Browsing by Autor "Lorenzo Luini"

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    Methods to Estimate Gas Attenuation in Absence of a Radiometer to Support Satellite Propagation Experiments
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019) Lorenzo Luini; Gustavo A. Siles; José Manuel Riera; Carlo Riva; James A. Nessel
    The experimental characterization of tropospheric effects on electromagnetic waves relies on the reception of a beacon signal transmitted by a satellite. The total tropospheric attenuation can be derived from these measurements in combination with additional information, specifically the attenuation due to atmospheric gases, in turn derived from ancillary instruments or data sources. When available, this information is obtained from a cosited radiometer. This article presents three alternative procedures to estimate the gas attenuation that can be used in the absence of this instrument. The first one makes use of zenith total delay data obtained from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers and additional meteorological data. The second one relies on atmospheric profiles gathered from radiosonde observations and/or numerical weather prediction (NWP) products. The third one only makes use of standard atmospheric profiles. The accuracy of the procedures, when used in this application, is compared with the reference total tropospheric attenuation derived with the support of radiometric data, exploiting the Alphasat beacon measurements collected in Milan, Italy, in 2017. The results indicate that a better accuracy (average root mean square (rms) error below 0.1 dB when compared with the use of a radiometer) is achieved by using GNSS data because of their finer temporal resolution. Nonetheless, the three procedures can be equally recommended, their use being conditioned to the availability of the appropriate data in the area around the experimental site.
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    Water Vapor Retrieval to Support Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Experiments: Results from Different Techniques
    (University of Castilla-La Mancha, 2019) Lorenzo Luini; Carlo Riva; Laurent Quibus; Danielle Vanhoenacker‐Janvier; Gustavo A. Siles; José Manuel Riera
    The accuracy of different techniques in retrieving the integrated water vapor (IWV) is assessed. Specifically, radiosonde observation (RAOBS) data collected in two sites with different climatic conditions (Milan, Italy, and Uccle, Belgium) are used as a reference to evaluate the accuracy of IWV values extracted from the ERAS database of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast, as well as retrieved from a microwave radiometer (MWR) and GNSS receivers. Results indicate that the MWR provides the most accurate estimate of the IWV, but also that all the considered IWV data sources can satisfactorily serve the purpose of supporting the derivation of the total tropospheric attenuation from the received beacon signal in electromagnetic wave propagation experiment.