Browsing by Autor "Luz Elena Orozco"

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Entrepreneurial Forms: a Continuum for NGFM
(Academy of Management, 2022) Estefanía Hernández; Luz Elena Orozco
Purpose - The purpose of this research is to study the entrepreneurial trajectory of next generation family members (NGFM) as a basis for differentiating the contexts that drive the emergence of various entrepreneurial forms in family firms.The research question is: how the FF context influences the emergence of different entrepreneurial forms. Design/method/approach - To answer the research question, we conducted qualitative research focused on the Grounded Theory method that aims to build a theory upon empirical evidence. We collected data from 22 semi-structured interviews that asked NGFM about the history of their FF and their role within it. Findings - We propose a model that is a continuum of entrepreneurial forms and consists of internal new venture, family entrepreneurial portfolio, and independent new venture. The NGFM were classified under those 3 categories depending on their entrepreneurial activity and the organizational arrangement that the entrepreneurship took place in the economy. Also, there is a fourth form called the follower role which correspond to the reference point form non-entrepreneurship, it dictates the dynamics that FF have to overcome so that it can be entrepreneurial. Each FF and NGFM is able to engage in more than one entrepreneurial form simultaneously or consecutively, the background that influence the development of one or another entrepreneurial form is determined by the FF and the family dynamics. The proposed model is a continuum since the trajectory of NGFM is also an entrepreneurial learning path that have an adaptative character over time. The variables used for the analysis were: family unit, impact intention scope, creation of need, inclusiveness of decisions, paternalistic culture and informal team building. The most relevant insight about these variables is that the uniqueness of entrepreneurial forms is given by the combination of them in different levels of intensity among cases, this allowed us to address the complexity of the cases and a broader comprehension of each entrepreneurial form. Research implications – While it has a limited number of entrepreneurial forms included in the model it invites to analyse the dynamics that precede entrepreneurship in FF, especially in an individual manner addressing the complexity of the family and firm interactions. Practical implications – Insights from this research are useful for family firms to shape their dynamics in order to enable the formation of determined entrepreneurial forms. Also, it is important for education in entrepreneurship and family firms since it transcends the classic view of family as the only background of family firms and offer a more comprehensive view of FF backgrounds and entrepreneurial forms emergence. Originality and value – this paper highlights the importance of analysing the dynamics that precede entrepreneurial forms, and mainly to do it in a detailed way, avoiding generalizations about family firms and providing a continuum model with the whole overview. Keywords – Entrepreneurship, Family Business, Entrepreneurial forms
Is it a Man's World? Senior-Level Executive Women at Work in the 21st Century
(Academy of Management, 2020) Batia Ben Hador; Galit Klein; Batia Ben Hador; Tracy Hopkins; Galit Klein; Luz Elena Orozco; Romila Singh; VICTOR BALDRICH; Eyal Eckhaus; Nadya A. Fouad
The last several years have witnessed calls for changes and inclusive processes for women in organizations. Both the #MeToo movement and McDormand’s call for an 'inclusive rider' highlight the problem of gender inequality even in senior positions. Indeed, some countries have shown evidence of an ever-growing increase in demands to raise quotas and legislate further regulations encouraging women’s inclusion in companies' boards (Huse, 2005; Seierstad, Warner-Søderholm, Torchia & Huse, 2015). However, despite this rising awareness, women still face significant struggles, biases, and difficulties as they move up the ladder into senior positions. Acker (2006) argues that social and economic inequality in the United States and other industrial countries is embedded in organizations, and is evident in the daily activities of working in an organization (2006, p. 441). However, while workers in lower-level, non-management positions are more aware of this inequality, it is less prevalent in management, leadership, and supervisory roles. In the current symposium, we will discuss the difficulties women face as they advance to senior positions. The papers presented in the symposium indicate the multiple barriers and biases concerning women working in male dominated or even neutral-gender occupations. We also deliberate about the connection between women serving as board members and organizational performance, and highlight the differences in the usage of social capital between senior women and their male counterparts. Focusing on the difficulties facing women in senior professional positions, this symposium offers rich insights into the challenges women face as they move up the hierarchical corporate ladder. Gender Bias and Attractiveness during the Evaluation of Unethical Accountants' Work Behaviors Presenter: Galit Klein; Department of Economics and Business Administration, Ariel U. Presenter: Zeev Shtudiner; Department of Economics and Business Administration, Ariel U. Overcoming Career Barriers for Executive Women in the Resources Sector of Western Australia Presenter: Tracy Hopkins; Curtin Business School The Impact of Female Senior Manager Work Practices on the Stock Market: The Case of Enron Presenter: Batia Ben Hador; Ariel U. Department of Economics and Business Administration, Israel Presenter: Eyal Eckhaus; Department of Economics and Business Administration, Ariel U. How Female and Male Directors Differentially Influence Firm Performance Presenter: Luz Elena Orozco; U. de los Andes, Colombia Presenter: VICTOR BALDRICH; School of Management, U. de los Andes Do Men and Women in Traditionally Male-Dominated Occupations Experience Asymmetric Career Effects? Presenter: Romila Singh; U. