Browsing by Autor "M Torrez"

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A new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania amazonensis in a Sub Andean region of Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 1998) Eliana C. Martinez; François Le Pont; M Torrez; Jenny Telleria; Fernando Regla Vargas; M Muñoz; Simonne De Doncker; Jean‐Claude Dujardin; Jean‐Pierre Dujardin
Co-infection by Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum/L. chagasi in a case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bolivia
(Oxford University Press, 2002) E. Martínez; S. Mollinedo; M Torrez; M Muñoz; Anne‐Laure Bañuls; François Le Pont
We present the first report of a co-infection by Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum/L. chagasi isolated in 1993 from a patient with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL), living in the sub-Andean region of Bolivia. This is the third reported case of DCL in Bolivia, but the first one with isoenzymatic identification of the aetiological agents involved and the first one giving evidence for a mixed infection by 2 Leishmania parasites in the same lesion.
Evidence for a Major Gene Controlling Susceptibility to Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in a Recently Exposed Bolivian Population
(Elsevier BV, 1997) Alexandre Alcaïs; Laurent Abel; C. David; M Torrez; Philippe Flandre; Jean-Pierre Dedet
Fifteen years of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Bolivia: a retrospective study
(Oxford University Press, 1993) C. David; L. Dimier-David; Fernando Vargas; M Torrez; Jean-Pierre Dedet
This paper present the results of a retrospective study of cases of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Bolivia between 1975 and 1991. The total number of cases reported was 4058, 739 of which were mucous. Three different areas of endemic leishmaniasis are defined in Bolivia.
First evidence of transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni in a Sub Andean region of Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2002) Brigitte Bastrenta; R Buitrago; Fernando Regla Vargas; François Le Pont; M Torrez; María Flóres-Chávez; N Mita; Simone Frédérique Brénière
Human mixed infections of Leishmania spp. and Leishmania-Trypanosoma cruzi in a sub Andean Bolivian area: identification by polymerase chain reaction/hybridization and isoenzyme
(Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, 2003) Brigitte Bastrenta; N Mita; R Buitrago; Fernando Regla Vargas; María Flóres-Chávez; M Machane; Nina Yacsik; M Torrez; François Le Pont; Simone Frédérique Brénière
Parasites belonging to Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania mexicana complexes and Trypanosoma cruzi (clones 20 and 39) were searched in blood, lesions and strains collected from 28 patients with active cutaneous leishmaniasis and one patient with visceral leishmaniasis. PCR-hybridization with specific probes of Leishmania complexes (L. braziliensis, L. donovani and L. mexicana) and T. cruzi clones was applied to the different DNA samples. Over 29 patients, 8 (27.6%) presented a mixed infection Leishmania complex species, 17 (58.6%) a mixed infection Leishmania-T. cruzi, and 4 (13.8%) a multi Leishmania-T. cruzi infection. Several patients were infected by the two Bolivian major clones 20 and 39 of T. cruzi (44.8%). The L. braziliensis complex was more frequently detected in lesions than in blood and a reverse result was observed for L. mexicana complex. The polymerase chain reaction-hybridization design offers new arguments supporting the idea of an underestimated rate of visceral leishmanisis in Bolivia. Parasites were isolated by culture from the blood of two patients and lesions of 10 patients. The UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages) dendrogram computed from Jaccard's distances obtained from 11 isoenzyme loci data confirmed the presence of the three Leishmania complexes and undoubtedly identified human infections by L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (L.) chagasi and L. (L.) mexicana species. Additional evidence of parasite mixtures was visualized through mixed isoenzyme profiles, L. (V.) braziliensis-L. (L.) mexicana and Leishmania spp.-T. cruzi. The epidemiological profile in the studied area appeared more complex than currently known. This is the first report of parasitological evidence of Bolivian patients with trypanosomatidae multi infections and consequences on the diseases' control and patient treatments are discussed.
