Browsing by Autor "Jean Paul Benavides"

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Conformity and tradition are more important than environmental values in constraining resource overharvest
(Public Library of Science, 2023) Glenn Wright; Carl Salk; Piotr Magnuszewski; Joanna Stefańska; Krister Andersson; Jean Paul Benavides; Robin L. Chazdon
We present the results of a hybrid research design that borrows from both experimental techniques-experimental games-and observational techniques-surveys-to examine the relationships between basic human values and exposure to natural ecosystems, on the one hand, and collective action for resource governance, on the other. We initially hypothesize that more frequent exposure to forests, and more pro-environmental values will be associated with more conservation action. However, we find that other values-tradition and conformity-are more important than pro-environmental values or exposure to nature. Our results imply that resource governance is likely to be more successful where resource users hold values that facilitate cooperation, not necessarily strong pro-environmental values.
Eroding Traditional Ecological Knowledge. A Case Study in Bolivia
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2022) Helga Gruberg; Joost Dessein; M. d' Haese; Eliana Alba; Jean Paul Benavides
Estimación de la biomasa del cultivo de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) mediante teledetección de imágenes multiespectrales
(2024) Luz María Vigabriel Navarro; Javier M. Osorio Leyton; Carlos Eduardo Quezada Lambertín; Jean Paul Benavides
Este estudio explora el potencial de los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV) y el análisis de imágenes multiespectrales para estimar la biomasa del cultivo de cebada en el altiplano boliviano. Utilizando un dron equipado con una cámara multiespectral, se capturaron imágenes de cultivos de cebada, cuya biomasa se estimó mediante el cálculo del índice de vegetación NDVI y la aplicación de una ecuación de regresión polinomial basada en este índice. La metodología probó ser eficiente y precisa, ofreciendo una alternativa no invasiva y costo-efectiva a largo plazo para la investigación agrícola y la toma de decisiones en comparación con los métodos convencionales. Este enfoque, que combina la teledetección con modelos analíticos avanzados, demuestra una fuerte correlación entre el NDVI y la biomasa de la cebada, con un coeficiente de determinación (R2) de 0.94, resaltando la viabilidad de esta tecnología para mejorar el monitoreo agrícola y optimizar la producción de cultivos en regiones con limitaciones climáticas y de recursos. Esta investigación abre nuevas oportunidades en el uso de la teledetección para mejorar la gestión agrícola y optimizar la producción de cultivos, proporcionando a los agricultores una herramienta precisa y eficiente para la toma de decisiones informadas.
Institutional diversity and local forest governance
(Elsevier BV, 2013) Krister Andersson; Jean Paul Benavides; Rosario León
Is Greenhouse Rainwater Harvesting Enough to Satisfy the Water Demand of Indoor Crops? Application to the Bolivian Altiplano
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022) Juan‐Manuel Sayol; Veriozka Azeñas; Carlos Eduardo Quezada Lambertín; Isabel Vigo; Jean Paul Benavides
As many other regions worldwide, the Bolivian Altiplano has to cope with water scarcity during dry periods, which in turn impacts on crop production as flood irrigation is overwhelmingly extended in the region. Since farming is the main income in the Altiplano for most families, the availability of greenhouses with water harvesting systems may represent a solution to warrant all year round production and food access. We study the daily satisfied water demand from a balance between rainfall collected by a greenhouse roof and water used for indoor crop irrigation assuming a tank is available for water storage. This balance is analyzed for 25 greenhouses spread over Batallas Municipality, close to Titicaca Lake, Bolivia, and for two case studies: (i) using irrigation data collected from farmers in the frame of a regional project; (ii) using theoretical daily water requirements assuming an intense greenhouse farming. Our evaluation includes a sensitivity analysis of relevant parameters, such as the influence of the time window of rainfall used in the simulation, the runoff coefficient, the roof surface area, the irrigation drip system, the irrigation frequency, the crop coefficient, the volume of water used for crop irrigation, and the capacity of the water tank. Overall, we find that the runoff coefficient has little impact on the satisfied demand rate, while all other parameters can play an important role depending on the greenhouse considered. Some greenhouses are able to irrigate crops normally during the wet season, while during the dry season, greenhouses are not able to satisfy more than 50% of the theoretical water requirements, even when large tanks are considered. Based on these results, we recommend the construction of greenhouses with a ground surface of <50 m2 attached to the largest available covered water tank. The information here provided can be used by stakeholders to decide their policies of investment in infrastructures in the Altiplano. Finally, the approach we follow can be applied to any other region where rainfall, temperature, and greenhouse data are available.
