Browsing by Autor "Lilian Apaza"

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Correlates of delay-discount rates: Evidence from Tsimane' Amerindians of the Bolivian rain forest
(Elsevier BV, 2002) Kris N. Kirby; Ricardo Godoy; Victòria Reyes-García; Elizabeth Byron; Lilian Apaza; William R. Leonard; Eddy Pérez-Then; Vincent Vadez; David Wilkie
Do Markets Worsen Economic Inequalities? Kuznets in the Bush
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2004) Ricardo Godoy; Michael Gurven; Elizabeth Byron; Victòria Reyes-García; James Keough; Vincent Vadez; David Wilkie; William R. Leonard; Lilian Apaza; Tomás Huanca
Income inequality and adult nutritional status: Anthropometric evidence from a pre-industrial society in the Bolivian Amazon
(Elsevier BV, 2005) Ricardo Godoy; Elizabeth Byron; Victòria Reyes-García; Vincent Vadez; William R. Leonard; Lilian Apaza; Tomás Huanca; Eddy Pérez-Then; David Wilkie
Market Economy and the Loss of Folk Knowledge of Plant Uses: Estimates from the Tsimane’ of the Bolivian Amazon
(University of Chicago Press, 2005) Victòria Reyes-García; Vincent Vadez; Elizabeth Byron; Lilian Apaza; William R. Leonard; Eddy Pérez-Then; David Wilkie
For most of human history, people's main form of knowledge has been adapted to the local environment and based on experience and empirical testing.
Measuring Culture as Shared Knowledge: Do Data Collection Formats Matter? Cultural Knowledge of Plant Uses Among Tsimane’ Amerindians, Bolivia
(SAGE Publishing, 2004) Victòria Reyes-García; Elizabeth Byron; Vincent Vadez; Ricardo Godoy; Lilian Apaza; Eddy Pérez Limache; William R. Leonard; David Wilkie
In this article, the authors contribute to the empirical study of culture as shared knowledge by exploring correlations of individual responses to different questionnaires of the same tasks and correlation of individual responses to different tasks. They collected data on ethnobotanical knowledge from 149 adult Tsimane’ Amerindians in Bolivia. The authors used a cultural consensus model to calculate individual scores of cultural knowledge for each questionnaire, correlating individual scores using pooled samples and various subsamples. Results from multiplechoice questionnaires show high reliability. A comparison of competency scores from the paired-comparison and the average of the three multiple-choice questionnaires showed a positive correlation ( r = .46), although it was lower than when comparing multiple-choice to each other. Competency on the triad questionnaire did not correlate with information from any of the other questionnaires. The evidence presented suggests that cultural competence may be consistent across questionnaires of the same task but not necessarily across different tasks in the same domain.
Meat prices influence the consumption of wildlife by the Tsimane' Amerindians of Bolivia
(Cambridge University Press, 2002) Lilian Apaza; David Wilkie; Elizabeth Byron; Tomás Huanca; William R. Leonard; Eddy Pérez-Then; Victòria Reyes-García; Vincent Vadez; Ricardo Godoy
Wildlife (bushmeat or game) is the primary source of protein for most poor households in tropical forests, and its consumption is resulting in unsustainable hunting of large animals, even in isolated regions. As a result, loss of fauna is often a more immediate and significant threat to the conservation of biological diversity in tropical forests than is deforestation. Although the potential effects of the extirpation from tropical forests of large, seed predating and seed dispersing wild animals is poorly understood, it is likely that there will be irrevocable changes in the structure and function of these ecosystems. We carried out a survey of 510 households of Tsimane' Amerindians in the rainforest of Bolivia to investigate how the prices of game and meat from domesticated animals affect the consumption of game. The results indicated that the price of fish and meat from livestock is positively correlated with consumption of wildlife, suggesting that policy makers may be able to reduce the unsustainable hunting of wildlife for food by reducing the price of fish and the price of meat from domesticated animals relative to that of wildlife. Increasing the production of livestock without causing environmental degradation will require long-term public investment in agricultural research and extension, and substitution of fish for game meat in the absence of sustainable management regimes will result in over-exploitation of riverine and lacustrine fish stocks.
Validity of Self-Reports to Measure Deforestation: Evidence from the Bolivian Lowlands
(SAGE Publishing, 2003) Vincent Vadez; Victòria Reyes-García; Ricardo Godoy; Luke Williams; Lilian Apaza; Elizabeth Byron; Tomás Huanca; William R. Leonard; Eddy Pérez-Then; David Wilkie
To assess rates of deforestation, researchers typically use questionnaires. But do questionnaires provide accurate information about the extent of forest clearance by households? In this article, the authors provide data on the amount of deforestation in a Tsimane' Amerindian village (Bolivia) and assess informant error by cross-checking three different assessments: (1) a direct physical measure by a research team of each plot cleared from the forest, (2)an estimate by the household head of the entire area cleared by his household during the year before the interview, and (3)an estimate by the plot owners of the area cleared of each plot he owns. Results show a high correlation between direct measures and estimates of areas provided by informants; plot owners provided more accurate information than heads of households. Results suggest that asking Amerindians about the area of forest cleared will yield reliable estimates of deforestation.