Browsing by Autor "Le Pont, F"

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Bolivian phlebotomines. II. Psychodopygus yucumensis n.sp., a new man-biting phlebotomine sandfly from subandean region (Diptera, Psychodidae)
(Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología Médica, 1986) Le Pont, F
Psychodopygus yucumensis n. sp., a new species of Phlebotomine sandfly belonging in genus Psychodopygus Mang., is described from specimens collected from human bait, in Beni dept., Bolivia. The male is characteristic of the series panamensis, but the female, closely related to P. carrerai carrerai, can be confused with this species (=cryptic species "). Isozyme characterization can determine any specimen of either species, while morphometric analysis shows statistical differences between the two species. P. yucumensis is strongly anthropophilic. A Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis stock was isolated from this new species. indicating that it is one of the vectors of mucocutaneous Leishma- niasis in the lowland suhandean area.
Epidemiología de la Leishmaniasis tegumentaria en Bolivia. 2. Modalidades de la transmisión
(Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología Médica, 1990) Le Pont, F
Abstract In Bolivia the transmission of tegumentary leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (V.) braziliensis depends both on environmental factors and human activities. In the Yungas, transmission takes place in the houses during the night. The vector is Lutzomyia nuneztovari anglesi Le Pont & Desjeux, which enters the houses after 10 p.m. and leaves them befotre 6 a.m. This transmission pattern explains why men and women are equally infected, generally before 10 years old. Some more adults are infected very likely in coffee plantations or in the relict forest where the same vector species abunds and bites in daytime. In the Alto Beni, pioneers, mainly males, are infected when clearing the forest. Three Psychodopygus species have been shown to be the vectors. The risk is drastically decreasing when people establish in plantations or nearby villages because sandfJy vectors do not get easily out of the forest cover. In the Pando, forest people are infected when harvesting Brazil-nuts or bledding the rubber-trees, the two main activities in the area. It is very likely that Ps. c. carrerai is one of the vectors. Pando and Alto Beni primary rain-forests are natural primary foci of Le. braziliensis. So far the mammalian reservoirs are unknown but the circulation of the parasite has been proven by the fast contamination of receptive people entering the forest. The Yungas primary forest may be also considered as a relict focus. The cultivated area of the Yungas is an anthropic secondary focus. The vector Lu. n. anglesi became adapted to coffee plantations from which it enters the houses and transmits the parasite to man. Resumen La transmisión de la Leishmaniasis Tegurmentaria, debida a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis depende a la vez del medio ambiente y de las actividades humanas. Dentro de las zonas de cultivo en los Yungas, los habitantes son infectados dentro de las viviendas, durante la noche por Lutzomyia nuñeztovari anglesi Le Pont y Desjeux, que penetra dentro las casas, hacia las 22 horas, se alimenta y abandona esta antes de las seis de Ia mañana. Esto explica que los hombres y las mujeres sean igualmente afectados y en más del 60% antes de los 10 años de edad. Después de los 15 años algunos sujetos son todavía contaminados durante el día, dentro los cultivos de café y en la selva, probablemente por el mismo flebótomo que allí reposa. Dentro del Alto Beni los colonizadores se infectan en el curso de operaciones de deforestación que son sobretodo actividades masculinas. Tres vectores del género Psychodopygus han sido identificados. Una vez establecidos dentro las plantaciones o dentro las villas, los colonizadores corren riesgos menores porque los vectores incriminados abandonan poco la cubierta forestal. Dentro de la selva de Pando, la población que practica la recolecci6n de látex y de la nuez de Brasil, esta afectada en función de la participación en estas actividades, más masculina que femenina. La selva de Pando y del Alto Beni constituyen focos naturales primarios de Leishmania braziliensis. La circulación del parasito está probada por la infección de flebótomos selváticos del género Psychodopygus y la rápida contaminación de los hombres que trabajan dentro del bosque implicados ciertamente con mamíferos salvajes, mas estos no han sido todavía identificados. La selva de los Yungas constituye probablemente un foco primario residual. La zona cultivada de los Yungas constituye un foco secundario antrópico; donde el vector Lu. nuñeztovari anglesi, especie selvática, está adaptada a los cultivos de café y de cacao a partir de los cuales alcanza y penetra dentro las habitaciones y transmite la enfermedad al hombre.