Las paradojas del desarrollo andino-amazónico en el siglo XXI: crecimiento extractivista, logros sociales y pérdida de patrimonio ambiental
(2019) Fernanda Wanderley; Horacio Vera Cossio; Jean Paul Benavides; Universidad Católica Boliviana «San Pablo»; Jean Paul Benavides; Universidad Católica Boliviana «San Pablo»
El artículo analiza los resultados sociales, ambientales y económicos en Bolivia, Colombia, Perú y Ecuador durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI. Estos países comparten una biozona megadiversa con un excepcional patrimonio ambiental; no obstante, no han logrado superar la dependencia de la explotación de minerales, hidrocarburos y alimentos desde tiempos coloniales hasta la actualidad. Enfrentan grandes dilemas: bajo crecimiento económico en el largo plazo, la persistencia de niveles altos de desigualdad y exclusión social, y la aceleración de la depredación de sus ecosistemas. Lo anterior se deriva de su persistencia como economías primario-exportadoras subordinadas a los ciclos globales de demanda y precios de las materias primas. Al respecto, las movilizaciones ciudadanas exigen respuestas al dilema de desarrollo sostenible. Asimismo, con el fin de la bonanza económica, se renueva el debate latinoamericano sobre la superación del patrón de crecimiento extractivista basado en la explotación de recursos naturales en gran volumen y alta intensidad, el cual se orienta principalmente a la exportación de materia prima con bajo valor agregado. Cabe resaltar que esta discusión se ha enriquecido con la incorporación de nuevas dimensiones y temáticas (ecofeminismo, perspectiva eco-territorial, indigenismo, Buen Vivir o Vivir Bien, ecología política).
Power relations in the co-creation of water policy in Bolivia: beyond the tyranny of participation
(UWA Publishing, 2022) Helga Gruberg; Joost Dessein; Jean Paul Benavides; D'Haese Marijke
Abstract Integrated water management is complex and requires the participation of diverse actors to identify and implement transformative solutions. However, power relations can obstruct the more inclusive and equitable experiences of participatory approaches, hence limiting the empowerment of vulnerable groups. It is thus important to study how power relations are influenced by people's interests, socio-political structures, and knowledge in the process of (co)creation of water policies. We use a case study in a rural municipality of Bolivia to address this issue. Qualitative data were collected between 2017 and 2020 and analysed using the elements of the Power Cube of Gaventa as the analytical framework. Results confirm that different factors influence power relations in the making of a water policy such as interests, access to information, habits, and customs. Actors use different forms, spaces, and levels of power to achieve their interests. Our results show the importance and need to analyse power relations prior, during and after the (co)creation of any public policy and to step away from linear and sectoral frameworks of policy development.
Progress in access to water in homes in Bolivia: special attention to inequality issues
(UWA Publishing, 2025) Daniel A. Revollo-Fernández; Jean Paul Benavides; Fernanda Wanderley; Lilia Rodríguez-Tapia
ABSTRACT One of the main challenges facing the water sector worldwide relates to the availability of water for households. However, it is not only important to analyze availability but also affordability, taking into account equity aspects. In this regard, by estimating indicators proposed by the Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (JMP) and using statistical tests of means (ANOVA), it is evident that, in the case of Bolivia, for 2021, basic access to water service was 90.3% nationwide, 98.1% in the urban sector, and 73.0% in the rural sector, demonstrating a statistically significant difference between the two geographic areas. And if considered by income decile, for example, at the national level, the difference between the first and tenth deciles is almost 22.5%. In this sense, although water policy in Bolivia has advanced in recent years, it is important to consider actions to reduce this inequality and thus achieve greater social well-being, especially for the most vulnerable households. Consideration should be given to designing policies that provide assistance, primarily to the most vulnerable sectors, for example, by prioritizing investments in the sector to expand or improve the water network or distribution systems.
Ripples of reciprocity: Navigating trust and collective governance in hydrosocial territories
(Elsevier BV, 2024) Wannes Slosse; Jean Paul Benavides; Boris Branisa; Jeroen Buysse; Marijke D’Haese; Carlos Eduardo Quezada Lambertín; Koen Schoors
Territorios Indígenas versus colonizadores campesinos en Bolivia. Estudio de caso de la comunidad Indígena Yuracaré del río Ivirgarzama (CIYRI)
(2022) Jean Paul Benavides
En los últimos 20 años Bolivia ha mostrado progresos en el reconocimiento de derechos indígenas sobre la tierra, los bosques para el desarrollo de poblaciones tradicionalmente excluidas y como potencial herramientas de conservación del medioambiente. En este estudio utilizamos una variedad de datos recolectados a lo largo de 15 años para retrasar el efecto del conflicto entre indígenas y colonizadores. Mostramos que el reconocimiento de derechos territoriales no es suficiente para las poblaciones indígenas en situaciones de conflicto con otras poblaciones. Los conflictos resultan en la degradación del recurso, debilitamiento institucional propio y agravación general de la situación de vulnerabilidad. La institucionalidad del Estado Boliviano actúa de manera sesgada e impone grandes retos para el cumplimiento de los derechos indígenas.