Browsing by Autor "Marco Antonio Paco Vargas"

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Determinants of blood oxygenation during pregnancy in Andean and European residents of high altitude
(American Physiological Society, 2007) Marco Antonio Paco Vargas; Enrique Vargas; Colleen G. Julian; J. Fernando Armaza; Armando Rodríguez; Wilma Téllez; Susan Niermeyer; Megan Wilson; Esteban J. Parra; Mark D. Shriver
High altitude decreases birth weight, but this effect is diminished in long vs. short-resident, high-altitude populations. We asked whether women from long vs. short-resident, high-altitude populations had higher arterial oxygenation levels by comparing 42 Andean and 26 European residents of La Paz, Bolivia (3,600 m), serially during pregnancy (weeks 20, 30, and 36) and again 4 mo postpartum. Pregnancy raised hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity threefold, resting ventilation (.Ve), and arterial O(2) saturation (Sa(O2)) in both groups. Ancestry, as identified using 81 genetic markers, correlated with respiratory pattern, such that greater Andean ancestry was associated with higher respiratory frequency and lower tidal volume. Pregnancy increased total blood and plasma volume approximately 40% in both groups without changing red blood cell mass relative to body weight; hence, hemoglobin fell. The hemoglobin decline was compensated for by the rise in .Ve and Sa(O2) with the result that arterial O2 content (Ca(O2)) was maintained near nonpregnant levels in both groups. Birth weights were similar for all Andean and European babies, but after adjusting for variation in gestational age, maternal height and parity, Andeans weighed 209 g more than Europeans. Babies with heavier birth weights and greater ponderal indices were born to Andean women with higher Ve during pregnancy. We concluded that while maternal .Ve and arterial oxygenation were important, some factor other than higher Ca(O2) was responsible for protecting Andeans from altitude-associated reductions in fetal growth.
El Pensamiento Esbelto y la calidad educativa en la Educación Superior
(2022) Marco Antonio Paco Vargas
In a globalized and avant-garde world like this one, where the demands for excellence are the order of the day, Lean Thinking has emerged. Although its origins come from the manufacturing area, it has permeated in such a way that this philosophy is perfectly applicable to the academic campus. The objective of this research is to analyze how the application of lean thinking can contribute to raising the quality of teaching in higher education institutions. Methodologically, the study was based on a descriptive-correlational level with a purely documentary design. The conclusions point out that this methodology has a positive impact on the efficiency and quality of education, showing improvements in pedagogical processes, quality of learning, student satisfaction and innovation. Additionally, an experience of implementation of Lean Thinking in a Bolivian Higher Educational Institution was described, which obtained extraordinary results.
Estrategias de Marketing B2b para la comercialización de Insumos de Construcción
(2021) Marco Antonio Paco Vargas
The construction materials market is increasingly dominated by construction companies and consortia that demand products in large quantities, which is why B2B strategies, aimed at related companies immersed in the construction field, have increasingly greater relevance in the market. In this article, the objective was to carry out a description of the marketing strategies that are applied in companies dedicated to the marketing of construction supplies. A qualitative research with a descriptive study has been used. It is concluded that it is important to adapt these strategies to the specific characteristics of the construction market in Bolivia, considering cultural, regulatory and economic factors specific to the country.
