Browsing by Autor "Leonardo Rivero"

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Effect of heat treatment at high temperature on in vitro seeds germination of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. ‘ICA Pijao’
(2019) Dámaris Torres; Lourdes R. García; Novisel Veitía; Amanda Martirena Ramírez; Raúl Collado; Leonardo Rivero; Sinesio Torres; Mayra Acosta-Suárez
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is limited by biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, water stress, saline or high temperatures. To solve this problem, genetic improvement programs are aimed at the search for tolerant cultivars. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of heat treatment at high temperatures on the in vitro germination of P. vulgaris cv. ‘ICA Pijao’. For this, seeds of 1-4 months of harvest were used. It were treated at 35 ± 2 °C in an incubator or immersed in water in a thermal bath. As a control, seeds at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C) were used. The results showed that in vitro germination was not less than 90%, however the two heat treatment conditions affected the length and thickness of the radicle and the length of the plumule. Considering the results, the ease of application and the non-affectation of germination, it is recommended to use the heat treatment at 35 ± 2 °C in an incubator. This could be used to induce high temperature stress in the common beans cv. ‘ICA Pijao’ in an in vitro selection protocol.
Histological characterization of the sugarcane response to Puccinia kuehnii infection
(2019) María Ileana Oloriz Ortega; Borys Luis Valdés; Osmany Aday; Bárbara Ocaña; Marilin Hernández; Víctor Gil; Annia González; Leonardo Rivero
Sugarcane orange rust, caused by Puccinia kuehnii (W. Krüger) EJ Butler, is one of the major diseases impacting sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production worldwide. The objective of this work was to characterize by histology the development of P. kuehnii in leaves and the response of the cultivars to the disease. Four cultures with different degrees of infection response were inoculated in greenhouse. Microscopy studies were performed in leaf fragments of plants at 5 and 15 days after inoculation. It was shown that the development of fungus structures, prior to foliar tissue penetration, are similar in all cultivars regardless of the type of plant response. It was found that cultivar with grade 1 developed response similar to the hypersensitive response, while grade 2 suggests resistance based on the quantitative contribution of several genes. The results are a contribution towards understanding the genetic basis of orange rust resistance in sugarcane.
In vitro response differentiation of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. ‘ICA Pijao’ and cv. ‘Tío Canela- 75’ to high temperatures
(2021) Dámaris Torres; Lourdes R. García; Sinesio Torres; Novisel Veitía; Amanda Martirena-Ramírez; Raúl Collado; Leonardo Rivero
To develop an in vitro selection protocol, it is necessary to differentiate between tolerant and susceptible cultivars to the studied factor. The present work was carried out with the objective of selecting the temperature that allows to in vitro differentiating the response of the Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars 'ICA Pijao' (susceptible) and 'Tío Canela-75' (tolerant) to high temperatures. Different temperatures (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 °C) were applied to seeds of the two cultivars. In vitro seed germination percentage, radicle and plumule length, number of explants that formed callus and number of shoots per callus were evaluated. It was possible to differentiate between cv. ‘ICA Pijao’ (susceptible) and ‘Tío Canela- 75’ (tolerant) with the variables radicle length, plumule length, percentage of calli formed and number of regenerated shoots. It was selected 35 °C as the selective agent.
Líneas de grano negro de Phaseolus vulgaris L. promisorias por respuesta a condiciones de estrés hídrico
(University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas, 2020) Novisel Veitía; Amanda Martirena-Ramírez; Lourdes R. García; Raúl Collado; Dámaris Torres; Leonardo Rivero; Miriam Ramírez López
Stress caused by drought affects food crops, such as common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The objective of this work was to determine the response in the greenhouse of black grain common beans lines in stress conditions for irrigation to pre-flowering. Four possible black grain mutant lines were evaluated supporting two treatments: application of irrigation considering the water requirements of the crop and the second, application of irrigation to pre-flowering. The sowing and the attention to the crop were carried out, with the indications established in the technical instructions. Ten plants were randomly selected in each treatment and evaluated: length of the roots/plants (cm), number of legumes/plant, number of grains/legumes and weight of 100 seeds (g). As a result, the lines showed the highest values of root length in the conditions of irrigation application to pre-flowering. In the rest of the variables evaluated, the lines showed a similar response in two treatments. This response indicated they have a certain tolerance to stress conditions.
Micropropagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plants from ex vitro explan
(2019) Dionys González-Hernández González-Hernández; Elizabeth Kairúz Hernández-Díaz; Alina Capote; Anabel Pérez; Leonardo Rivero; Borys Chong‐Pérez; Naivy Pérez-Alonso
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a species recognized worldwide for its medicinal properties. The objective of this work was to micropropagate Stevia plants from ex vitro explants. Shoots of plants of this specie growing at greenhouse were selected. In the in vitro establishment, the effect of disinfection time and the concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the survival of the explant were evaluated. The established explants were transferred to the multiplication culture medium, where the effect of the growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine and indoleacetic acid) and the number of subcultures on the multiplication coefficient were determined. Then, the response of the plants in the acclimatization phase was evaluated, in comparison with plants propagated by cutting. Sodium hypochlorite at 1% allowed the disinfection of the explants with a survival of 94.5%, regardless of the time. The growth regulators did not modify the multiplication coefficient with subcultures every 15 days. It is possible to use different combinations of substrate based on zeolite and compost during the acclimatization of micropropagated plants. These developed a greater number of leaves and height than those propagated by cutting.
