Browsing by Autor "Jorge A. Lovera"

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    Modeling of the Refractive Index for the Systems MX+H2O, M2X+H2O, H3BO3+MX+H2O, and H3BO3+M2X+H2O. M = K+, Na+, or Li+ and X = Cl− or SO42−
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021) Wilson Alavia; Ismael Soto; Jorge A. Lovera
    The modeling of the refractive index for binary aqueous solutions of boric acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, lithium sulfate, and potassium sulfate, as well as ternary aqueous solutions of boric acid in the presence of sodium sulfate, lithium sulfate, or potassium chloride, is reported. The refraction index was represented by molar refraction. It was described as the sum of solutes’ partial molar refraction and solvent molar refraction. The solutes’ partial molar refraction was estimated from the molar refraction of the binary solutions. The excess molar refraction for these systems was described with the equation of Wang et al. The polarizability of the solutes present in the studied systems was estimated using the Lorenz–Lorenz relation. The results showed the model is appropriate for describing the systems studied; the interactions of boric acid, sodium, potassium, lithium, chloride, and sulfate ions with water molecules are relevant to explain the molar refraction and refractive index, and those for the binary systems of lithium chloride and sodium chloride are also relevant the ion–ion interactions. The model is robust and presents estimation capabilities within and beyond the concentrations and temperature range studied. Therefore, the outcomes represent valuable information to understand and follow the industrial processing of natural brines.
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    Using the modified Pitzer model to analyze the solubilities of sodium and potassium halides in aqueous mixtures of amides (Formamide, N-methylformamide and N-Methylacetamide) at T = 298.15 K
    (Elsevier BV, 2024) Felipe Hernández‐Luis; Jorge A. Lovera; Raquel Rodríguez-Raposo; Limber A. Choque
    • Solubility of potassium halides (KCl, KBr, and KI) in aqueous mixtures of amides (Formamide, N-Methylformamide, and N-Methylacetamide) were determined experimentally at 298.15 K. • The experimental solubility data of potassium halides along with sodium halides (NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) from the literature were successfully correlated with the modified Pitzer model. • Solid-liquid phase diagrams were predicted for 6 ternary systems Amida-NaCl-H 2 O and Amida-KCl-H 2 O at 298.15 K as application examples of the model. • The performance of extractive crystallization processes with the amides were simulated using the modified Pitzer model for the 21 ternary systems of this study. In this work the solubilities of the potassium halides (KCl, KBr, and KI) in solvent mixtures water-amide (Formamide, N-Methylformamide, and N-Methylacetamide), were measured at temperature T = 298.15 K. These data along with those previously measured in another work for the corresponding sodium halides (NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI), in the same solvent mixtures and at the same temperature, were correlated using the modified Pitzer model. The calculated solubility data are in good agreement with the experimental data for all systems over a wide range of co-solvent concentration. The solubility of a given potassium (or sodium) halide decreases with the weight percentage of the co-solvent due to the solventing-out effect. For all ternary systems, it was found that by changing the amide in the order (FA, NMF, and NMA), the dielectric constant increases and the density decreases, influencing these properties with a decrease in the solubility of the salt. The maximum crystallization yields were determined for an extractive crystallization process with different amides at T = 298.15 K, which also demonstrated the usefulness of the modified Pitzer model in the simulation of separation processes of inorganic salts.