Browsing by Autor "Isabel Cantera"

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Dynamics and drivers of mycorrhizal fungi after glacier retreat
(Wiley, 2024) Alexis Carteron; Isabel Cantera; Alessia Guerrieri; Silvio Marta; Aurélie Bonin; Roberto Ambrosini; Fabien Anthelme; Roberto Sergio Azzoni; Peter C. Almond; Pablo Alviz Gazitúa
The development of terrestrial ecosystems depends greatly on plant mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi. The global retreat of glaciers exposes nutrient-poor substrates in extreme environments and provides a unique opportunity to study early successions of mycorrhizal fungi by assessing their dynamics and drivers. We combined environmental DNA metabarcoding and measurements of local conditions to assess the succession of mycorrhizal communities during soil development in 46 glacier forelands around the globe, testing whether dynamics and drivers differ between mycorrhizal types. Mycorrhizal fungi colonized deglaciated areas very quickly (< 10 yr), with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi tending to become more diverse through time compared to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Both alpha- and beta-diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were significantly related to time since glacier retreat and plant communities, while microclimate and primary productivity were more important for ectomycorrhizal fungi. The richness and composition of mycorrhizal communities were also significantly explained by soil chemistry, highlighting the importance of microhabitat for community dynamics. The acceleration of ice melt and the modifications of microclimate forecasted by climate change scenarios are expected to impact the diversity of mycorrhizal partners. These changes could alter the interactions underlying biotic colonization and belowground-aboveground linkages, with multifaceted impacts on soil development and associated ecological processes.
Local climate modulates the development of soil nematode communities after glacier retreat
(Wiley, 2023) Alessia Guerrieri; Isabel Cantera; Silvio Marta; Aurélie Bonin; Alexis Carteron; Roberto Ambrosini; Marco Caccianiga; Fabien Anthelme; Roberto Sergio Azzoni; Peter C. Almond
The worldwide retreat of glaciers is causing a faster than ever increase in ice-free areas that are leading to the emergence of new ecosystems. Understanding the dynamics of these environments is critical to predicting the consequences of climate change on mountains and at high latitudes. Climatic differences between regions of the world could modulate the emergence of biodiversity and functionality after glacier retreat, yet global tests of this hypothesis are lacking. Nematodes are the most abundant soil animals, with keystone roles in ecosystem functioning, but the lack of global-scale studies limits our understanding of how the taxonomic and functional diversity of nematodes changes during the colonization of proglacial landscapes. We used environmental DNA metabarcoding to characterize nematode communities of 48 glacier forelands from five continents. We assessed how different facets of biodiversity change with the age of deglaciated terrains and tested the hypothesis that colonization patterns are different across forelands with different climatic conditions. Nematodes colonized ice-free areas almost immediately. Both taxonomic and functional richness quickly increased over time, but the increase in nematode diversity was modulated by climate, so that colonization started earlier in forelands with mild summer temperatures. Colder forelands initially hosted poor communities, but the colonization rate then accelerated, eventually leveling biodiversity differences between climatic regimes in the long term. Immediately after glacier retreat, communities were dominated by colonizer taxa with short generation time and r-ecological strategy but community composition shifted through time, with increased frequency of more persister taxa with K-ecological strategy. These changes mostly occurred through the addition of new traits instead of their replacement during succession. The effects of local climate on nematode colonization led to heterogeneous but predictable patterns around the world that likely affect soil communities and overall ecosystem development.
The development of terrestrial ecosystems emerging after glacier retreat
(Nature Portfolio, 2024) Gentile Francesco Ficetola; Silvio Marta; Alessia Guerrieri; Isabel Cantera; Aurélie Bonin; Sophie Cauvy‐Fraunié; Roberto Ambrosini; Marco Caccianiga; Fabien Anthelme; Roberto Sergio Azzoni
The importance of species addition ‘versus’ replacement varies over succession in plant communities after glacier retreat
(Nature Portfolio, 2024) Isabel Cantera; Alexis Carteron; Alessia Guerrieri; Silvio Marta; Aurélie Bonin; Roberto Ambrosini; Fabien Anthelme; Roberto Sergio Azzoni; Peter C. Almond; Pablo Alviz Gazitúa
The importance of species addition versus replacement varies over succession in plant communities after glacial retreat
(Research Square (United States), 2023) Isabel Cantera; Alexis Carteron; Alessia Guerrieri; Silvio Marta; Aurélie Bonin; Roberto Ambrosini; Fabien Anthelme; Roberto Sergio Azzoni; Peter C. Almond; Pablo Alviz Gazitúa
Abstract Mechanisms underlying plant succession remain highly debated. A global quantification of the relative importance of species addition versus replacement is lacking due to the local scope of most studies. We quantified their role in the variation of plant communities colonizing the forelands of 46 retreating glaciers distributed worldwide, using both environmental DNA and traditional surveys. Both mechanisms concur in determining community changes over time but their relative importance varied over time along successions. Taxa addition predominated immediately after glacier retreat, as expected in harsh environments, while replacement became more important for late-successional communities. Those changes were aligned with total beta-diversity changes, which were larger between early successional communities than between late-successional communities (>50 years since glacier retreat). Despite the complexity of community assembly over plant succession, our global pattern suggests a generalized shift from the dominance of facilitation and/or stochastic processes in early successional communities to a predominance of competition later on.