Browsing by Autor "Juan Villanueva Criales"

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    Los críticos de Falb. Ciencia, religión y política en las narrativas bolivianas de pasado remoto durante las décadas de 1870 y 1880
    (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Vicerectorado de Investigacion, 2025) Juan Villanueva Criales
    This paper explores the narratives about the pre-Hispanic past in Bolivia at the end of the 19th century. To do this, it investigates the theses presented in 1878 by the Austrian Rudolf Falb that linked Tiwanaku with the universal flood and three reactions published in Bolivia against these ideas by Pedro José Iturri, Isaac Escobari, and Ignacio Terán. An effort is made to describe the points of disagreement between these authors and Falb and to establish their theoretical roots, social circles, and political affiliations. The result is a complex panorama of influences and theoretical positions, where local scholars postulate different narratives of the remote past. They are related both to their political affiliations around the conservative/religious–liberal/positivist dichotomy and to the gradual production of arguments of rupture between the pre-Hispanic past and contemporary Indigenous people within the framework of modernist projection of the Bolivian nation.
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    Los pasados frente al patrimonio. Arqueología durante los primeros años del Estado Plurinacional boliviano (2006-2019)
    (Unión Matemática Argentina, 2024) Juan Villanueva Criales; Salvador Arano Romero
    The answer to the question, heritage for whom? is usually held by States through the epistemically violent insertion of scientific-bureaucratic protocols, thought to be the only ones capable of “recognizing” heritage qualities, which replace local ways of experiencing the past. The Bolivian plurinational State, which seems to promote the decentralization of heritage management and protect local knowledge and worldviews, is no exception. This paper reviews the development of regulations linked to heritage and archaeological work during the Republic of Bolivia (1825-2006). Subsequently, we delve into the development of regulations and carry out statistical reviews on the processes of patrimonialization and issuance of authorizations for archaeological work in plurinational years to observe that the plurinational State increased its control over archaeological heritage through centralizing regulations and the notable increase in Environmental Impact Studies (EIA) to execute large extractive projects and, collaterally, heritage tourism. These activities require maintaining vertical practices that reduce the past to “heritages” reified for consumption. Next, based on some cases of ethnographic ethnography, it is suggested that many local Bolivian communities have vibrant ways of relating and constructing the past, which can oscillate with commercialized relationships such as those of community tourism. Thus, if there are possibilities for a radical transformation of heritage in Bolivia, these do not reside in the State or archaeologists but in the communities, which also do not respond to academic expectations of polarization between the indigenous and the commercial.