Browsing by Autor "Marianne Strohmeyer"

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A screening questionnaire for convulsive seizures: A three-stage field-validation in rural Bolivia
(Public Library of Science, 2017) Loretta Giuliano; Calogero Edoardo Cicero; Elizabeth Blanca Crespo Gómez; Sandra Padilla; Elisa Bruno; Mário E. Camargo; Benôıt Marin; Vito Sofia; Pierre‐Marie Preux; Marianne Strohmeyer
Our screening tool shows a good accuracy and can be easily used by trained health workers to quickly screen the population of the rural communities of LAC through the householders using a three-stage design.
Evaluation of a rapid screening method for detection of antimicrobial resistance in the commensal microbiota of the gut
(Oxford University Press, 2005) Alessandro Bartoloni; Marta Benedetti; Lucia Pallecchi; Mattias Larsson; Antonia Mantella; Marianne Strohmeyer; Filippo Bartalesi; Connie Fernandez; Elisa Guzmán; Yolanda Vallejos
The assessment of antimicrobial resistance among commensal bacteria is an indicator of the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Rapid screening methods for detection of antimicrobial-resistant faecal Escherichia coli directly on MacConkey plates have been successfully adopted but suffer from lack of standardisation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a direct plating method (DPM) for detection of antimicrobial-resistant faecal E. coli and to compare it with a conventional method. Faecal samples were collected from 71 healthy children from Peru and Bolivia. In the DPM, a faecal swab was directly plated onto a MacConkey agar plate and antimicrobial disks were applied onto the seeded plate. Raw data were obtained by direct reading of the plate and were subjected to confirmatory analysis. Good concordance between the DPM and a conventional method was observed in detecting carriage of resistant E. coli, with a higher sensitivity for the DPM. Analysis of the results allowed interpretive criteria to be defined for DPM raw data. The DPM showed good sensitivity and specificity at very low cost (ten times cheaper than the conventional method) to investigate the faecal carriage of drug-resistant E. coli. It may represent a useful tool to conduct large-scale resistance surveillance studies and to monitor resistance control programmes cost effectively, particularly in low-resource countries.
Feasibility of a Combined Mobile-Health Electrocardiographic and Rapid Diagnostic Test Screening for Chagas-Related Cardiac Alterations
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021) Michele Spinicci; Carlo Fumagalli; Niccolò Maurizi; Enrico Guglielmi; Mimmo Roselli; Herlan Gamboa; Marianne Strohmeyer; Veronica Poma; Roberto Vargas; Iacopo Olivotto
Combined mobile-Health and RDTs was a reliable and effective low-cost strategy to identify patients at high risk of disease needing cardiologic assessment suggesting potential future applications.
Frequent carriage of enterococci and other Lactobacillales with OptrA and PoxtA ribosomal protection resistance mechanisms among children from rural areas of Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2026) Ilaria Baccani; Alberto Antonelli; Marco Coppi; Selene Rebecca Boncompagni; Tiziana di Maggio; Michele Spinicci; Marianne Strohmeyer; Herlan Gamboa; Veronica Poma; Ana Liz Villagrán
Present findings report the highest prevalence of faecal carriage of optrA- and poxtA-positive commensals so far observed in healthy subjects, raising concerns about the potential clinical and epidemiological implications.
High Prevalence of Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance Unrelated to Heavy Antimicrobial Consumption
(Oxford University Press, 2004) Alessandro Bartoloni; Filippo Bartalesi; Antonia Mantella; Emanuela Dell’Amico; Mimmo Roselli; Marianne Strohmeyer; Herlan Gamboa Barahona; Virgilio Prieto Barrón; Franco Paradisi; Gian María Rossolini
In a very remote rural Bolivian community where the use of antimicrobials has been minimal and where exchanges with the exterior are very limited, 67% of subjects were found to be carriers of fecal Escherichia coli with acquired resistance to >/=1 antimicrobial agent(s); the highest rates were observed for tetracycline (64%), ampicillin (58%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (50%), and chloramphenicol (41%). The most relevant implication of these findings is that, in certain settings, the spread and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance can occur, regardless of whether selective pressure generated by the use of antimicrobials is present.
Hymenolepis nana—An Emerging Intestinal Parasite Associated with Anemia in School Children from the Bolivian Chaco
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2018) Michele Spinicci; Fabio Macchioni; Simona Gabrielli; David Rojo; Herlan Gamboa; Ana Liz Villagrán; Yolanda Vallejos; Marianne Strohmeyer; Mimmo Roselli; Gabriella Cancrini
Tropical anemia can have multiple causes, whether socioeconomic, dietary, or infectious. In the Bolivian Chaco, soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH), malaria, and Chagas disease are potential infectious causes of anemia among school-aged children (SAC). Following years of preventive chemotherapy with mebendazole, the prevalence of STH among SAC living in that area is now negligible, whereas protozoan infections are still highly prevalent (81%); Hymenolepis nana is the most frequent intestinal helminth (∼13%). We present results of hemoglobin (Hb) assessment and the association between parasitic infections and Hb levels of that SAC population. Overall, 511 SAC (girls:boys ratio 1:1, mean age 9.4 years [95% confidence interval {CI}: 9.3-9.5]) had Hb levels measured by using a point of care testing (HemoCue® Hb 301 System; HemoCue, Angelhome, Sweden). The prevalence of anemia was 23% (117/511), with mean and median Hb level = 12.2 g/dL (95% CI: 12.1-12.3; range 9.2-15.4 g/dL). By multivariate analysis, H. nana infection was associated with an increased risk of anemia (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI: 1.5-5.7, P = 0.002). Two samples (0.5%) were positive for Trypanosoma cruzi and none for Plasmodium spp. by polymerase chain reaction of the 439 children tested. Anemia is still a concern among SAC living in the Bolivian Chaco. Our findings call for a greater attention to fecal-oral emerging pathogens, such as H. nana, and highlight the importance of water, sanitation, and hygiene improvements for disadvantaged population such as those living in the Bolivian Chaco.
