Browsing by Autor "Juan Mario Lazcano"

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    Illicit Crops and Armed Conflict as Constraints on Biodiversity Conservation in the Andes Region
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2005) Jon Fjeldså; María D. Álvarez; Juan Mario Lazcano; Blanca León
    Coca, once grown for local consumption in the Andes, is now produced for external markets, often in areas with armed conflict. Internationally financed eradication campaigns force traffickers and growers to constantly relocate, making drug-related activities a principal cause of forest loss. The impact on biodiversity is known only in general terms, and this article presents the first regional analysis to identify areas of special concern, using bird data as proxy. The aim of conserving all species may be significantly constrained in the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, Darién, some parts of the Central Andes in Colombia, and between the middle Marañón and middle Huallaga valleys in Peru. Solutions to the problem must address the root causes: international drug markets, long-lasting armed conflict, and lack of alternative income for the rural poor.
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    Tendencia en el uso de la leña en dos comunidades con bosques de Polylepis con énfasis en variables económicas
    (2001) Juan Mario Lazcano; Desiderio Espinoza
    TENDENCY IN THE USE OF FIREWOOD IN TWO COMMUNITIES WITH Polylepis WITH EMPHASIS TO ECONOMICAL VARIABLES Se ha realizado una investigacion sobre el uso de lena en dos comunidades campesinas (Kewina Pampa y Paica) que cuentan con bosques de Polylepis sp en el valle alto de Cochabamba. B objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar el impacto de la economia de las familias en la extraccion de lena, haciendo enfasis en la kewina (PoIyiepis sp), Un total de 7 especies fueron encontradas para el uso en lena, la especie preferida por su combustion y duracion de l/ama es la kewina, sin embargo, no es la de mayor uso debido a patrones previos de explotacion, (el eucalipto, la thola y el aliso son las especies de uso importante en ambas comunidades). En la actualidad la distribucion de la misma alcanza a lugares escarpados y de acceso dificil. B uso de lena por ano en la comunidad de Kewina Pampa por familia es de 2226 Kg. Y en Palca 2907 Kg. La menor cantidad de lena consumida en Kewina Pampa indica un mayor consumo gas licuado (GLP), 5.96 garrafas de 10 Kg./ano, en la comunidad de PaIca el numero de garrafas por familia alcanza a 2.4 garrafas/ano. Sin embargo, la crisis economica que vive el Pais ha impactado en las comunidades reduciendo los precios de los productos agricolas, y aumentando de manera sostenida los precios del GLP debido a su relacion con los precios internacionales. Esto determina una mayor extraccion de lena impactando sobre los bosques ya degradados de Kewina. Palabras claves: Polylepis, tendencias del ingreso, precios, volumenes de consumo, lena, gas licuado (GLP). ASSTRACT Use of Polylepis sp. as firewood in two forest communities (Kewina Pampa and Paica) in the High Valley of Cochabamba was studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic impact of extracting firewood, especially 'kewina', on the economy of the local population. A total of seven species were found to be used as firewood, with preference given to Polylepis because of its hardness and high temperature flame. However as Polylepis sp. are found in less accessible areas, exploitation patterns show that Eucalyptus, 'thola', and Ainus sp. are the most important species firewood sources.Each family in Kewina Pampa uses 2 226 kg yr/l of firewood and in Palca, 2907 kg yr-l. The lesser quantity of firewood used in Kewina Pampa is related to a higher use of liquefied gas. In Kewina Pampa, the consumption of liquefied gas was 6.0 10 kg-cylinders yr/l while in Palca it was 2.4 10 kg-cylinders yr/l. However the present economical difficulties in Bolivia have reduced prices of agricultural products and increasing the prices of liquefied gas. Thus, firewood use has increased and is negatively impacting the already degraded 'Kewina' forests. Keywords: Polylepis, income tendencies, prices, volumes consumed, firewood, liquefied gas,Cochabamba, Bolivia.