Browsing by Autor "Leslie Cayola"

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Author Correction: Mature Andean forests as globally important carbon sinks and future carbon refuges
(Nature Portfolio, 2021) Álvaro Duque; Miguel A. Peña; Francisco Cuesta; Sebastian González‐Caro; Peter G. Kennedy; Oliver L. Phillips; Marco Calderón-Loor; Cecilia Blundo; Julieta Carilla; Leslie Cayola
Chemical properties of foliar metabolomes represent a key axis of functional trait variation in forests of the tropical Andes
(Royal Society, 2026) Sierra Chadwick; David Henderson; Arden Perkins; Leslie Cayola; Alfredo Fuentes; Belen Alvestegui; Nathan Muchhala; J. Sebastián Tello; Martin Volf; J. Wilson Myers
Plants interact with their environment through diverse specialized metabolites that protect them from abiotic stressors, like drought or radiation, and biotic stressors, like herbivores or pathogens. However, few studies have considered the chemical properties of metabolites as a potential axis of functional trait variation along environmental gradients. Here, we examined how the chemical properties of foliar metabolomes, such as mean aromaticity, hydrophobicity and polarity, as well as commonly used morphological traits, vary with climate and elevation among 16 forest plots in the tropical Andes of Bolivia. We found that chemical properties were weakly related to morphological traits among tree species, yet both varied significantly with climate and elevation. In particular, abundance-weighted mean hydrophobicity decreased, and polar surface area increased with elevation and in colder and drier climates. Additionally, co-occurring species showed increasing chemical similarity with elevation for the most-aromatic and most-polar metabolites. These results suggest that abiotic stress associated with colder, drier climates and solar radiation acts as a filter for metabolome chemical properties. This contrasts with chemical dissimilarity observed at lower elevations, which is likely driven by pressure from host-specialized enemies in warmer, wetter climates. Our results introduce the possibility that chemical defences may be constrained by abiotic stressors.
Ecological metabolomics of tropical tree communities across an elevational gradient: Implications for chemically-mediated biotic interactions and species diversity
(2023) D. Henderson; Brian E. Sedio; J. Sebastián Tello; Leslie Cayola; A C.; Belen Alvestegui; Nathan Muchhala; Jonathan A. Myers
Abstract Seminal hypotheses in ecology and evolution postulate that stronger and more specialized biotic interactions contribute to higher species diversity at lower elevations and latitudes. Plant-chemical defenses mediate biotic interactions between plants and their natural enemies and provide a highly dimensional trait space in which chemically mediated niches may facilitate plant species coexistence. However, the role of chemically mediated biotic interactions in shaping plant communities remains largely untested across large-scale ecological gradients. To test this hypothesis, we used ecological metabolomics to quantify the chemical dissimilarity of foliar metabolomes among 473 tree species (906 unique species-plot combinations) in 16 tropical tree communities along an elevational gradient in Madidi National Park, Bolivia. We predicted that chemical dissimilarity among co-occurring tree species would be greater, and chemical phylogenetic signal lower, in communities with greater tree species richness and warmer, wetter, and less-seasonal climates, as pressure from natural enemies is likely to be greater in these locales. Further, we predicted that these relationships should be especially pronounced for secondary metabolites derived from biosynthetic pathways known to include anti-herbivore and antimicrobial defenses than for primary metabolites. We found that median chemical dissimilarity among tree species with respect to all metabolites and secondary metabolites increased with tree species richness, decreased with elevation, and increased along a principal component of climatic variation that reflected increasing temperature and precipitation and decreasing seasonality. In contrast, median chemical dissimilarity among tree species with respect to primary metabolites was unrelated to tree species richness, elevation, or the principal component of climatic variation. Furthermore, phylogenetic signal of secondary and primary metabolites decreased with tree species richness. Among tree communities in moist forests, phylogenetic signal of secondary metabolites also increased with elevation and decreased with the temperature and precipitation. Our results support the hypothesis that chemically mediated biotic interactions shape elevational diversity gradients by imposing stronger selection for interspecific divergence in plant chemical defenses in warmer, wetter, and more stable climates. Our study also illustrates the promise of ecological metabolomics in the study of biogeography, community ecology, and complex species interactions in high-diversity ecosystems.
