Browsing by Autor "M. Gallardo"

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Analgosedation and delirium practices in critically ill patients in the Pan-American and Iberian setting, and factors associated with oversedation after the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the PANDEMIC study
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Carola Giménez-Esparza Vich; Felipe Martínez; Daniela Olmos Kutscherauer; Daniel Molano-Franco; M. Gallardo; Enrique M. Olivares-Durán; Jesús Pérez Caballero; Rosa Reina; M. García Sánchez; Federico Carini
Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Relations in Polylepis tarapacana at Extreme Altitudes in the Bolivian Andes
(Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 2004) C. García‐Núñez; Fermín Rada; C. Boero; Juan Antonio González; M. Gallardo; A. Azócar; M. Liberman‐Cruz; Mirna Hilal; Fernando E. Prado
Stress-induced restrictions to carbon balance, growth, and reproduction are the causes of tree-line formation at a global scale. We studied gas exchange and water relations of Polylepis tarapacana in the field, considering the possible effects of water stress limitations imposed on net photosynthetic rate (PN). Daily courses of microclimatic variables, gas exchange, and leaf water potential were measured in both dry-cold and wet-warm seasons at an altitude of 4 300 m. Marked differences in environmental conditions between seasons resulted in differences for the dry-cold and wet-warm seasons in mean leaf water potentials (-1.67 and -1.02 MPa, respectively) and mean leaf conductances (33.5 and 58.9 mmol m-2 s-1, respectively), while differences in mean PN (2.5 and 2.8 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively) were not as evident. This may be related to limitations imposed by water deficit and lower photon flux densities during dry and wet seasons, respectively. Hence P. tarapacana has coupled its gas exchange characteristics to the extreme daily and seasonal variations in temperature and water availability of high elevations.
Low‐temperature resistance in <i>Polylepis tarapacana</i>, a tree growing at the highest altitudes in the world
(Wiley, 2001) Fermín Rada; C. García‐Núñez; C. Boero; M. Gallardo; Mirna Hilal; Juan Antonio González; Fernando E. Prado; M. Liberman‐Cruz; A. Azócar
ABSTRACT The Polylepis tarapacana forests found in Bolivia are unique with respect to their altitudinal distribution (4200–5200 m). Given the extreme environmental conditions that characterize these altitudes, this species has to rely on distinct mechanisms to survive stressful temperatures. The purpose of this study was to determine low‐temperature resistance mechanisms in P. tarapacana . Tissue was sampled for carbohydrate and proline contents and micro‐climatic measurements were made at two altitudes, 4300 and 4850 m, during both the dry cold and wet warm seasons. Supercooling capacity (−3 to −6 °C for the cold dry and −7 to −9 °C for the wet warm season) and injury temperatures (−18 to −23 °C for both seasons), determined in the laboratory, indicate that P. tarapacana is a frost‐tolerant species. On the other hand, an increase in supercooling capacity, as the result of significant increase in total soluble sugar and proline contents, occurs during the wet warm season as a consequence of higher metabolic activity. Hence, P. tarapacana , a frost‐tolerant species during the colder unfavourable season, is able to avoid freezing during the more favourable season when minimum night‐time temperatures are not as extreme.
Prácticas de analgosedación y delirium en pacientes críticos de la región Panamericana e Ibérica y factores asociados a la sobresedación tras la pandemia COVID-19: resultados del estudio PANDEMIC
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Carola Giménez-Esparza Vich; Felipe Martínez; Daniela Olmos Kutscherauer; Daniel Molano-Franco; M. Gallardo; Enrique M. Olivares-Durán; Jesús Pérez Caballero; Rosa Reina; M. García Sánchez; Federico Carini
La sobresedación tiene consecuencias negativas en pacientes críticos. Desde el Comité de Analgosedación y Delirium de la Federación Panamericana e Ibérica de Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva (FEPIMCTI) diseñamos un estudio transversal mediante encuesta dirigida a médicos/as de UCI: PANDEMIC (estudio Panamericano e Ibérico sobre manejo de ANalgosedación y DEliriuM en Cuidados Críticos [fepImCti]). Hipótesis Empeoramiento de dichas prácticas durante la pandemia que persistieron tras ella, con mayor sobresedación. Percepción de prácticas de analgosedación y delirium en las UCI de las regiones Panamericana e Ibérica antes, durante y después de la pandemia COVID-19 y factores asociados a persistencia de la sobresedación pospandemia. De los 1.008 encuestados, el 25% informaron percepción de sobresedación tras la pandemia (IC 95%: 22,4%-27,8%), mayor en Sudamérica (35,8%; p < 0,001). Principal factor riesgo: hábito adquirido durante la pandemia (OR ajustado [aOR]: 3,16; IC 95%: 2,24-4,45; p < 0,001). Principal factor protector: monitorización delirium (aOR: 0,70; IC 95%: 0,50-0,98; p = 0,038) previo a la pandemia. Estos factores identificados en el estudio ofrecen una base para dirigir intervenciones futuras. Oversedation has adverse effects on critically ill patients. The Analgosedation and Delirium Committee of the FEPIMCTI (Pan-American and Iberian Federation of Critical Care Medicine and Intensive Care) conducted a cross-sectional study through a survey addressed to ICU physicians: PANDEMIC (Pan-American and Iberian Study on the Management of Analgosedation and Delirium in Critical Care [fepImCti]). Hypothesis Worsening of these practices in the course of the pandemic and that continued afterwards, with further oversedation. Perception of analgosedation and delirium practices in Pan-American and Iberian ICUs before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and factors associated with persistent oversedation after the pandemic. Of the 1008 respondents, 25% perceived oversedation after the pandemic (95% CI: 22.4-27.8). This perception was higher in South America (35.8%; P < .001). Main risk factor: habit acquired during the pandemic (adjusted OR [aOR]: 3.16; 95% CI: 2.24-4.45; P < .001). Main protective factor: delirium monitoring before the pandemic (aOR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50-0.98; P = .038). The factors identified in this study provide a basis for targeting future interventions.