Browsing by Autor "Jonathan Stieglitz"

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Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: a cross-sectional cohort study
(Elsevier BV, 2017) Hillard Kaplan; Randall C. Thompson; Benjamin C. Trumble; L. Samüel Wann; Adel H. Allam; Bret Beheim; Bruno Frøhlich; M. Linda Sutherland; James D. Sutherland; Jonathan Stieglitz
Does Blood Pressure Inevitably Rise With Age?
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012) Michael Gurven; Aaron D. Blackwell; Daniel Eid Rodríguez; Jonathan Stieglitz; Hillard Kaplan
The rise in blood pressure with age is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Age-related increases in blood pressure have been observed in almost every population, except among hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists. Here we tested for age-related increases in blood pressure among Tsimane forager-farmers. We also test whether lifestyle changes associated with modernization lead to higher blood pressure and a greater rate of age-related increase in blood pressure. We measured blood pressure longitudinally on 2248 adults age ≥ 20 years (n=6468 observations over 8 years). Prevalence of hypertension was 3.9% for women and 5.2% for men, although diagnosis of persistent hypertension based on multiple observations reduced prevalence to 2.9% for both sexes. Mixed-effects models revealed systolic, diastolic, and pulse blood pressure increases of 2.86 (P<0.001), 0.95 (P<0.001), and 1.95 mmHg (P<0.001) per decade for women and 0.91 (P<0.001), 0.93 (P<0.001), and -0.02 mmHg (P=0.93) for men, substantially lower than rates found elsewhere. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking and Spanish fluency, had minimal effect on mean blood pressure and no effect on age-related increases in blood pressure. Greater town proximity was associated with a lower age-related increase in pulse pressure. Effects of modernization were, therefore, deemed minimal among Tsimane, in light of their lean physique, active lifestyle, and protective diet.
Health costs of reproduction are minimal despite high fertility, mortality and subsistence lifestyle
(Nature Portfolio, 2016) Michael Gurven; Megan Costa; Benjamin C. Trumble; Jonathan Stieglitz; Bret Beheim; Daniel Eid Rodríguez; Paul L. Hooper; Hillard Kaplan
Indirect genetic effects among neighbors promote cooperation and accelerate adaptation in a small-scale human society
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025) Jordan S. Martin; Bret Beheim; Michael Gurven; Hillard Kaplan; Jonathan Stieglitz; Benjamin C. Trumble; Paul L. Hooper; Daniel K. Cummings; Daniel Eid Rodríguez; Adrian V. Jaeggi
Explaining the rapid evolution of human cooperation and its role in our species' biodemographic success remains a major evolutionary puzzle. To address this challenge, we tested a social drive hypothesis, which predicts that social plasticity and social selection in human groups cause indirect genetic effects that accelerate the adaptation of fitness, promoting population growth via feedback between the environmental causes and evolutionary consequences of cooperation. Using Bayesian multilevel models to analyze fertility data from a small-scale society, we demonstrate that density- and frequency-dependent indirect genetic effects on fitness promote the evolution of cooperation among neighboring women, increasing the rate of contemporary adaptation by ~5×. Our results show how interactions between the genetic and socioecological processes shaping cooperation in reproduction can drive rapid growth and social evolution in human populations.
Prehistoric Global Migration of Vanishing Gut Microbes With Humans
(2025) Matthew M. Carter; Zhiru Liu; Matthew R. Olm; Mélanie Martin; Daniel D. Sprockett; Benjamin C. Trumble; Hillard Kaplan; Jonathan Stieglitz; Daniel Eid Rodríguez; David A. Relman
Abstract The gut microbiome is crucial for health and greatly affected by lifestyle. Many microbes common in non-industrialized populations are disappearing or extinct in industrialized populations. Understanding which microbes have been long-term residents of the human gut, and may have co-evolved with humans, has implications for the importance of microbial biodiversity loss for health. However, the genetic complexities of microbial evolution and the plasticity of gut microbiome composition have made it challenging to define these long-term associations. Here, we performed deep metagenomic sequencing of the Tsimane horticulturalists of Bolivia and compared their gut microbiomes with the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania. These two populations, whose ancestors were separated for tens of thousands of years, share 1,231 microbial species, most of which are absent in industrialized populations. Population genetic analyses in 636 of these shared species revealed patterns of microbial divergence and gene flow consistent with prehistoric human co-migration, with estimated split times that approximately align with human migration out of Africa and into the Americas. Our findings indicate that a diverse gut microbiome co-migrated with humans around the globe, persisting over millennia. However, many of these species are now vanishing in industrialized populations, and the consequences for human health remain uncertain.
Subjective well-being across the life course among non-industrialized populations
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024) Michael Gurven; Yoann Buoro; Daniel Eid Rodríguez; M. Katherine Sayre; Benjamin C. Trumble; Aili Pyhälä; Hillard Kaplan; Arild Angelsen; Jonathan Stieglitz; Victòria Reyes-García
Subjective well-being (SWB) is often described as being U-shaped over adulthood, declining to a midlife slump and then improving thereafter. Improved SWB in later adulthood has been considered a paradox given age-related declines in health and social losses. While SWB has mostly been studied in high-income countries, it remains largely unexplored in rural subsistence populations lacking formal institutions that reliably promote social welfare. Here, we evaluate the age profile of SWB among three small-scale subsistence societies (n = 468; study 1), forest users from 23 low-income countries (n = 6987; study 2), and Tsimane' horticulturalists (n = 1872; study 3). Across multiple specifications, we find variability in SWB age profiles. In some cases, we find no age-related differences in SWB or even inverted U-shapes. Adjusting for confounders reduces observed age effects. Our findings highlight variability in average well-being trajectories over the life course. Ensuring successful aging will require a greater focus on cultural and socioecological determinants of individual trajectories.
Voluntary collective isolation as a best response to COVID-19 for indigenous populations? A case study and protocol from the Bolivian Amazon
(Elsevier BV, 2020) Hillard Kaplan; Benjamin C. Trumble; Jonathan Stieglitz; Roberta Mendez Mamany; Maguin Gutierrez Cayuba; Leonardina Maito Moye; Sarah Alami; Thomas S. Kraft; Raúl Quispe Gutierrez; Juan Copajira Adrian