Elevational Gradients in β-Diversity Reflect Variation in the Strength of Local Community Assembly Mechanisms across Spatial Scales
(Public Library of Science, 2015) J. Sebastián Tello; Jonathan A. Myers; Manuel J. Macía; A C.; Leslie Cayola; Gabriel Arellano; M. Isabel Loza; Vania Torrez; Maritza Cornejo; Tatiana B. Miranda
Despite long-standing interest in elevational-diversity gradients, little is known about the processes that cause changes in the compositional variation of communities (β-diversity) across elevations. Recent studies have suggested that β-diversity gradients are driven by variation in species pools, rather than by variation in the strength of local community assembly mechanisms such as dispersal limitation, environmental filtering, or local biotic interactions. However, tests of this hypothesis have been limited to very small spatial scales that limit inferences about how the relative importance of assembly mechanisms may change across spatial scales. Here, we test the hypothesis that scale-dependent community assembly mechanisms shape biogeographic β-diversity gradients using one of the most well-characterized elevational gradients of tropical plant diversity. Using an extensive dataset on woody plant distributions along a 4,000-m elevational gradient in the Bolivian Andes, we compared observed patterns of β-diversity to null-model expectations. β-deviations (standardized differences from null values) were used to measure the relative effects of local community assembly mechanisms after removing sampling effects caused by variation in species pools. To test for scale-dependency, we compared elevational gradients at two contrasting spatial scales that differed in the size of local assemblages and regions by at least an order of magnitude. Elevational gradients in β-diversity persisted after accounting for regional variation in species pools. Moreover, the elevational gradient in β-deviations changed with spatial scale. At small scales, local assembly mechanisms were detectable, but variation in species pools accounted for most of the elevational gradient in β-diversity. At large spatial scales, in contrast, local assembly mechanisms were a dominant force driving changes in β-diversity. In contrast to the hypothesis that variation in species pools alone drives β-diversity gradients, we show that local community assembly mechanisms contribute strongly to systematic changes in β-diversity across elevations. We conclude that scale-dependent variation in community assembly mechanisms underlies these iconic gradients in global biodiversity.
Elevational range sizes of woody plants increase with climate variability in the Tropical Andes
(Wiley, 2023) Flavia Montaño‐Centellas; A C.; Leslie Cayola; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; M. Isabel Loza; Beatriz Nieto‐Ariza; J. Sebastián Tello
Abstract Aim The climate variability hypothesis proposes that species subjected to wide variation in climatic conditions will evolve wider niches, resulting in larger distributions. We test this hypothesis in tropical plants across a broad elevational gradient; specifically, we use a species‐level approach to evaluate whether elevational range sizes are explained by the levels of thermal variability experienced by species. Location Central Andes. Time Period Present day. Taxon Woody plants. Methods Combining data from 479 forest plots, we determined the elevational distributions of nearly 2300 species along an elevational gradient (~209–3800 m). For each species, we calculated the maximum annual variation in temperature experienced across its elevational distribution. We used phylogenetic generalized least square models to evaluate the effect of thermal variability on range size. Our models included additional covariates that might affect range size: body size, local abundance, mean temperature and total precipitation. We also considered interactions between thermal variability and mean temperature or precipitation. To account for geometric constraints, we repeated our analyses with a standardized measure of range size, calculated by comparing observed range sizes with values obtained from a null model. Results Our results supported the main prediction of the climate variability hypothesis. Thermal variability had a strong positive effect on the range size, with species exposed to higher thermal variability having broader elevational distributions. Body size and local abundance also had positive, yet weak effects, on elevational range size. Furthermore, there was a strong positive interaction between thermal variability and mean annual temperature. Main Conclusions Thermal variability had an overriding importance in driving elevational range sizes of woody plants in the Central Andes. Moreover, the relationship between thermal variability and range size might be even stronger in warmer regions, underlining the potential vulnerability of tropical montane floras to the effects of global warming.