Greater uterine artery blood flow during pregnancy in multigenerational (Andean) than shorter-term (European) high-altitude residents
(American Physiological Society, 2007) Megan J. Wilson; M. de la Flor; Marco Antonio Paco Vargas; Colleen G. Julian; Wilma Téllez; Armando Rodríguez; Abigail W. Bigham; J. Fernando Armaza; Susan Niermeyer; Mark D. Shriver
Multigenerational (Andean) compared with shorter-term (European) high-altitude residents exhibit less hypoxia-associated reductions in birth weight. Because differences in arterial O(2) content are not responsible, we asked whether greater pregnancy-associated increases in uterine artery (UA) blood flow and O(2) delivery were involved. Serial studies were conducted in 42 Andean and 26 European residents of La Paz, Bolivia (3600 m) at weeks 20, 30, 36 of pregnancy and 4 mo postpartum using Doppler ultrasound. There were no differences postpartum but Andean vs. European women had greater UA diameter (0.65 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.56 +/- 0.01 cm), cross-sectional area (33.1 +/- 0.97 vs. 24.7 +/- 1.18 mm(2)), and blood flow at week 36 (743 +/- 87 vs. 474 +/- 36 ml/min) (all P < 0.05) and thus 1.6-fold greater uteroplacental O(2) delivery near term (126.82 +/- 18.47 vs. 80.33 +/- 8.69 ml O(2).ml blood(-1).min(-1), P < 0.05). Andeans had greater common iliac (CI) flow and lower external iliac relative to CI flow (0.52 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.95 +/- 0.14, P < 0.05) than Europeans at week 36. After adjusting for gestational age, maternal height, and parity, Andean babies weighed 209 g more than the Europeans. Greater UA cross-sectional area at week 30 related positively to birth weight in Andeans (r = +0.39) but negatively in Europeans (r = -0.37) (both P < 0.01). We concluded that a greater pregnancy-associated increase in UA diameter raised UA blood flow and uteroplacental O(2) delivery in the Andeans and contributed to their ability to maintain normal fetal growth under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia. These data implicate the involvement of genetic factors in protecting multigenerational populations from hypoxia-associated reductions in fetal growth, but future studies are required for confirmation and identification of the specific genes involved.
La transformación digital en las instituciones de educación superior de la ciudad de La Paz
(2023) Marco Antonio Paco Vargas
La transformación digital en las instituciones de educación superior de la ciudad de La Paz ha sido objeto de creciente interés y estudio en los últimos años. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el estado actual de la transformación digital en las instituciones de educación superior de La Paz. Metodológicamente se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo, interpretativo, documental. Los resultados revelaron la implementación exitosa de plataformas de aprendizaje en línea, la adopción de herramientas digitales y la mejora en el acceso a recursos digitales para los estudiantes. Se concluyó que es imperativa una planificación estratégica y una visión a largo plazo para la transformación digital en las instituciones de educación superior de la ciudad de La Paz, es fundamental seguir fortaleciendo la capacitación docente en el uso de tecnologías digitales y brindar un apoyo continuo a los estudiantes en su proceso de adaptación a la educación digital.
Programa de capacitación laboral para jóvenes bachilleres en La Paz
(2022) Marco Antonio Paco Vargas
El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la necesidad de implementar un Programa de Formación Técnica Laboral para Jóvenes Bachilleres en la ciudad de La Paz. Metodológicamente es mixto, se utilizó un enfoque descriptivo correlacional para explorar la relación entre variables. Los resultados resaltan la necesidad imperante de implementar un Programa de Formación Técnica Laboral para Jóvenes Bachilleres en la ciudad de La Paz. Se identificó una clara relación entre el mercado laboral y la oferta formativa, subrayando la importancia de brindar a los jóvenes bachilleres oportunidades de formación que se ajusten a las demandas del entorno laboral. En conclusión, este estudio respalda la necesidad de promover programas de formación técnica laboral que estén alineados con las necesidades del mercado, impulsando así el crecimiento personal, la empleabilidad y el bienestar de los jóvenes bachilleres en la ciudad de La Paz.
Resultados de la enseñanza y aprendizaje del idioma aymara en escuelas de La Paz y su impacto positivo en los estudiantes
(2023) Marco Antonio Paco Vargas
El objetivo del estudio fue diseñar una propuesta de implementación de enseñanza-aprendizaje del idioma aymara en Unidades Educativas. Metodológicamente es cualitativa, bajo un diseño hermenéutico-documental. Los resultados indican que la enseñanza del idioma aymara en las escuelas de la ciudad de La Paz puede tener un impacto positivo en la valoración de la diversidad cultural y en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Se concluye que la enseñanza del idioma aymara debe ser promovida y mejorada en el contexto de la educación urbana de La Paz para fomentar la inclusión cultural y la equidad educativa.