Porres, 2023) Ingrid Gaby Melgarejo Pomar; Elfride Balanza Erquicia; Elfride Balanza Erquicia; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología Médica, Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA). Licenciada en Bioquímica, asistente de Investigación i
Objective: To classify into clinical syndromes the symptoms of acute and chronic COVID-19 infection among a high altitude population during the first and second waves. Materials and methods: A prospective and longitudinal study. An online questionnaire was administered to people infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first and second waves from March 2020 to December 2021. The measures of central tendency were expressed as means and percentages with a 95 % confidence interval. The chi-square test associated the variables and considered a p value ≤ 0.05. IBM SPSS Statistics statistical software V22 was used. Results: A total of 87 women and 63 men with an average age of 44.12 (± 14.56) years participated in the research, out of whom 48.70 % and 51.30 % were infected in the first and second waves, respectively. The 59 reported symptoms were grouped into 19 syndromes for the acute phase and 18 for the chronic phase. The most frequent syndromes in the acute phase were incomplete acute toxic infectious disorders (79.30 %), taste and smell disorders (60.70 %) and anxiety and depressive disorders (56.79 %). Chronic COVID was called post-COVID-19 syndrome and was subdivided into three phases: post-acute, chronic and long-haul. In the post-acute and chronic phases, muscle fatigue and weakness as well as pain and aches appeared, persisting until the long-haul phase, where lingering symptoms were considered sequelae. Post-COVID-19 syndrome occurred in 64.55 % of the participants. Conclusions: This study has shown an increased frequency of symptoms affecting the central and peripheral nervous system in both the acute phase and post-COVID-19 syndrome. It is possible that hypobaric hypoxia, by prolonging inflammation and stimulating oxidative stress, may lead to a longer post-COVID-19 syndrome, with a greater impact on the nervous system.