Elevational Range Sizes of Woody plants Increase with Climate Variability in the Tropical Andes
(2023) Flavia Montaño‐Centellas; Alfredo F. Fuentes; Leslie Cayola; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; M. Isabel Loza; Beatriz Nieto‐Ariza; J. Sebastián Tello
Abstract Aim The climate variability hypothesis proposes that species subjected to wide variation in climatic conditions will evolve wider niches, resulting in larger distributions. We test this hypothesis in tropical plants across a broad elevational gradient; specifically, we use a species-level approach to evaluate whether elevational range sizes are explained by the levels of thermal variability experienced by species. Location Central Andes Time period Present day Major taxa studied Woody plants Methods Combining data from 479 forest plots, we determined the elevational distributions of nearly 2300 species along an elevational gradient (∼209 – 3800 m). For each species, we calculated the maximum annual variation in temperature experienced across its elevational distribution. We used phylogenetic generalized least square models to evaluate the effect of thermal variability on range size. Our models included additional covariates that might affect range size: body size, local abundance, mean temperature and total precipitation. We also considered interactions between thermal variability and mean temperature or precipitation. To account for geometric constraints, we repeated our analyses with a standardized measure of range size, calculated by comparing observed range sizes with values obtained from a null model. Results Our results supported the main prediction of the climate variability hypothesis. Thermal variability had a strong positive effect on the range size, with species exposed to higher thermal variability having broader elevational distributions. Body size and local abundance also had positive, yet weak effects, on elevational range size. Furthermore, there was a strong positive interaction between thermal variability and mean annual temperature. Main conclusions Thermal variability had an overriding importance in driving elevational range sizes of woody plants in the Central Andes. Moreover, the relationship between thermal variability and range size might be even stronger in warmer regions, underlining the potential vulnerability of tropical montane floras to the effects of global warming.
Estructura y composición florística de un bosque amazónico de pie de monte, Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Madidi, La Paz - Bolivia
(2006) Miki Hernan Calzadilla-Tomianovich; Leslie Cayola
Estructura, composición y variabilidad del bosque subandino xérico en un sector del Valle del río Tuichi, Anmi Madidi, La Paz (Bolivia)
(2004) Alfredo Fuentes Claros; Alejandro Araujo Murakami; Héctor Cabrera Condarco; Freddy Canqui; Leslie Cayola; Carla Maldonado; Narel Paniagua
Se evaluaron 1.3 has. de bosque subandino xerico en el valle del Tuichi donde se midieron todas las lenosas con DAP > 2.5 cm en parcelas de 0.1 has. Se registraron 4709 tallos en total, con un promedio de 362.2± 132.3/0.1 ha. El promedio del area basal fue de 2.9± 1.1 m2/0.1 ha. Se encontraron 171 especies y 50 familias, con promedios de 48±7.5 especies y 24.8±3.8 familias por parcela. Las especies de mayor importancia ecologica (IVI) fueron Phyllostylon rhamnoides, Anadenanthera colubrina y Trichilia catigua; las familias con mayor IVIF fueron Fabaceae, Meliaceae y Ulmaceae. El Analisis de Componentes Principales diferencio dos grupos de parcelas o comunidades: una comunidad de cimas y laderas caracterizada por Zanthoxylum fagara, Astronium urundeuva y Erythrina amazonica; y otra comunidad de fondos de valle y terrazas caracterizada por Chrysophyllum gonocarpum, Randia armata y Gallesia integrifolia. Biogeograficamente predominan especies de bosques estacionalmente secos del arco pleistocenico, reforzando la teoria de la existencia durante el Pleistoceno de una formacion de bosques secos mucho mas extensa que la actual; le siguen en orden de importancia elementos de bosques humedos de tierras bajas y por ultimo elementos andinos que concentran los endemismos y caracterizan a esta formacion. Palabras claves: Bosque seco subandino Madidi, estructura, composicion, variabilidad, biogeografia. ABSTRACT We present detailed information on structure and floristic composition of the xeric subandean forest in a sector of the Tuichi valley, in the Madidi Natural Area of Integrated Management, La Paz-Bolivia. We evaluated 1.3 has. of forest where we measured all the woody plants with DBH > 2.5 cm, in plots of 0.1 ha. A total of 4709 stems with means of 362.2± 132.3/0.1 ha were recorded. The total basal area was of 37.7 m2 with means of 2.9±1.1 m2/0.1 ha (S.D.). We recorded 171 species in 50 families, with means of 48±7.5 species and 24.8±3.8 families per plot. The species of greatest ecological importance (IVI) were Phyllostylon rhamnoides, Anadenanthera colubrina and Trichilia catigua; the families with greatest IVIF were Fabaceae, Meliaceae and Ulmaceae. A Principal Component Analysis distinguished two groups of plots or plant communities: a community found on top and slopes of ridges characterized by Zanthoxylum fagara, Astronium urundeuva and Erythrina amazonica; and the other a community found in the valley bottoms and terraces was characterized by Chrysophyllum gonocarpum, Randia armata and Gallesia integrifolia. Biogeographycally predominates species of seasonally dry forests of the pleistocenic arc, reinforcing the theory of the existence during the Pleistocene of one formacion of dry forests much more extensive that in the present; they follow in importance order elements of humid lowland forests and finally Andean elements that concentrate the endemism and characterize this formation. Key words: Madidi subandean dry forest, structure, composition, variability, biogeography.
