Browsing by Autor "Isabela Olinda Mendes Vasconcellos"

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PATTERN OF HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS FOR PNEUMONIA IN OLDER ADULTS IN BRAZIL: ECOLOGICAL STUDY
(Elsevier BV, 2026) Eduarda Beloch; Luana de Prince Guilherme; Sindel Mounzon Quiroga; Leonardo Silva Mendes; Isabela Olinda Mendes Vasconcellos; Bruna Congentino Ten; Juliane Machado da Silva Salim Menzel; Debora Cristina da Silva Lourenço; Ana Carolina Goulart Fernandes
Pneumonia is one of the main causes of hospitalization and mortality among older adults in Brazil, especially in the context of population aging. Immunological changes associated with senescence and the presence of chronic comorbidities increase this population’s vulnerability to severe respiratory infections. With more than 32 million Brazilians aged 60 years or older, the country faces the challenge of adapting its health system to these new demands. This study aimed to analyze the pattern of hospitalizations for pneumonia among individuals aged 60 years or older in Brazil. Observational, ecological and retrospective study based on secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS), extracted from DATASUS. All hospitalizations for pneumonia (ICD-10: J18) in individuals aged 60 years or older in Brazil between 2014 and 2024 were included. The variables analyzed were sex, age group (60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79 and 80 years or older) and geographic region (North, Northeast, Southeast, South and Center-West). Descriptive analysis with tables and Chi-Square (χ²) tests were used to assess the association between variables. A significance level of 5% (p<0.05) was adopted. A total of 2,769,914 hospitalizations for pneumonia in older adults were analyzed between 2014 and 2024. Of these, 1,357,573 occurred in men and 1,412,341 in women. The regions with the highest number of hospitalizations were Southeast (1,164,873), South (609,890) and Northeast (618,807). There was a progressive increase with age, with 1,175,583 hospitalizations (42.4%) in the ≥80 years group. Statistical analyses indicated a significant association between sex and region (χ² = 2,178.61; p<0.001), as well as between age group and region (χ² = 10,966.74; p<0.001), demonstrating demographic and regional variations in the hospitalization profile. The study identified a high burden of hospitalizations for pneumonia among older adults in Brazil, with a predominance of cases in individuals aged 80 years or older and concentration in the Southeast, South and Northeast regions. Differences by sex and age group between regions suggest disparities in the profile of hospital morbidity. The findings reinforce the need to expand access to vaccination against respiratory infections, strengthen primary care and implement regionalized public policies aimed at prevention, early diagnosis and adequate management of pneumonia in older adults.
TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEPATITIS B VACCINATION COVERAGE IN NEWBORNS AND HEPATITIS B-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS IN CHILDREN UP TO 5 YEARS OF AGE (2018–2022)
(Elsevier BV, 2026) Luana de Prince Guilherme; Sindel Mounzon Quiroga; Leonardo Silva Mendes; Eduarda Beloch; Isabela Olinda Mendes Vasconcellos; Bruna Congentino Ten; Juliane Machado da Silva Salim Menzel; Debora Cristina da Silva Lourenço; Ana Carolina Goulart Fernandes
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can progress to severe chronic forms and is responsible for a high global burden of morbidity and mortality. In 2022, according to WHO estimates, there were 1.3 million deaths from viral hepatitis, 83% of which were attributed to hepatitis B virus (HBV). In Brazil, the hepatitis B vaccine has been available since 1998 in the Programa Nacional de Imunizações, with recommendation for administration within the first 24 hours of life. This study aimed to analyze hepatitis B vaccination coverage in newborns and the number of hospitalizations for acute hepatitis B in children under five years of age in Brazil. Observational, ecological and retrospective study based on secondary data extracted from SIH/SUS and SI-PNI, available in DATASUS. Data on newborns vaccinated against hepatitis B within 30 days of life and children up to five years hospitalized for acute hepatitis B (ICD-10: B16) from 2019 to 2022 were included. Vaccination coverage was collected annually, and temporal trends in hospitalizations were assessed by simple linear regression. No association tests between variables were performed, as the objective was descriptive and exploratory. A drop in vaccination coverage was observed in 2020 (65.77%) and 2021 (67.03%), followed by recovery in 2022 (82.76%). In parallel, hospitalizations for acute hepatitis B in children under five increased from 19 cases in 2019 to 29 in 2022. Linear regression indicated an upward trend, with a slope of 4.0 and a coefficient of determination R² = 0.77, suggesting that 77% of the variation in hospitalizations can be explained by temporal progression. Although no inferential analysis was conducted between variables, there is evident temporal coincidence between lower vaccination coverage and increased hospitalizations. The data suggest a temporal association between decreased vaccination coverage in newborns and increased hospitalizations for acute hepatitis B in children under five in Brazil. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine vaccination services may have contributed to reduced coverage in this period. Maintaining universal vaccination, particularly within the first 24 hours of life, should remain a continuous priority in public policies.
TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEPATITIS B VACCINATION COVERAGE IN NEWBORNS AND HEPATITIS B-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS IN CHILDREN UP TO 5 YEARS OF AGE (2018–2022)
(Elsevier BV, 2026) Luana de Prince Guilherme; Sindel Mounzon Quiroga; Leonardo Silva Mendes; Eduarda Beloch; Isabela Olinda Mendes Vasconcellos; Bruna Congentino Ten; Juliane Machado da Silva Salim Menzel; Debora Cristina da Silva Lourenço; Ana Carolina Goulart Fernandes
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can progress to severe chronic forms and is responsible for a high global burden of morbidity and mortality. In 2022, according to WHO estimates, there were 1.3 million deaths from viral hepatitis, 83% of which were attributed to hepatitis B virus (HBV). In Brazil, the hepatitis B vaccine has been available since 1998 in the Programa Nacional de Imunizações, with recommendation for administration within the first 24 hours of life. This study aimed to analyze hepatitis B vaccination coverage in newborns and the number of hospitalizations for acute hepatitis B in children under five years of age in Brazil. Observational, ecological and retrospective study based on secondary data extracted from SIH/SUS and SI-PNI, available in DATASUS. Data on newborns vaccinated against hepatitis B within 30 days of life and children up to five years hospitalized for acute hepatitis B (ICD-10: B16) from 2019 to 2022 were included. Vaccination coverage was collected annually, and temporal trends in hospitalizations were assessed by simple linear regression. No association tests between variables were performed, as the objective was descriptive and exploratory. A drop in vaccination coverage was observed in 2020 (65.77%) and 2021 (67.03%), followed by recovery in 2022 (82.76%). In parallel, hospitalizations for acute hepatitis B in children under five increased from 19 cases in 2019 to 29 in 2022. Linear regression indicated an upward trend, with a slope of 4.0 and a coefficient of determination R² = 0.77, suggesting that 77% of the variation in hospitalizations can be explained by temporal progression. Although no inferential analysis was conducted between variables, there is evident temporal coincidence between lower vaccination coverage and increased hospitalizations. The data suggest a temporal association between decreased vaccination coverage in newborns and increased hospitalizations for acute hepatitis B in children under five in Brazil. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine vaccination services may have contributed to reduced coverage in this period. Maintaining universal vaccination, particularly within the first 24 hours of life, should remain a continuous priority in public policies.
TRENDS IN TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITALIZATIONS IN BRAZIL BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: DESCRIPTIVE ECOLOGICAL STUDY
(Elsevier BV, 2026) Sindel Mounzon Quiroga; Leonardo Silva Mendes; Luana de Prince Guilherme; Eduarda Beloch; Bruna Congentino Ten; Juliane Machado da Silva Salim Menzel; Isabela Olinda Mendes Vasconcellos; Debora Cristina da Silva Lourenço; Ana Clara Aragão Fernandes
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Brazil, 68,271 new cases were reported in 2021, with an incidence of 32 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2020, there were 4,543 deaths from TB, corresponding to a mortality rate of 2.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. The COVID-19 pandemic directly impacted the diagnosis and treatment of chronic and infectious diseases. This study aimed to analyze trends in hospitalizations for pulmonary TB in Brazil. Observational, ecological, retrospective study using secondary data from the Brazilian Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), obtained from DATASUS. All hospitalizations for pulmonary TB (ICD-10 A15.0) between 2018 and 2024 were included, without restriction by sex, age, or region. Years were grouped into three periods: pre-pandemic (2018–2019), pandemic (2020–2021), and post-pandemic (2022–2024). The annual mean number of hospitalizations was calculated for each period. Statistical comparison between groups was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a 5% significance level (p<0.05). Mean annual hospitalizations for pulmonary TB were 5,641.5 in the pre-pandemic period, 8,884.5 during the pandemic, and 11,230.3 in the post-pandemic period. Although data show an upward trend in hospitalizations, the Kruskal-Wallis test did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between periods (H = 3.18; p=0.204). Despite the lack of statistically significant differences between periods, the data suggest an increasing trend in hospitalizations for pulmonary TB after the pandemic. Disruptions in health services during COVID-19, resource reallocation, and patients’ hesitation to seek care may have contributed to diagnostic delays and more severe cases. Continued monitoring is essential to assess indirect effects of the pandemic and to plan control strategies focusing on early diagnosis and access to treatment.