Browsing by Autor "Maria Andreadaki-Vlazaki"

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    Exploring the Evolution of the Cariogenic Oral Pathobiont <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Using Ancient DNA
    (2025) Megan Michel; Aida Andrades Valtueña; Murat Akar; Carmen Alonso Fernández; Micaela Álvarez Calmet; Maria Andreadaki-Vlazaki; Gonzalo Aranda Jiménez; Eszter Bánffy; Rodrigo Barquera; María Inés Barreto Romero
    ABSTRACT The oral pathobiont Streptococcus mutans can contribute to dental caries development through metabolism of dietary carbohydrates. Adoption of carbohydrate-rich agricultural diets is associated with increased prevalence of dental caries in archaeological populations; however, the evolutionary impact of changing subsistence strategies on cariogenic microbes like S. mutans remains to be explored. Here, we use a novel hybridization capture reagent to generate genome-wide ancient DNA data from a global set of 75 S. mutans strains spanning the last 8,000 years. Most virulence-associated genes predate the origins of agriculture; however, we highlight loci regulating genetic competence, bacteriocin production, and biofilm formation which are absent in 5 strains from pre-agricultural ancient hunter-gatherers, suggesting that their acquisition may have been associated with adaptation to carbohydrate-rich agricultural diets. Together, our study highlights ancient DNA as a promising tool for exploring the dynamic interplay between subsistence strategy, microbes, and dental pathology in human populations through time.