Functional traits mediate the effect of environmental conditions on tree growth of common Andean trees
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Eduardo Aguirre-Mazzi; Carla Maldonado; Leslie Cayola; Alfredo F. Fuentes; M. Isabel Loza; Christine E. Edwards; J. Sebastián Tello
Understanding how plant functional strategies interact with environmental variation is essential to predict the impacts of global change on forest communities. Here we investigated how resource-acquisition strategies, captured by branch and leaf traits, interact with environmental gradients, including climate, soil fertility, and solar radiation exposure, to influence relative growth rates (RGR) in 224 tree species from tropical montane forests in the Madidi region of the Bolivian Andes. Using data from 33 permanent forest plots and Bayesian hierarchical models, we found that the effects of environmental conditions on tree growth were modulated by species’ resource-acquisition strategies. Our findings reveal that acquisitive species, with higher specific leaf area (SLA), larger leaf size, and lower tissue density, performed better in cooler, drier, thermally variable, nutrient-rich sites with low solar radiation. In contrast, conservative species, characterized by stress-tolerant traits (higher tissue density and smaller leaves), grew better in nutrient-poor, high-radiation environments and tended to be less responsive to climatic gradients. Our analysis relied on two major PCA axes of functional trait covariation that captured distinct mechanistic pathways but aligned with survival-growth trade-off. Our results suggest that whole-plant allocation strategies, reflected by a leaf-area vs wood density trade-off may be more important than leaf-level traits (e.g., SLA) under closed canopies, highlighting the multidimensionality of trait-growth relationships. Our results underscore the role of trait–environment matching in shaping species performance and community assembly, and highlight the importance of trait-based approaches for forecasting forest responses to climate and land-use change. • Plant traits and environmental gradients interact to drive tree growth in the Andes. • Acquisitive species are more sensitive to climatic gradients than conservative ones. • Soil fertility favors acquisitive species whereas conservatives tolerate poor soils. • High solar exposure favors conservative species growth, limits acquisitive species. • Leaf area and wood density better predict growth compared to SLA in adult trees.
Historical Assembly of Andean Tree Communities
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2023) Sebastian González‐Caro; J. Sebastián Tello; Jonathan A. Myers; Kenneth J. Feeley; Cecilia Blundo; Marco Calderón-Loor; Julieta Carilla; Leslie Cayola; Francisco Cuesta; William Farfán-Ríos
Patterns of species diversity have been associated with changes in climate across latitude and elevation. However, the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these relationships are still actively debated. Here, we present a complementary view of the well-known tropical niche conservatism (TNC) hypothesis, termed the multiple zones of origin (MZO) hypothesis, to explore mechanisms underlying latitudinal and elevational gradients of phylogenetic diversity in tree communities. The TNC hypothesis posits that most lineages originate in warmer, wetter, and less seasonal environments in the tropics and rarely colonize colder, drier, and more seasonal environments outside of the tropical lowlands, leading to higher phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. In contrast, the MZO hypothesis posits that lineages also originate in temperate environments and readily colonize similar environments in the tropical highlands, leading to lower phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. We tested these phylogenetic predictions using a combination of computer simulations and empirical analyses of tree communities in 245 forest plots located in six countries across the tropical and subtropical Andes. We estimated the phylogenetic diversity for each plot and regressed it against elevation and latitude. Our simulated and empirical results provide strong support for the MZO hypothesis. Phylogenetic diversity among co-occurring tree species increased with both latitude and elevation, suggesting an important influence on the historical dispersal of lineages with temperate origins into the tropical highlands. The mixing of different floras was likely favored by the formation of climatically suitable corridors for plant migration due to the Andean uplift. Accounting for the evolutionary history of plant communities helps to advance our knowledge of the drivers of tree community assembly along complex climatic gradients, and thus their likely responses to modern anthropogenic climate change.
