Browsing by Autor "Laurent Brutus"

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Antibody drop in newborns congenitally infected byTrypanosoma cruzitreated with benznidazole
(Wiley, 2009) Jean‐Philippe Chippaux; Alejandra N. Salas Clavijo; José Santalla; Jorge R. Postigo; Dominik T. Schneider; Laurent Brutus
Recovery may be confirmed in most cases at 10 months. The CSP test was compared to Chagatest v3.0 ELISA and appeared to give a reliable response. The decrease rate of antibodies does not depend on treatment modes.
Are maternal re‐infections with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with higher morbidity and mortality of congenital Chagas disease?
(Wiley, 2006) Faustino Torrico; Cristina Alonso Vega; Eduardo Suárez; Tatiana Tellez; Laurent Brutus; Patricia Rodríguez; Mary‐Cruz Torrico; Dominique Schneider; Carine Truyens; Yves Carlier
Frequent bites of blood sucking Reduvidae during pregnancy do not induce maternal anaemia, but, likely through multiple maternal re-infections with T. cruzi, increase maternal parasitemia and worsen congenital Chagas disease. Maternal dwelling in areas of high VD is associated with a serious increased risk of severe and mortal congenital Chagas disease.
CONGENITAL CHAGAS DISEASE IN BOLIVIA IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DNA POLYMORPHISM OF TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2006) Myrna Virreira; Cristina Alonso‐Vega; Marco Solano; Juan Jijena; Laurent Brutus; Zulema Bustamante; Carine Truyens; Dominique Schneider; Faustino Torrico; Yves Carlier
This study aims to typify the Trypanosoma cruzi (sub)lineage(s) in umbilical cord blood of congenitally infected Bolivian newborns, using PCR amplifications of "Region Markers", mini-exon or kDNA fragments followed by hybridization or sequencing. New probes were also designed to distinguish three variants within the TcIId sublineage. The IIb, IId, or IIe T. cruzi sublineages, as well as different variants of the IId sublineage, were detected in infected neonates, whereas mixed infections were not found. The frequencies of the IId sublineage were similar in neonates (95.1%) and adults of the same area (94.1%). The IId-infected newborns displayed either asymptomatic, or severe and fatal clinical forms of congenital Chagas disease, as well as low or high parasitemia. Altogether these data show that T. cruzi DNA polymorphism, based on the presently available markers, is not associated with the occurrence of congenital infection or the development of severe clinical forms of congenital Chagas disease.
Congenital Chagas disease: Diagnostic and clinical aspects in an area without vectorial transmission, Bermejo, Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2008) Laurent Brutus; Dominique Schneider; José A Ruiz-Postigo; María Teresa García‐Romero; José Santalla; Jean‐Philippe Chippaux
Door‐to‐door screening as a strategy for the detection of congenital Chagas disease in rural Bolivia
(Wiley, 2011) Mario Romero; Jorge Postigo; Dominik T. Schneider; Jean‐Philippe Chippaux; José Santalla; Laurent Brutus
Despite poorer outcomes after door-to-door screening activities have been transferred to the health system, a combined strategy based on active and passive case detection appeared to be efficient for identifying rural cases of congenital Chagas disease.
Epidemiological evaluation of Chagas disease in a rural area of southern Bolivia
(Oxford University Press, 2008) Jean‐Philippe Chippaux; Jorge R. Postigo; José Santalla; Dominik T. Schneider; Laurent Brutus
We evaluated the prevalence of Chagas disease using a rapid screening test (Chagas Stat-Pak), confirmed by ELISA, in Caraparí, a village of 9000 inhabitants in southern Bolivian Chaco. The prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi was estimated in a sample of 995 people. The prevalence adjusted on age was 51.2% and was proportionally related to age. We also observed a very significant cline from the south to the north of the locality, where the prevalence ranged from 40 to 80%. In children younger than 11 years, the prevalence was 21.5%, which confirmed the importance of residual vector transmission despite several years of vector control. Among women of procreation age, the prevalence was 63.9%, resulting in a high risk of congenital transmission. The control of the disease requires an increase in vector control and improvement of dwellings before considering children's treatment with trypanocide.