Increasing Resistance in CommensalEscherichia coli, Bolivia and Peru
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008) Alessandro Bartoloni; Lucia Pallecchi; Costanza Fiorelli; Tiziana Di Maggio; Connie Fernandez; Ana Liz Villagrán; Antonia Mantella; Filippo Bartalesi; Marianne Strohmeyer; Angela Bechini
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Long-Standing International Cooperation in Parasitology Research: A Summary of 35 Years of Activities in the Bolivian Chaco
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022) Simona Gabrielli; Fabio Macchioni; Michele Spinicci; Marianne Strohmeyer; Mimmo Roselli; Alessandra Nicoletti; Calogero Edoardo Cicero; Veronica Poma; David Rojo; Yunni Lara
The Bolivian Chaco is a semiarid region with a low population density, situated in the southeast part of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Here, despite the improvements of the last 15 years, poverty remains high in rural areas, where social vulnerability is widespread. The Guaraní ethnic group often lives in isolated communities with a low standard of hygiene and sanitation. This epidemiological scenario favors the spread of transmissible diseases, including several parasitic infections belonging to the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) group. In this area, a long-standing research activity, built upon the synergism between local and foreign institutions, has been established since the late 1980s and helps to fill in the knowledge gap about the epidemiology dynamics of soil-transmitted helminths, vector-borne parasites, and other parasitic diseases. A 35-year history of cooperation programs in parasitology research has contributed to informing local health authorities of the NTD burden in the Bolivian Chaco and, ultimately, supports local healthcare providers in the management of parasitic diseases.
Low prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in urban and rural community settings in Bolivia and Peru
(Elsevier BV, 2012) Alessandro Bartoloni; Lucia Pallecchi; Connie Fernandez; Antonia Mantella; Eleonora Riccobono; Donata Magnelli; Dario Mannini; Marianne Strohmeyer; Filippo Bartalesi; Higinio Segundo
This study provides an insight into the epidemiology of MRSA in community settings of Bolivia and Peru. Reliable, time-saving, and low-cost methods should be implemented to encourage continued surveillance of MRSA dissemination in resource-limited countries.
Persistence of Trypanosoma cruzi vector-borne transmission among school-age children in the Bolivian Chaco documented by 24-month longitudinal serosurveillance
(Oxford University Press, 2022) Michele Spinicci; Fabio Macchioni; Herlan Gamboa; Veronica Poma; Ana Liz Villagrán; Marianne Strohmeyer; Mimmo Roselli; Roberto Vargas; Alessandro Bartoloni; Simona Gabrielli
Our findings support the persistence of vector-borne T. cruzi transmission in this area, highlighting the need for strengthening multidisciplinary efforts against Chagas disease.
Scaling down of a deworming programme among school‐age children after a thirty‐year successful intervention in the Bolivian Chaco
(Wiley, 2018) Michele Spinicci; Fabio Macchioni; David Rojo; Herlan Gamboa; Ana Liz Villagrán; Yolanda Vallejos; Marianne Strohmeyer; Mimmo Roselli; Simona Gabrielli; Gabriella Cancrini
Our findings support the role of preventive chemotherapy in reducing soil-transmitted helminthiases transmission, as otherwise poor hygienic and health conditions persist in the Bolivian Chaco. A national survey, involving areas from all the ecological zones of Bolivia, is now warranted.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A Virus, Hepatitis E Virus, and Helicobacter pylori in Rural Communities of the Bolivian Chaco, 2013
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2018) Irene Campolmi; Michele Spinicci; David Rojo Mayaregua; Herlan Gamboa Barahona; Antonia Mantella; Yunni Lara; Mimmo Roselli; Marianne Strohmeyer; Giampaolo Corti; Francesco Tolari
In the Bolivian Chaco, south-east of Bolivia, studies conducted over the past three decades reported hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Helicobacter pylori seroprevalences above 90% and 60%, respectively. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) prevalence was previously found to be 6-7% but is probably an underestimate because of the poor sensitivity of the assays used. In November 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 263 healthy volunteers from two rural communities of the Bolivian Chaco, aiming to reassess HAV, HEV, and H. pylori seroprevalence 10-20 years following the previous surveys. Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence was 95%, with universal exposure after the first decade of life; HEV seroprevalence was considerably higher (31-35%) than that previously reported; H. pylori seroprevalence was 59%, with an age-dependent distribution. The high prevalence of these infections suggests that major efforts are still needed to reduce fecal-oral transmission and to improve human health in the Bolivian Chaco.
Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the human population of the Bolivian Chaco: four serosurveys over a 26-year period (1987-2013)
(Open Learning on Enteric Pathogens, 2020) Michele Spinicci; Simona Gabrielli; David Rojo; Herlan Gamboa; Fabio Macchioni; Antonia Mantella; Yunni Lara; Ana Liz Villagrán; Mimmo Roselli; Marianne Strohmeyer
T. cruzi transmission is still active and CD remains a concern throughout the Bolivian Chaco. More efforts are needed in order to achieve a sustainable interruption of vector-borne CD transmission in this area.