Protocol for the Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. macropropagation
(2020) Lourdes R. García; Melisa María Hernández Pérez; Leonardo Rivero; Mayelín Rodríguez; Mariana La O; Yenny Padrón; Deivis Mirabal; Leonardo J Moreno-Bermúdez
Within the genus Kalanchoe Adans, the K. blossfeldiana Poelln species is the most popular for the beauty of its flowering. This constitutes one of the best known ornamental pot plants in the world, occupying one of the highest sales rates in Dutch auctions. Propagation in this species is carried out through traditional routes (seeds and cuttings) and tissue culture. In cut macropropagation it is recommended to use apical cuttings. However, to satisfy the high demand for this plant on the market, a macropropagation system is necessary that allows the use of various types of cuttings in unison in order to increase the number of explants to be used in each propagation cycle. In the present work, a protocol for the macropropagation of this species was developed from cuttings.
Protocolo para la macropropagación de Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln
(University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas, 2020) Lourdes R. García; Melisa María Hernández Pérez; Leonardo Rivero; Mayelín Rodríguez; Mariana La O; Yenny Padrón; Deivis Mirabal; Leonardo J Moreno-Bermúdez
Within the genus Kalanchoe Adans, the K. blossfeldiana Poelln species is the most popular for the beauty of its flowering. This constitutes one of the best known ornamental pot plants in the world, occupying one of the highest sales rates in Dutch auctions. Propagation in this species is carried out through traditional routes (seeds and cuttings) and tissue culture. In cut macropropagation it is recommended to use apical cuttings. However, to satisfy the high demand for this plant on the market, a macropropagation system is necessary that allows the use of various types of cuttings in unison in order to increase the number of explants to be used in each propagation cycle. In the present work, a protocol for the macropropagation of this species was developed from cuttings.
Respuesta diferencial de tres cultivares de Phaseolus vulgaris L. al estrés hídrico in vitro inducido por PEG-6000
(University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas, 2020) Milady Mendoza-Rodríguez; Amanda Martirena-Ramírez; Luís Rojas; Dámaris Torres; S. Luis Hernández; Leonardo Rivero
The growth and agricultural yield of common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is affected, among other factors, by limitations in the availability of water. For this reason, there are working on the search for cultivars tolerant to that abiotic stress. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of different concentrations of PEG-6000 on the in vitro seeds germination of three cultivars of common bean (ʹIca Pijaoʹ, ʹBAT-93ʹ and ʹTio Canela-75ʹ) with different responses to water stress. PEG-6000 was used as an in vitro stress-inducing agent at 10, 12 and 14% (m / v) in the liquid culture medium. Deionized water was used as a control. Seeds of each cultivar were placed on a filter paper located in the shape of an M inside the test tube containing the corresponding solution. After three days of culture, the number of germinated seeds was quantified and the percentage of germination was calculated. Subsequently, at seven days the length of the root, hypocotyl and epicotyl, respectively, was measured. In the three cultivars, water stress affected the in vitro germination of the seeds in each of the treatments. There was a significant decrease in the values of the variables evaluated with respect to the control. Specifically, the growth of epicotyl was inhibited. The response to water stress in vitro induced with PEG 600 in each cultivar was specific and differential. The results contribute to the development of early selection strategies in the genetic improvement program of this crop
Root length: morphological indicator of Phaseolus vulgaris L. response to hydric stress in greenhouse
(2019) Amanda Martirena-Ramírez; Novisel Veitía; Dámaris Torres; Leonardo Rivero; Lourdes R. García; Raúl Collado; Miriam Ramírez López
Drought during the terminal phase of the crop is a global limitation for the production of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and it is a problem that will be aggravated by the effects of climate change. The objective of this work was to select morphological indicators for hydric stress response in P. vulgaris in greenhouse. Four lines of brown grain and the commercial cultivar ‘BAT-93’ were evaluated. A water stress treatment was established where the irrigation was suspended in the pre-flowering stage until the harvest and a control with irrigation throughout the all crop cycle. Ten plants were random selected at each treatment and the angle of the basal roots, main root length (cm), the number of legumes/plant, the number of grains/legumes and the weight of 100 grains (g) were evaluated. Root length was a morphological indicator of the plants response to water stress under these conditions. It allowed to differentiate the response of the lines and cultivar ‘BAT-93’. The rest of the variables evaluated did not show significant differences between treatments. Root length is proposed as a morphological indicator of the response to water stress in the greenhouse that can be used in genetic improvement programs in P. vulgaris.