La competencia comunicativa de la IA: Una perspectiva lingüística, semántica y pragmática
(2025) M Torrez
El desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial (IA) ha avanzado significativamente en su capacidad para procesar y generar lenguaje natural, lo que ha llevado a interrogantes sobre su competencia comunicativa. Este ensayo analiza la competencia comunicativa de la IA explorando hasta qué punto estos sistemas pueden emular la comunicación humana. En primer lugar, se examina el paso de la codificación a la generación de contenido de la IA gracias al uso de lenguaje natural. A continuación, se analiza su competencia lingüística, destacando su capacidad para estructurar enunciados gramaticalmente correctos mediante redes neuronales y modelos de lenguaje. Luego, se aborda el aspecto semántico, enfatizando los desafíos que presenta en la representación del significado y la comprensión del lenguaje. Finalmente, se analiza la competencia pragmática, analizando cómo los chatbots y asistentes virtuales han mejorado en la interacción conversacional, aunque tengan limitaciones contextuales, sociolingüísticas y discursivas. Se concluye que la IA plantea nuevas líneas de investigación sobre cómo se adquiere una lengua, de dónde surge el significado y qué elementos principales se hallan en la comunicación efectiva.
Lutzomyia nuneztovari anglesi (Le pont & Desjeux, 1984) as a vector of Leishmania amazonensis in a sub-Andean leishmaniasis focus of Bolivia.
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1999) E. Martínez; François Le Pont; M Torrez; Jenny Telleria; Fernando Regla Vargas; Jean-Pierre Dujardin; JP Dujardin
Recently, a new Leishmania amazonensis focus was described in a sub-Andean region (1,450-2,100 meters above sea level) of Bolivia. In this area, three anthropophilic sandfly species were identified: Lutzomyia nuneztovari anglesi Le Pont & Desjeux, 1984, which represented 86-99% of the captures, Lu. galatiae Le Pont et al., 1998, and Lu. shannoni Dyar 1929. Only Lu. nuneztovari anglesi was found naturally infected by flagellates (16 of 1,715 females). Three Leishmania stocks were isolated and analyzed by isoenzyme electrophoresis at 11 loci. No significant isoenzymatic differences were demonstrated between them and 7 stocks isolated from patients from the same area, and previously characterized as L. amazonensis. Moreover, in a simplified protocol, the experimental infection of Lu. nuneztovari anglesi by L. amazonensis was successful in 92% of the surviving specimens. These data are discussed in relation to the Killick-Kendrick criteria. These results strongly suggest that Lu. nuneztovari anglesi is the vector of L amazonensis at Cajuata, Inquisivi, La Paz, Bolivia.
Lutzomyianuneztovarianglesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) as a probable vector of Leishmaniabraziliensis in the Yungas, Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 1998) M Torrez; Martha López; François Le Pont; E. Martínez; M Muñoz; David Abril Hervàs; Nina Yaksic; Jorge Arévalo; David Sossa; Jean-Pierre Dedet
Putative Reservoirs of Leishmania amazonensis in a Sub-andean Focus of Bolivia Identified by kDNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction
(Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, 1999) Jenny Telleria; Bosseno Mf; T. Tarifa; R Buitrago; E. Martínez; M Torrez; François Le Pont; Simone Frédérique Brénière
Rural campaign to diagnose and treat mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Bolivia.
(National Institutes of Health, 1995) Jean-Pierre Dedet; R Melogno; Fernando Cárdenas; L Valda; C. David; Victoria Gallardo; M Torrez; L. Dimier-David; Philippe Lyèvre; M E Villareal
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is endemic in the tropical Amazonian lowlands of Bolivia, an area that regularly receives influxes of migratory populations. In these new agricultural development areas, a campaign to diagnose and treat the disease was carried out between 1989 and 1992, in order to provide direct access to MCL treatment in the endemic areas at a standard equivalent to that offered in the urban centres in Bolivia. The campaign led to the creation of decentralized local centres for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. A campaign to inform the population about leishmaniasis was also undertaken and courses were run to educate medical and paramedical personnel. As a result of the campaign, 3285 cases of leishmaniasis were diagnosed, including 2152 cutaneous and 326 mucosal forms. Also, a total of 1888 cases were treated, 1677 of which cutaneous and 211, mucosal.