Insights on biodiversity drivers to predict species richness in tropical forests at the local scale
(Elsevier BV, 2022) Rubén G. Mateo; Gabriel Arellano; Virgilio Gómez‐Rubio; J. Sebastián Tello; Alfredo F. Fuentes; Leslie Cayola; M. Isabel Loza; Victoria Cala Rivero; Manuel J. Macía
Disentangling the relative importance of different biodiversity drivers (i.e., climate, edaphic, historical factors, or human impact) to predict plant species richness at the local scale is one of the most important challenges in ecology. Biodiversity modelling is a key tool for the integration of these drivers and the predictions generated are essential, for example, for climate change forecast and conservation planning. However, the reliability of biodiversity models at the local scale remains poorly understood, especially in tropical species-rich areas, where they are required. We inventoried all woody plants with stems ≥ 2.5 cm in 397 plots across the Andes-Amazon gradient. We generated and mapped 19 uncorrelated biodiversity drivers at 90 m resolution, grouped into four categories: microclimatic, microtopographic, anthropic, and edaphic. In order to evaluate the importance of the different categories, we grouped biodiversity drivers into four different clusters by categories. For each of the four clusters of biodiversity drivers, we modelled the observed species richness using two statistical techniques (random forest and Bayesian inference) and two modelling procedures (including or excluding a spatial component). All the biodiversity models produced were evaluated by cross-validation. Species richness was accurately predicted by random forest (Spearman correlation up to 0.85 and explained variance up to 67%). The results suggest that precipitation and temperature are important driving forces of species richness in the region. Nonetheless, a spatial component should be considered to properly predict biodiversity. This could reflect macroevolutionary underlying forces not considered here, such as colonization time, dispersal capacities, or speciation rates. However, the proposed biodiversity modelling approach can predict accurately species richness at the local scale and detailed resolution (90 m) in tropical areas, something that previous works had found extremely challenging. The innovative methodology presented here could be employed in other areas with conservation needs.
Madidi Project Full Dataset
(European Organization for Nuclear Research, 2020) J. Sebastián Tello; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; Leslie Cayola; Alfredo F. Fuentes
This item contains version 3.0 of the Madidi Project's full dataset. The zip file contains (1) raw data, which was downloaded from Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) on February 3, 2020; (2) R scripts used to modify, correct, and clean the raw data; (3) clean data that are the output of the R scripts, and which are the point of departure for most uses of the Madidi Dataset; (4) additional post-cleaning scripts that obtain some additional but non-essential information from the clean data; and (5) a miscellaneous collection of additional non-essential information and figures. This item also includes the Data Use Policy for this dataset. The core dataset of the Madidi Project consists of a network of ~500 forest plots distributed in and around the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. This network contains 50 permanently marked large plots (1-ha), as well as ~450 temporary small plots (0.1-ha). Within the large plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥10 cm have been mapped, tagged, measured, and identified. Some of these plots have also been re-visited and information on mortality, recruitment, and growth exists. Within the small plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥2.5 cm have been measured and identified. Each plot has some edaphic and topographic information, and some large plots have information on various plant functional traits. The Madidi Project is a collaborative research effort to document and study plant biodiversity in the Amazonia and Tropical Andes of northwestern Bolivia. The project is currently lead by the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), in collaboration with the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. The management of the project is at MBG, where J. Sebastian Tello (sebastian.tello@mobot.org) is the scientific director and Olga Martha Montiel (olgamartha.montiel@mobot.org) is the administrative director. The directors oversee the activities of a research team based in Bolivia. MBG works in collaboration with other data contributors (currently: Manuel J. Macía [manuel.macia@uam.es], and Gabriel Arellano [gabriel.arellano.torres@gmail.com]), with a representative from the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB; Carla Maldonado [carla.maldonado1@gmail.com]), as well as with other close associated researchers from various institutions. For more information regarding the organization and objectives of the Madidi Project, you can visit the project’s website (www.madidiproject.weebly.com).
Madidi Project Full Dataset
(European Organization for Nuclear Research, 2018) J. Sebastián Tello; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; Leslie Cayola; Alfredo F. Fuentes
This item contains version 2.1 of the Madidi Project's full dataset. The zip file contains (1) raw data, which was downloaded from Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) on December 6, 2018; (2) R scripts used to modify, correct, and clean the raw data; (3) clean data that are the output of the R scripts, and which are the point of departure for most uses of the Madidi Dataset; (4) additional post-cleaning scripts that obtain some additional but non-essential information from the clean data. This item also includes the Data Use Policy for this dataset. The core dataset of the Madidi Project consists of a network of ~500 forest plots distributed in and around the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. This network contains 50 permanently marked large plots (1-ha), as well as ~450 temporary small plots (0.1-ha). Within the large plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥10 cm have been mapped, tagged, measured, and identified. Some of these plots have also been re-visited and information on mortality, recruitment, and growth exists. Within the small plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥2.5 cm have been measured and identified. Each plot has some edaphic and topographic information, and some large plots have information on various plant functional traits. The Madidi Project is a collaborative research effort to document and study plant biodiversity in the Amazonia and Tropical Andes of northwestern Bolivia. The project is currently lead by the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), in collaboration with the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. The management of the project is at MBG, where J. Sebastian Tello (sebastian.tello@mobot.org) is the scientific director and Olga Martha Montiel (olgamartha.montiel@mobot.org) is the administrative director. The directors oversee the activities of a research team based in Bolivia. MBG works in collaboration with other data contributors (currently: Manuel J. Macía [manuel.macia@uam.es], and Gabriel Arellano [gabriel.arellano.torres@gmail.com]), with a representative from the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB; Carla Maldonado [carla.maldonado1@gmail.com]), as well as with other close associated researchers from various institutions. For more information regarding the organization and objectives of the Madidi Project, you can visit the project’s website (www.madidiproject.weebly.com).
