Browsing by Autor "Luisa Arroyave"

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Inequalities in access to health services among older adults in Colombia, 2015−2023
(2025) Andrea Mejía-Grueso; Juliana Mejía-Grueso; Erika Geraldine Guarín Navas; Carlos Marío Cortés-Bahamón; Diego Andrés Chavarro‐Carvajal; Glória Isabel Niño Cruz; Luisa Arroyave; Carlos Cano
Disparities in access to health services for older adults in Colombia require monitoring. This study examines inequalities in access to health services among Colombian adults aged 60 and older from 2015 to 2023, using data from the Colombian National Quality of Life surveys. Levesque’s model was applied to evaluate the abilities to perceive, seek, reach, pay for, and engage with healthcare services. A composite score was used to aggregate these dimensions, reflecting overall access to health services. Stratified analyses were conducted to explore disparities by sex, region, residence, and income. The results indicate that access to health services varied over time, with notable discrepancies based on sex, region, residence, and income. Urban residents and individuals from higher-income households consistently experienced better access to healthcare services. Disparities persisted across the study period, with the greatest regional differences observed in 2023. These findings underscore the importance of addressing these inequalities to ensure equitable healthcare for Colombia’s aging population.
Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in four prisons in Colombia
(Cambridge University Press, 2025) Zulma Vanessa Rueda; Mariana Herrera; Diana Marín; Lucelly López; Teresa Realpe; Laura Lopes de Almeida; Luisa Arroyave; Nestor Rueda; Glória Isabel Niño Cruz; U. A. Hurtado
Our study aimed to describe the transmission dynamics and genotypic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in people deprived of liberty (PDL) in four Colombian prisons. Our cohort study included 64 PDL with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in four Colombian prisons. The 132 isolates were genotyped using 24-mycobacterial interspersed repeated units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRUs-VNTR). A cluster was defined when ≥2 isolates from different PDL had the same genotype. Tuberculosis acquired in prison was considered when ≥2 persons were within the same cluster and had an epidemiological link. We mapped the place of residence before incarceration and within prisons. We assessed overcrowding and ventilation conditions in the prison that had clusters. We found that the most frequent genotypes were LAM (56.8%) and Haarlem (36.4%), and 45.3% of the PDL diagnosed with tuberculosis were clustered. Most PDL diagnosed in prison came from neighborhoods in Medellin with a high TB incidence. M. tuberculosis infection acquired in prison was detected in 19% of PDL, 9.4% had mixed infection, 3.1% reinfection, and 1.6% relapse. Clusters only appeared in one prison, in cell blocks with overcrowding >100%, and inadequate ventilation conditions. Prisons require the implementation of effective respiratory infection control measures to prevent M. tuberculosis transmission.