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Presenter: Nadya Fouad; U. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Presenter: Xiaoxia Zhu; U. of Milwaukee-Wisconsin Presenter: MICHAEL KOZLOWSKI; School of Education, U. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Presenter: STEPHEN WESTER; School of Education U. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Presenter: Megha Yadav; U. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Presenter: Lu Yu; U. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Selling Brownies or Formal Education: A Breakpoint for Entrepreneurial Learning in Family Firms
(Academy of Management, 2022) Luz Elena Orozco; Estefanía Hernández
Purpose- The purpose of this study is understanding the entrepreneurial learning in family firms, from a process perspective and focused on next generation family members (NGFM), who were exposed to entrepreneurial learning processes in their family firms. While the relationship between family firms and entrepreneurship has captured a lot of research interest, the processes that entail the transfer of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills between family members have received less attention. This paper contributes to fill this gap by analyzing the learning experiences and relationship with previous generations that originated entrepreneurial learning in next generations. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on 24 Colombian cases of NGFM, who were diverse in terms of ages, entrepreneurial achievements, and connections to the family firms. Findings – Entrepreneurial learning is a continuous and incremental process with multiple mechanisms to learn, which are defined by the previous generation. There is a temporal dimension associated with life stages, which defines the type of mechanisms more useful to learn about entrepreneurship. Early involvement is a key factor for entrepreneurial learning, but it requires further comprehension than what current literature has reached. Originality/Value – By applying the process perspective of entrepreneurial learning to the context of family firms, the study identifies unique dynamics to transfer entrepreneurial knowledge and skills among generations, which help understanding the diversity of entrepreneurial performance of these firms.
The Impact of Multimarket Contact on Efficiency and Profitability
(Academy of Management, 2014) Luz Elena Orozco; Albert A. Cannella
Our study of 39 Venezuelan banks from 2006-2010 examines the implications of multimarket contact (MMC) on bank operational efficiency. Much prior work has concluded that MMC naturally coincides with scale and scope economies, creating a natural association with efficiency, but does not develop a direct causal linkage between MMC and efficiency. In contrast, our study provides theory and evidence that MMC has a U-shaped relationship with operational efficiency. At low levels of MMC, mutual forbearance leads to a relaxation of competitive intensity, which leads to higher and more stable prices. The lowered competitive intensity and stable profitability leads to reduced effort and vigilance on the part of managers to increase or maintain efficiency. In contrast, at higher levels of MMC, the relationship turns positive as firms with MMC discover opportunities to coordinate on matters related to efficient operations thus leading to higher efficiency. Additionally, we provide theory and evidence that MMC’s impact on profitability is partially mediated through operational efficiency. This partial mediation supports the prediction that MMC is often a correlate of operational efficiency, in addition to being a causal antecedent of it. We test our predictions with data from the Venezuelan banking industry, capturing MMC at the firm-in- market level. Venezuela is relatively closed to global banks, creating a local oligopoly with no new bank entry or exit during our study period.
The relationship between perceptions of insecurity, social capital and subjective well-being: Empirical evidences from areas of rural conflict in Colombia
(Elsevier BV, 2010) Eduardo Wills Herrera; Luz Elena Orozco; Clemente Forero Pineda; Oscar Pardo; Veneta Andonova
When does Gender Diversity Matter in Entrepreneurial Teams? The Case of Colombia
(Academy of Management, 2019) Isabel C. Botero; Luz Elena Orozco
Gender diverse entrepreneurial teams are said to benefit women entrepreneurship in male dominated cultures and industries. However, we have a limited empirical understanding of the reality of this claim. This study explores the conditions conditions under which women membership in entrepreneurial teams results in higher financial performance within a male dominated cultural context (i.e., Colombia). Our results indicate that women membership in entrepreneurial teams is likely to influence financial performance when teams have a critical mass of women membership either as a percentage of women members or as a percentage of women ownership stake. These results are stronger for teams that have family ties.