Madidi Project Full Dataset
(European Organization for Nuclear Research, 2020) J. Sebastián Tello; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; Beatriz Nieto‐Ariza; Leslie Cayola; Alfredo F. Fuentes
This item contains version 4.0 of the Madidi Project's full dataset. The zip file contains (1) raw data, which was downloaded from Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) on August 18, 2020; (2) R scripts used to modify, correct, and clean the raw data; (3) clean data that are the output of the R scripts, and which are the point of departure for most uses of the Madidi Dataset; (4) additional post-cleaning scripts that obtain some additional but non-essential information from the clean data (e.g. by extracting environmental data from rasters); and (5) a miscellaneous collection of additional non-essential information and figures. This item also includes the Data Use Policy for this dataset. The core dataset of the Madidi Project consists of a network of ~500 forest plots distributed in and around the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. This network contains 50 permanently marked large plots (1-ha), as well as >450 temporary small plots (0.1-ha). Within the large plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥10 cm have been mapped, tagged, measured, and identified. Some of these plots have also been re-visited and information on mortality, recruitment, and growth exists. Within the small plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥2.5 cm have been measured and identified. Each plot has some edaphic and topographic information, and some large plots have information on various plant functional traits. The Madidi Project is a collaborative research effort to document and study plant biodiversity in the Amazonia and Tropical Andes of northwestern Bolivia. The project is currently lead by the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), in collaboration with the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. The management of the project is at MBG, where J. Sebastian Tello (sebastian.tello@mobot.org) is the scientific director and Olga Martha Montiel (olgamartha.montiel@mobot.org) is the administrative director. The directors oversee the activities of a research team based in Bolivia. MBG works in collaboration with other data contributors (currently: Manuel J. Macía [manuel.macia@uam.es], Gabriel Arellano [gabriel.arellano.torres@gmail.com] and Beatriz Nieto [sonneratia@gmail.com]), with a representative from the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB; Carla Maldonado [carla.maldonado1@gmail.com]), as well as with other close associated researchers from various institutions. For more information regarding the organization and objectives of the Madidi Project, you can visit the project’s website (www.madidiproject.weebly.com).
Madidi Project Full Dataset
(European Organization for Nuclear Research, 2019) J. Sebastián Tello; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; Leslie Cayola; Alfredo F. Fuentes
This item contains version 2.2 of the Madidi Project's full dataset. The zip file contains (1) raw data, which was downloaded from Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) on October 19, 2019; (2) R scripts used to modify, correct, and clean the raw data; (3) clean data that are the output of the R scripts, and which are the point of departure for most uses of the Madidi Dataset; (4) additional post-cleaning scripts that obtain some additional but non-essential information from the clean data; and (5) a miscellaneous collection of additional non-essential information and figures. This item also includes the Data Use Policy for this dataset. The core dataset of the Madidi Project consists of a network of ~500 forest plots distributed in and around the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. This network contains 50 permanently marked large plots (1-ha), as well as ~450 temporary small plots (0.1-ha). Within the large plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥10 cm have been mapped, tagged, measured, and identified. Some of these plots have also been re-visited and information on mortality, recruitment, and growth exists. Within the small plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥2.5 cm have been measured and identified. Each plot has some edaphic and topographic information, and some large plots have information on various plant functional traits. The Madidi Project is a collaborative research effort to document and study plant biodiversity in the Amazonia and Tropical Andes of northwestern Bolivia. The project is currently lead by the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), in collaboration with the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. The management of the project is at MBG, where J. Sebastian Tello (sebastian.tello@mobot.org) is the scientific director and Olga Martha Montiel (olgamartha.montiel@mobot.org) is the administrative director. The directors oversee the activities of a research team based in Bolivia. MBG works in collaboration with other data contributors (currently: Manuel J. Macía [manuel.macia@uam.es], and Gabriel Arellano [gabriel.arellano.torres@gmail.com]), with a representative from the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB; Carla Maldonado [carla.maldonado1@gmail.com]), as well as with other close associated researchers from various institutions. For more information regarding the organization and objectives of the Madidi Project, you can visit the project’s website (www.madidiproject.weebly.com).