Evaluation of compliance to congenital Chagas disease treatment: results of a randomised trial in Bolivia
(Oxford University Press, 2012) Jean‐Philippe Chippaux; A. N. Salas-Clavijo; Jorge R. Postigo; Dominique Schneider; José-Antonio Santalla; Laurent Brutus
The short treatment should be preferred as it allows reducing the dose of benznidazole as well as the cost of treatment.
Evidence of congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a vector-free area of Bolivia
(Oxford University Press, 2007) Laurent Brutus; Dominique Schneider; José A Ruiz-Postigo; Wilder Delgado; S. Mollinedo; Jean‐Philippe Chippaux
A seroprevalence survey of Trypanosoma cruzi was carried out in two areas of South Bolivia. Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Tryp. cruzi, was abundant in the first area, but absent in the second one. Titration of Tryp. cruzi antibodies was carried out in children aged 6-24 months and their mothers. The seroprevalence of Chagas' disease was significantly higher in the area with the vector, but also high in the second area. Chagas' infection in children under 2 years old could be linked to congenital transmission of parasites during pregnancy and/or delivery, despite active vector control in both areas.
Plasmodium vivaxMalaria during Pregnancy, Bolivia
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013) Laurent Brutus; José Santalla; Dominique Schneider; Juan Carlos Avila; Philippe Deloron
Plasmodium vivax is a major cause of illness in areas with low transmission of malaria in Latin America, Asia, and the Horn of Africa. However, pregnancy-associated malaria remains poorly characterized in such areas. Using a hospital-based survey of women giving birth and an antenatal survey, we assessed the prevalence rates of Plasmodium spp. infections in pregnant women in Bolivia, and evaluated the consequences of malaria during pregnancy on the health of mothers and newborns. P. vivax infection was detected in 7.9% of pregnant women attending antenatal visits, and placental infection occurred in 2.8% of deliveries; these rates did not vary with parity. Forty-two percent of all P. vivax malaria episodes were symptomatic. P. vivax-infected pregnant women were frequently anemic (6.5%) and delivered babies of reduced birthweight. P. vivax infections during pregnancy are clearly associated with serious adverse outcomes and should be considered in prevention strategies of pregnancy-associated malaria.
Prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women and incidence of congenital transmission in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2012) Nadin A. Salas Clavijo; Jorge R. Postigo; Dominik T. Schneider; José Santalla; Laurent Brutus; Jean‐Philippe Chippaux
Primer brote reportado de la enfermedad de chagas en la Amazonia Boliviana: reporte de 14 casos agudos por transmisión oral de Trypanosoma cruzi en Guayaramerín, Beni-Bolivia
(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 2011) José Santalla; Patricia Oporto; Edy Espinoza; Tatiana A. Ríos; Laurent Brutus
In October 2010 in the Guayaramerin region, Beni-Bolivia, thick smears were observed and it was detected the presence of flagellar forms compatible with Trypanosoma cruzi. The Laboratory of Parasitology, INLASA by direct tests (smear, thick smear and micromethod variety INLASA) and indirect tests confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in 14 samples. In the epidemiological monitoring it was determined that all cases got infected by oral transmission, through the consumption of a juice of Majo fruit that came from the Amazon region of Guayaramerin-Beni. The monitoring carried out in all cases showed that the onset of infection presented high parasitemia, fever, lymphocytosis, elevated transaminases corresponding to a characteristic clinical profile of acute infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. the isolation of the parasites were done using in vitro culture for identification of the species of Trypanosoma cruzi present.
Risk factors and consequences of congenital Chagas disease in Yacuiba, south Bolivia
(Wiley, 2007) Nadin Alejandra Salas; Michel Cot; Dominique Schneider; B. Mendoza; José Santalla; José A Ruiz-Postigo; Jean‐Philippe Chippaux; Laurent Brutus
The main risk factors for congenital transmission were infection and parasitaemia of mothers. Consequences of the disease seemed mild in newborns from single pregnancies and perhaps more important in multiple births.
Sensitivity and specificity of Chagas Stat‐Pak® test in Bolivia
(Wiley, 2009) Jean‐Philippe Chippaux; José Santalla; Jorge R. Postigo; Mario Romero; Nadin A. Salas Clavijo; Dominique Schneider; Laurent Brutus
The test is simple of use, reliable, relatively inexpensive (<2 US$ each test) and its performances are compatible with a field use for large-scale screenings.