Browsing by Autor "Jorge Castillo"

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Connectivity and Resilience: A Multidimensional Analysis of Infrastructure Impacts in the Southwestern Amazon
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2011) Stephen G. Perz; Alexander Shenkin; Grenville Barnes; Liliana Cabrera; Lucas Araújo Carvalho; Jorge Castillo
Global Economic Integration and Local Community Resilience: Road Paving and Rural Demographic Change in the Southwestern Amazon
(Wiley, 2010) Stephen G. Perz; Liliana Cabrera; Lucas Araújo Carvalho; Jorge Castillo; Grenville Barnes
Recent years have witnessed an expansion in international investment in large-scale infrastructure projects with the goal of achieving global economic integration. We focus on one such project, the Inter-Oceanic Highway in the “MAP” region, a trinational frontier where Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru meet in the southwestern Amazon. We adopt a resilience approach as an integrative framework to understand various types of road-paving impacts. We focus on migration activity as an indicator of retention of collective memory, a concept associated with resilience. We pursue a comparative analysis of the three sides of the MAP frontier as well as subregions within each side. Since road paving may be mediated by other factors, we distinguish among the effects of multiple explanatory factors. Data come from a multinational survey of rural communities. The findings show considerable net migration and turnover, both indicative of eroding collective memory and a lack of demographic resilience to externally induced change in the MAP frontier. The findings indicate variation across the frontier, which road paving helps explain, along with some of the mediating factors. These findings contribute to the literature on the impacts of new infrastructure and integration as well as the study of social-ecological resilience.
Regional Integration and Household Resilience: Infrastructure Connectivity and Livelihood Diversity in the Southwestern Amazon
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2013) Stephen G. Perz; Martha Rosero; Flávia Leite; Lucas Araújo Carvalho; Jorge Castillo; Carlos Vaca Mejia
Regional integration and local change: road paving, community connectivity, and social–ecological resilience in a tri-national frontier, southwestern Amazonia
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2011) Stephen G. Perz; Liliana Cabrera; Lucas Araújo Carvalho; Jorge Castillo; Rosmery Chacacanta; Rosa E. Cossío; Yeni Franco Solano; Jeffrey Hoelle; Leonor Mercedes Perales; Israel Puerta
Trans-Boundary Infrastructure and Changes in Rural Livelihood Diversity in the Southwestern Amazon: Resilience and Inequality
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2015) Stephen G. Perz; Flávia Leite; Lauren Griffin; Jeffrey Hoelle; Martha Rosero; Lucas Resende de Carvalho; Jorge Castillo; Daniel Rojas
Infrastructure has long been a priority in development policy, but there is debate over infrastructure impacts. Whereas economic studies show reductions in poverty, social research has documented growing income inequality. We suggest that a focus on livelihoods permits a bridge between the two literatures by highlighting decisions by households that may capture economic benefits but also yield social inequalities. We therefore take up two questions. First is whether new infrastructure allows households to diversify their livelihoods, where diversity begets resilience and thus affords livelihood sustainability. Second is whether households with more diverse livelihoods exhibit greater increases in livelihood diversity, which would widen livelihood inequalities. We take up the case of the Inter-Oceanic Highway, a trans-boundary infrastructure project in the southwestern Amazon. Findings from a rural household survey for the first question show a strong effect of accessibility on increasing livelihood diversity in areas receiving infrastructure upgrades, an indication that infrastructure fosters household resilience. However, results regarding the second question indicate that households with more diversified livelihoods also exhibit larger increments in diversity, which implies growing livelihood inequality. There remains a need to account for inequalities in livelihood diversity, since less diversified households benefit less from new infrastructure and remain more exposed to risks to their livelihoods.
Trans-boundary infrastructure, access connectivity, and household land use in a tri-national frontier in the Southwestern Amazon
(Taylor & Francis, 2014) Stephen G. Perz; Andrea Chavez; Rosa E. Cossío; Jeffrey Hoelle; Flávia Leite; Karla da Silva Rocha; Rafael O. Rojas; Alexander Shenkin; Lucas Araújo Carvalho; Jorge Castillo
The land science literature has consistently documented the importance of infrastructure for land use. Less attention has gone to land use around national borders receiving trans-boundary infrastructure upgrades for cross-border integration. We take up the case of the Inter-Oceanic Highway, a trans-boundary road being paved in the tri-national ‘MAP’ frontier of the southwestern Amazon. We draw on a tri-national survey of households in rural communities across the MAP frontier to evaluate the effects of access connectivity on land use. At the time of fieldwork, paving was complete in Acre/Brazil, underway in Madre de Dios/Peru, and planned in Pando/Bolivia. This permits a tri-national comparative analysis. The results confirm different effects of access connectivity on land use by paving status; further, they also document cross-border processes stemming from trans-boundary infrastructure that affect land use. The findings call for more attention to the impacts of regional integration initiatives on landscapes.