Madidi Project Full Dataset
(2020) J. Sebastián Tello; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; Leslie Cayola; Beatriz Nieto‐Ariza; Alfredo F. Fuentes
This item contains version 4.1 of the Madidi Project's full dataset. The zip file contains (1) raw data, which was downloaded from Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) on September 7, 2020; (2) R scripts used to modify, correct, and clean the raw data; (3) clean data that are the output of the R scripts, and which are the point of departure for most uses of the Madidi Dataset; (4) additional post-cleaning scripts that obtain some additional but non-essential information from the clean data (e.g. by extracting environmental data from rasters); and (5) a miscellaneous collection of additional non-essential information and figures. This item also includes the Data Use Policy for this dataset. The core dataset of the Madidi Project consists of a network of ~500 forest plots distributed in and around the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. This network contains 50 permanently marked large plots (1-ha), as well as >450 temporary small plots (0.1-ha). Within the large plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥10 cm have been mapped, tagged, measured, and identified. Some of these plots have also been re-visited and information on mortality, recruitment, and growth exists. Within the small plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥2.5 cm have been measured and identified. Each plot has some edaphic and topographic information, and some large plots have information on various plant functional traits. The Madidi Project is a collaborative research effort to document and study plant biodiversity in the Amazonia and Tropical Andes of northwestern Bolivia. The project is currently lead by the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), in collaboration with the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. The management of the project is at MBG, where J. Sebastian Tello (sebastian.tello@mobot.org) is the scientific director and Olga Martha Montiel (olgamartha.montiel@mobot.org) is the administrative director. The directors oversee the activities of a research team based in Bolivia. MBG works in collaboration with other data contributors (currently: Manuel J. Macía [manuel.macia@uam.es], Gabriel Arellano [gabriel.arellano.torres@gmail.com] and Beatriz Nieto [sonneratia@gmail.com]), with a representative from the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB; Carla Maldonado [carla.maldonado1@gmail.com]), as well as with other close associated researchers from various institutions. For more information regarding the organization and objectives of the Madidi Project, you can visit the project’s website (www.madidiproject.weebly.com).
Madidi Project Full Dataset
(European Organization for Nuclear Research, 2018) J. Sebastián Tello; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; Leslie Cayola; Alfredo F. Fuentes
This item contains version 2.0 of the Madidi Project's full dataset. The zip file contains: (1) raw data, which was downloaded from Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) on June 11, 2018; (2) R scripts used to modify, correct and clean the raw data; (3) clean data that are the output of the R scripts, and which are the point of departure for most uses of the Madidi Dataset; (4) additional post-cleaning scripts that obtain some additional but non-essential information from the clean data. This item also includes the Data Use Policy for this dataset. The core dataset of the Madidi Project consists of a network of ~500 forest plots distributed in and around the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. This network contains 50 permanently marked large plots (1-ha), as well as ~450 temporary small plots (0.1-ha). Within the large plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥10 cm have been mapped, tagged, measured, and identified. Some of these plots have also been re-visited and information on mortality, recruitment and growth exists. Within the small plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥2.5 cm have been measured and identified. Each plot has some edaphic and topographic information, and some large plots have information on various plant functional traits. The Madidi Project is a collaborative research effort to document and study plant biodiversity in the Amazonia and Tropical Andes of northwestern Bolivia. The project is currently lead by the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), in collaboration with the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. The management of the project is at MBG, where J. Sebastian Tello (sebastian.tello@mobot.org) is the scientific director and Olga Martha Montiel (olgamartha.montiel@mobot.org) is the administrative director. The directors oversee the activities of a research team based in Bolivia. MBG works in collaboration with other data contributors (currently: Manuel J. Macía [manuel.macia@uam.es], and Gabriel Arellano [gabriel.arellano.torres@gmail.com]), with a representative from the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB; Carla Maldonado [carla.maldonado1@gmail.com]), as well as with other close associated researchers from various institutions. For more information regarding the organization and objectives of the Madidi Project, you can visit the project’s website (www.madidiproject.weebly.com).