Epidemiologie de la Leismaniose tegumentaire en Bolivie : 2. Modalites de la transmission
(Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología Médica, 1989) Le Pont, F
Résumé. La transmission de la leishmaniose tégumenta¡re due á Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis dépend á la fois de l'environnement et des act¡v¡tés humaines. Dans les zones cultivées des Yungas les habitants sont infectés, dans leur demeure, pendant la nuit, par Lutzomyia nuneztovari anglesi Le Pont et Desjeux, qui pénétre dans les maisóns vers 22 heures, se gorge, et ressortavant 6 heures du matin. Ceci explique que les hommes et les femmes soient également atteints, et pour plus de 60%, avant leur dixiéme année. Aprés 15ans, quelques sujets sont encore contaminés de jour dans les caféiéres et la forét, probablement par le méme phlèbotome qui s'y repose. Dans l'Alto Ben¡, les colons s'infectent au cours des opèrations de dèfrichements qui sont surtout des travaux masculins. Tro¡s vecteurs du genre Psychodopygus ont ètè ident¡fiés. Une fois établis dans leurs plantations ou dans des villages les colons semblent encourir des risques bien mo¡ndres car les vecteurs incriminés sortent peu couvert forestier. Dans la forét du Pando, la population qu¡ pratique la récolte du latex et des noix du Brésil est affectée en fonction de la part pr¡se á ces activités, plus mascul¡ne que féminine. Les foréts du Pando et de l'Alto Beni constituent des foyers naturels primaires de Le. braziliensis. La circulation du parasite est prouvée par I'infection de phlébotomes sylvatiques du genre Psychodopygus, et la rapide contamination des hommes qu¡ trava¡llent dans le sous-bois implique certa¡nement des mamm¡féres sauvages, mais ceux-ci n'ont pas encore été identifiés. La forét des Yungas constitue probablement un foyer primaire résiduel. La zone cultivée des Yungas constitue un foyer secondaire anthrop¡que; le vecteur Lu. n. anglesi, espéce forestiére, s'est adapté aux caféiéres et aux cacaoyéres á partir desquelles il pénétre dans les habitations et transmet activement la maladie á l'homme.
Leishmaniasis en Bolivia : Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) Vector de Kala - azar en los Yungas
(Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología Médica, 1983) Le Pont, F
Summary. The epidemiological study of kala-azar in the "Yungas" focus shows that L. longipalpis, a predominant phlebotomine sandfly in peridomestic areas (96% of catches) is the main vector, Dissections of L. longipalpis performed at the end of the rainy season allowed to separate 5 stocks which proved close to L. donovani complex, considering their isozymic profile. The infection rate of L. longipalpis populations found around isolated houses, in rural areas, varies from 1 to 4.2%. Transmission is likely to be more active in the warmer bottoms of valleys.
Leishmaniasis in Bolivia. I. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) as the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in los Yungas
(Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología Médica, 1985) Le Pont, F
Abstract. A relatively high leishmanial infection rate was found in the phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis collected from three villages of the Los Yungas region (Department of La Paz, Bolivia). 2,578 female sandfties were dissected. In three houses surveyed in Santa Barbara promastigote infection rates of Lu. longipalpis were 4•2, 2•2 and 3•2% respectively. Anatomical localization of the infection in the insect, and biochemical characterization of the strains indicate that the parasite belongs to the Leishmania donovani complex. The geographical area and the biotopes of Lu. longipalpis are discussed in relation to the vector-parasite relationship.
Leishmaniasis in Bolivia. II. The involvement of Psychodopygus Yucumensis and Psychodopygus LLanosMartinsi in the selvatic transmission lowland subandean region
(Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología Médica, 1986) Le Pont, F
An epidemiological survey of the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis ("espúndia" type) was carried out in the Alto Beni region of Bolivia, an area of Andean foothills at the Eastern limit of the Amazonian lowlands. The climate is typical wet tropical (15°S latitude). Anthropophilic phlebotomine sandfly species were sampled at 20 sites, all forested. The importance of species from the Psychodopygus group, already suspected as a vector in the transmission of Leishmania from the braziliensis complex, was confirmed by: 1) the aggressiveness and diversity of the species encountered (83% of catches, nine species), 2) the discovery of o new anthropophilic species, P. yucumensis and 3) the isolation of a strain of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis indistinguisha- ble from human strains from the same area, from two species, P. llanosmartinsi and P. yucumensis.
Phlébotomes du Nicaragua. I. Description de la femelle de Lutzomyia zeledoni young et Murillo, 1984 (Diptera, psychodidae), et implication épidémiologique de la présence de Lutzomyia longipalpis sur la façade pacifique
(Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología Médica, 1987) Le Pont, F
Sand flies of Nicaragua. I. Description of the Lutzomyia zeledoni Young and Murillo, 1984 (Diptera, Psychodidae) female, and the epidemiologic implication of Lutzomyia longipalpis presence at the Pacific coast - The authors describe the female of Lutzomyia zeledoni Young &Murillo, 1984 from the group Vespertilionis Theodor, 1965. This species was captured in the peridomestic environment together with Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz &Neiva, 1912 here reported for the first time in Nicaragua. Emphasis is placed on the epidemiological importance of this latter species collected in abundance at several sites along the Pacific coast.
Zymodemes of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from wild mammals in Bolivia.
(1988) Valette, E; Breniere, S F; Le Pont, F; Desjeux, P