Browsing by Autor "Luis Morales"

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Altering body-representation through non-naturalistic sounds: study protocol for an experimental study in a subclinical eating disorders sample
(Research Square (United States), 2022) Sergio Navas-León; Luis Morales; Milagrosa Sánchez-Martín; Laura Crucianelli; Nadia Bianchi‐Berthouze; María de las Mercedes Borda Mas; Ana Tajadura‐Jiménez
Abstract Background Experimental research based on bodily illusions suggests that people with eating disorders (EDs) might have impairments in visual, interoceptive, proprioceptive, and tactile perception, potentially underpinning altered multisensory integration processes. Along this line, research indicates that people with EDs show abnormalities in integrating multisensory visuo-tactile signals, which might contribute to the development of body image disturbances in EDs. More recently, an altered integration of auditory signals related to body weight has been also shown for people with EDs. However, it remains unclear whether these impairments extend to any auditory signals, even if not related to body weight. To fill the gap, the present study will investigate whether participants with ED symptomatology and control participants differ in two auditory feedback tasks which will involve integration of auditory and proprioceptive cues using artificial non-naturalistic sounds. We will test two different body parts (i.e., fingers and waist) which have different levels of emotional saliency for people with EDs. Methods Recruitment will be through convenience sampling. The EDE-Q questionnaire will be administered as a screening tool to split the sample into participants with and without ED symptomatology. The strength of both illusions will be measured implicitly with estimations of body part position and size, and explicitly with self-report questionnaires. As a secondary aim, regression analysis will be carried out to test the predictive role of susceptibility for both illusions on ED symptomatology, interoceptive body awareness and sensory-processing sensitivity. Discussion Our study might contribute to our understanding of the aetiology of body image disturbances. The results may lay the ground for novel clinical interventions which aim to improve symptoms at the early stages of the illness.
Exploring the mediating role of motivational regulations in the relationship between body image and physical activity by sex: a structural equation modelling approach
(2024) SERGIO NAVAS LEÓN; Ana Tajadura‐Jiménez; Luis Morales; María de las Mercedes Borda Mas; María Luisa Avargues Navarro; MILAGROSA SÁNCHEZ MARTÍN
<title>Abstract</title> Background This study examined the relationship between body image (BI), physical activity (PA) level, and the mediating role of motivational regulation. Methods The study used a cross-sectional design and involved 1012 participants. BI was assessed using the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire, motivational regulation using the Behavioural Regulation Exercise Questionnaire, and PA level with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the results. Results The findings showed that the subjective importance of physical appearance and physical shape had both direct and indirect impacts on moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and motivational regulation. The relationship between BID and MVPA was mainly mediated by intrinsic, integrated, and introjected regulations for men, and integrated, identified, and amotivated regulations for women. Conclusion These findings suggest that motivational regulation plays a crucial role in the relationship between BID and PA level and provide valuable insights for policy-makers and practitioners seeking to promote healthy PA behaviour.
Eye Movements and Eating Disorders: an Exploratory Experimental Study Examining the Relationship in Young-adult Women With Subclinical Symptomatology.
(Research Square (United States), 2022) Sergio Navas-León; Milagrosa Sánchez-Martín; Ana Tajadura‐Jiménez; Lize De Coster; María de las Mercedes Borda Mas; Luis Morales
Abstract Background: Recent research indicates that patients with anorexia (AN) show specific eye movement abnormalities such as shorter prosaccade latencies, more saccade inhibition errors, and increased rate of saccadic intrusions compared to participants without AN. However, it remains unknown whether these abnormal eye movement patterns, which may serve as potential biomarkers and endophenotypes for an early diagnosis and preventive clinical treatments, start to manifest also in people with subclinical eating disorders (ED) symptomatology. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate whether participants with subclinical ED symptomatology and control participants differ in their performance on several eye movement tasks. Methods: The sample will be recruited through convenience sampling. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) will be administered as a screening tool to split the sample into participants with subclinical ED symptomatology and control participants. A fixation task, prosaccade/antisaccade task, and memory-guided task will be administered to both groups. Additionally, we will measure anxiety and premorbid intelligence as confounding variables. Analyses of variance and exploratory Pearson's correlations will be performed. Discussion: This study will be the first to elucidate the presence of specific eye movement abnormalities in participants with subclinical ED symptomatology. The results may open opportunities for developing novel diagnostic tools/therapies being helpful to the EDs research community and allied fields.
From ears to waist: the influence of non-naturalistic sounds on body perception in relation to eating disorders symptomatology
(2026) Sergio Navas-León; Ana Tajadura-Jiménez; Milagrosa Sánchez-Martín; Laura Crucianelli; Luis Morales
<title>Abstract</title> Background People with clinical and subclinical eating disorders (EDs) show abnormalities in integrating multisensory bodily auditory information, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of body image disturbance. However, it remains unclear whether these impairments are specific to bodily auditory signals or extend to other auditory cues, and whether they differentially affect body parts depending on emotional salience. Methods Eighty-seven participants were recruited and allocated to either a subclinical ED group or a control group based on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). We assessed the strength of two auditory-driven body illusions: a finger position illusion (Experiment 1) and a waist size illusion (Experiment 2). Illusion strength was measured using implicit indices (estimates of finger position and waist size) and explicit indices (self-report questionnaires). As a secondary aim, we examined individual differences in interoceptive awareness and sensory-processing sensitivity. Results Both groups experienced the finger illusion, with no between-group differences on implicit or explicit measures. In contrast, the subclinical ED group did not show a waist-shrinking effect in response to sound, whereas the control group did. Discussion These findings suggest that auditory-driven updating of body representation may be selectively altered for emotionally salient body parts in individuals with elevated ED symptomatology. The pattern also supports the possibility that attitudinal factors may exert a stronger influence on body image distortions than purely perceptual factors. Future studies should further validate the waist illusion as a tool to target body image disturbances and explore its potential as a complementary component in cognitive-behavioural interventions. Trial Registration https//link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40337023007494
Modeling and control of nonlinear systems using an Adaptive LAMDA approach
(Elsevier BV, 2020) Luis Morales; José Aguilar; Andrés Rosales; Danilo Chávez; Paulo Leica
Production in Bilingual and Multilingual Speakers
(2017) Daniela Paolieri; Luis Morales; M. Teresa Bajo
In this chapter, we critically review the most important theories regarding language activation in bilingual production. Thus, we report evidence supporting the view that the language not-in-use is also activated during comprehension and production. Taken together, the evidence suggests that cross-language interactions can be observed from the earlier to the final stages of language production, thus exerting their effects from the lexical to the phonological word levels. Along the chapter we also discuss the mechanism that allows bilinguals to efficiently accomplish naming and translation tasks in the presence of language co-activation. We review the proposal that inhibitory control permits, at least in part, to overcome cross-language interference by suppressing the non-intended language. Finally, we consider different factors that seem to modulate language co-activation and language selection such as immersion in an L2 context and practice in professional translation.