Madidi Project Full Dataset
(European Organization for Nuclear Research, 2021) J. Sebastián Tello; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; Beatriz Nieto‐Ariza; Leslie Cayola; Alfredo F. Fuentes
This item contains version 5.0 of the Madidi Project's full dataset. The zip file contains (1) raw data, which was downloaded from Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) on August 18, 2020; (2) R scripts used to modify, correct, and clean the raw data; (3) clean data that are the output of the R scripts, and which are the point of departure for most uses of the Madidi Dataset; (4) post-cleaning scripts that obtain additional but non-essential information from the clean data (e.g. by extracting environmental data from rasters); and (5) a miscellaneous collection of additional non-essential information and figures. This item also includes the Data Use Policy for this dataset. The core dataset of the Madidi Project consists of a network of ~500 forest plots distributed in and around the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. This network contains 50 permanently marked large plots (1-ha), as well as >450 temporary small plots (0.1-ha). Within the large plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥10 cm have been mapped, tagged, measured, and identified. Some of these plots have also been re-visited and information on mortality, recruitment, and growth exists. Within the small plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥2.5 cm have been measured and identified. Each plot has some edaphic and topographic information, and some large plots have information on various plant functional traits. The Madidi Project is a collaborative research effort to document and study plant biodiversity in the Amazonia and Tropical Andes of northwestern Bolivia. The project is currently lead by the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), in collaboration with the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. The management of the project is at MBG, where J. Sebastian Tello (sebastian.tello@mobot.org) is the scientific director. The director oversees the activities of a research team based in Bolivia. MBG works in collaboration with other data contributors (currently: Manuel J. Macía [manuel.macia@uam.es], Gabriel Arellano [gabriel.arellano.torres@gmail.com] and Beatriz Nieto [sonneratia@gmail.com]), with a representative from the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB; Carla Maldonado [carla.maldonado1@gmail.com]), as well as with other close associated researchers from various institutions. For more information regarding the organization and objectives of the Madidi Project, you can visit the project’s website (www.madidiproject.weebly.com).
Madidi Project Full Dataset
(2021) J. Sebastián Tello; Manuel J. Macía; Gabriel Arellano; Beatriz Nieto‐Ariza; Leslie Cayola; Alfredo F. Fuentes
This item contains version 5.0 of the Madidi Project's full dataset. The zip file contains (1) raw data, which was downloaded from Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) on August 18, 2020; (2) R scripts used to modify, correct, and clean the raw data; (3) clean data that are the output of the R scripts, and which are the point of departure for most uses of the Madidi Dataset; (4) post-cleaning scripts that obtain additional but non-essential information from the clean data (e.g. by extracting environmental data from rasters); and (5) a miscellaneous collection of additional non-essential information and figures. This item also includes the Data Use Policy for this dataset. The core dataset of the Madidi Project consists of a network of ~500 forest plots distributed in and around the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. This network contains 50 permanently marked large plots (1-ha), as well as >450 temporary small plots (0.1-ha). Within the large plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥10 cm have been mapped, tagged, measured, and identified. Some of these plots have also been re-visited and information on mortality, recruitment, and growth exists. Within the small plots, all woody individuals with a dbh ≥2.5 cm have been measured and identified. Each plot has some edaphic and topographic information, and some large plots have information on various plant functional traits. The Madidi Project is a collaborative research effort to document and study plant biodiversity in the Amazonia and Tropical Andes of northwestern Bolivia. The project is currently lead by the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), in collaboration with the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. The management of the project is at MBG, where J. Sebastian Tello (sebastian.tello@mobot.org) is the scientific director. The director oversees the activities of a research team based in Bolivia. MBG works in collaboration with other data contributors (currently: Manuel J. Macía [manuel.macia@uam.es], Gabriel Arellano [gabriel.arellano.torres@gmail.com] and Beatriz Nieto [sonneratia@gmail.com]), with a representative from the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB; Carla Maldonado [carla.maldonado1@gmail.com]), as well as with other close associated researchers from various institutions. For more information regarding the organization and objectives of the Madidi Project, you can visit the project’s website (www.madidiproject.weebly.com).
Mature Andean forests as globally important carbon sinks and future carbon refuges
(Nature Portfolio, 2021) Álvaro Duque; Miguel A. Peña; Francisco Cuesta; Sebastian González‐Caro; Peter G. Kennedy; Oliver L. Phillips; Marco Calderón-Loor; Cecilia Blundo; Julieta Carilla; Leslie Cayola